Larynx

Question 1

The larynx connects which two structure of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 1

pharynx and trachea

Question 2

The larynx is adjacent to which vertebrae?

Answer 2

C4-C6

Question 3

What triangle of the anterior neck is found lateral to the larynx?

Answer 3

carotid triangle

Question 4

What are the 5 major cartilages of the larynx

Answer 4

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottic cartilage
paired arytenoid cartilages

Question 5

Which laryngeal cartilage is open posteriorly and located bath C4-C5 vertebral level?

Answer 5

thyroid cartilage

Question 6

What are the important landmarks on the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 6

laryngeal prominence

superior and inferior cornua

Question 7

What does the thyroid cartilage articulate with inferiorly? Internally?

Answer 7

cricoid cartilage inferiorly

epiglottic cartilage internally

Question 8

Which laryngeal cartilage is ring like with a narrower anterior arch and a broader posterior lamina?

Answer 8

cricoid cartilage

Question 9

What does the cricoid cartilage articulate with laterally? posterosuperiorly?

Answer 9

thyroid cartilage laterally

arytenoid cartilages posterosuperiorly

Question 10

What vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage at?

Answer 10

C6

Question 11

The laryngeal cartilage that is tall and elongated and articulates with the anterior part of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 11

epiglottic cartilage

Question 12

The paired laryngeal cartilage that articulates with the posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 12

arytenoid cartilages

Question 13

The superior projections of the arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 13

vocal processes

Question 14

The laryngeal folds that cover the vocal ligaments?

Answer 14

vocal folds

Question 15

The laryngeal folds that are superior to the vocal folds and cover the vestibular ligaments?

Answer 15

vestibular folds

Question 16

The vestibular ligaments and the vocal ligaments span from what structures?

Answer 16

the arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid cartilage

Question 17

The area on the lateral wall of the laryngeal cavity between the vestibular folds and the vocal folds?

Answer 17

ventricles of the larynx

Question 18

The folds of tissue that extend between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis?

Answer 18

aryepiglottic folds

Question 19

The opening between the laryngopharynx and the laryngeal cavity?

Answer 19

laryngeal inlet or aditus

Question 20

The part of the larynx between the epiglottis and the glottis, superior to vestibular folds?

Answer 20

vestibule

Question 21

The space between the glottis and the cricoid cartilage, inferior to the vocal folds?

Answer 21

intraglottic space

Question 22

The space between left and right vocal folds?

Answer 22

rima glottidis

Question 23

What is the vocal apparatus called and what is it made of?

Answer 23

glottis consists of left and right vocal folds and rims glottidis

Question 24

What influences vocal sounds?

Answer 24

the shape of the rims glottidis and movements of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 25

Rotation of arytenoid cartilages around a vertical axis causes the vocal folds to adduct and abduct. What happens to the rima glottidis when the vocal folds abduct?

Answer 25

rima glottidis gets wider

Question 26

What causes changes in frequency of sound produced by vocal folds?

Answer 26

Anterior and posterior gliding movements altering the length and tension of vocal folds

Question 27

During speech, do the vocal fold abduct or adduct? What does this do to the rima glottidis?

Answer 27

adduct, causing rima glottidis to narrow

Question 28

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx? What do they do?

Answer 28

supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles that move the entire larynx.

Question 29

What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? Wha do they do?

Answer 29

There are several but the only one we need to identify is cricothyroid. They open/close the glottis and/or regulate tension of vocal folds

Question 30

What supplies blood to the larynx?

Answer 30

Superior laryngeal artery (off superior thyroid)

Inferior laryngeal artery (off inferior thyroid)

Question 31

The general sensory innervation and motor innervation to intrinsic muscles of the larynx is supplied by branches of what cranial nerve?

Answer 31

CN 10, vagus nerve

Question 32

What are the branches of vagus nerve that supply the larynx?

Answer 32

• superior laryngeal (internal and external branches)

- recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 33

Which nerve passes through thyrohyoid membrane into the larynx?

Answer 33

internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 34

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx superior to the vocal folds and is commonly involved in cough reflex?

Answer 34

internal laryngeal nerve

Question 35

Which nerve innervates cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 35

external laryngeal nerve

Question 36

Which recurrent laryngeal nerve, right or left, loops around the same side subclavian artery to ascend the same side of the neck to the larynx?

Answer 36

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 37

Which recurrent laryngeal nerve, right or left, loops around the aortic arch to ascend the same side of the neck to the larynx?

Answer 37

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 38

Which nerve provides innervation to all but one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? What is the exception and what is it innervated by?

Answer 38

recurrent laryngeal arteries supply all but cricothyroid which is supplied by external laryngeal nerve

Question 39

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx inferior to the vocal folds?

Answer 39

recurrent laryngeal nerve