Part II - Muscles OIANs Flashcards
OINAs for Lateral Rectus
Origin: common tendinitis ring (annulus of Zion)
Insertion: sclera on lateral aspect of eyeball
N: CN VI abducens
Action: abduction
OINAs for Medial Rectus
O: common tendinus ring
I: sclera on medial aspect of eyeball
N: CN III occulomotor
Action: adduction
OINAs for Inferior Rectus
O: common tendinitis ring
I: sclera on inferior aspect of eyeball
N: CN III
A: depression, adduction, extorsion
OINAs for Superior Rectus
O: common tendinitis ring
I: sclera on superior aspect of eyeball
N: CN III
A: elevation, adduction, intorsion
OINAs for Superior Oblique
O: body of sphenoid bone above common tendinous ring
I: tendon of insertion passes through trochlea and then inserts on sclera of superolateral eyeball
N: CN IV - trochlear
A: depression, abduction, intorsion
OINAs for Inferior Oblique
O: floor of orbit at anteromedial aspect
I: posterolateral aspect of the eyeball
N: CN III
A: elevation, abduction, extorsion
OINAs for Levator Palpebrae Superioris
O: lesser wing of sphenoid bone near orbital apex
I: superior tarsal plate of superior palpebra
N: CN III
A: elevates superior palpebra
OINAs for Masseter
O: zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
I: lateral surface of mandibular ramus
A: elevates and protract mandible
N: Masseteric Nerve from V3
OIANs for Temporalis
O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process of mandibular ramus
A: elevates and retracts mandible
N: deep temporal nerves (from V3)
OIANs for Medial Pterygoid
O: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible at angle
A: elevates, contralaterally deviates and protracted mandible
N: Medial pterygoid nerve (from V3)
OIANs for Lateral Pterygoid
- Superior Head
- Inferior Head
O: 1 - greater wing of sphenoid 2 - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
I: neck of condyles process, capsule and articulate disc of TMJ
A: depresses contralaterally deviates and protracted the mandible
N: Lateral pterygoid nerve (from V3)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN #___ ) innervates all the tongue with one exception:
CN 12; palatoglossus m (Vegus N CN 10)
OIANs for Genioglossus
O: inner surface of mentum of mandible
I: body of tongue, body of hyoid bone
A: bilateral protraction and bilateral depression; unilateral protraction with contralateral deviation
N: CN 12
**the only tongue muscle to protract
OIANs for Styloglossus
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: tongue
A: retraction and elevation of tongue
N: CN 12
OIANs for Hyoglossus
O: greater cornu fo hyoid bone
I: tongue
A: depression and retraction of tongue
N: CN 12
OIANs for Palatoglossus
O: palate (lateral)
I: tongue
A: faucet sphincter and elevates tongue
N: Vegus N CN 10
**the only tongue muscle NOT innervated by CN 12
Name the 4 extrinsic muscles
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
What is the action of the intrinsic muscles?
Fine tongue movements
Alter fine shape of tongue
Speech
Name the 5 palate muscles
Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Muscular uvulae Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus
OIAN of levator veli palatini
O: temporal bone and Eustachian tube cartilage
I: soft palate
A: elevates and retracts the palate
N: CN 10
All muscles of the palate are innervated by CN ___ except ____
Vegus N CN10; Tensor veli palatini (medial pterygoid nerve from V3)
OIAN of tensor veli palatini
O: sphenoid bone and Eustachian tube cartilage
I: soft palate
A: tighten and flatten the palate
N: medial pterygoid n (from V3)
**all other palate muscles are innervated by CN 10
OIAN of musculus uvulae (dingly dangly thing)
O: hard palate
I: uvula
A: elevates uvula
N: CN 10
OIAN of palatoglossus
O: palate
I: tongue (lateral side)
A: sphincter of the faucets, elevates the tongue
N: CN 10
OIAN of palatopharyngeus
O: hard and soft palate
I: wall of pharynx
A: elevates pharynx
N: CN 10
What suprahyoid muscles are innervated by V3 of trigeminal?
Anterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
Recti muscles (4) originate near the posterior orbit from:
Common tendinous ring (annulus of Zion)
IAN of lateral rectus
I: sclera on lateral aspect of eyeball
A: Abduction (principal abductor)
N: CN 6
IAN of medial rectus
I: sclera on medial aspect of eyeball
A: adduction (principal adductor)
N: CN 3
IAN of inferior rectus
I: sclera on inferior aspect of eyeball (anteromedial to vertical axis)
A: depression - principal action. Adduction. Extortion (lateral rotation)
N: CN 3
IAN of superior rectus
I: sclera on superior aspect of eyeball (anteromedial to vertical axis)
A: elevation (principal action). Adduction. Intorsion (medial rotation)
N: CN 3
OIAN of superior oblique
O: body of sphenoid bone above common tendinous ring at orbital apex
I: tendon of insertion passes through trochlea and then inserts on the sclera of superolateral eyeball (posterior to vertical axis)
A: depression (principal action). Abduction. Intorsion (medial rotation)
N: CN 4
OIAN of inferior oblique
O: floor of the orbit at the anteromedial aspect
I: posterolateral aspect of the eyeball (posterior to vertical axis)
A: elevation (principal action). Abduction. Extorsion (lateral rotation)
N: CN 3
Action and Innervation of accessory muscles of the orbit?
Tarsal muscles (superior and inferior)
- A: assist with elevation of the superior palpebra and depression of the inferior palpebra
- N: postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Innervation and function of Nasalis m
Muscle of facial expression (flares nostrils)
N: facial nerve
OIAN of Superior Constrictor
O: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe and mandible
I: pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle (tubercle on basilar part of occipital bone)
A: elevate and constrict pharynx
I: pharyngeal branch of CN X vagus n
OIAN of middle constrictor m
O: greater and lesser cornua of hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament
I: pharyngeal raphe
A: constrict pharynx - push bonus of food downwards into esophagus during swallowing
N: pharyngeal branch CN X
OIAN of inferior constrictor m
O: thyroid and cricoid cartilages of larynx
I: pharyngeal raphe
A: constrict pharynx
N: pharyngeal branch CN X
OIAN of stylopharyngeus m
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: superior border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictors)
A: elevates pharynx
N: pharyngeal branch CN IX
** ONLY skeletal muscle innervated by CN IX glossopharyngeal
OIAN of Palatopharyngeus m.
O: soft palate and hard palate
I: superior border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictors)
A: elevates pharynx
N: pharyngeal branch CN X
OIAN of Salpingopharyngeus (not always present)
O: Eustachian tube cartilage
I: blends with pharyngeal tissues
A: elevates pharynx
N: pharyngeal branch CN X
Name the 6 skeletal muscles of the pharynx
Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor Stylopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus Scalping gopharyngeus
What is the only skeletal muscle innervated by CN IX?
Stylopharyngeus m.
What does salpinx or salpingo mean?
Tube
Name the 5 major cartilages of the larynx and their vertebral level
Thyroid cartilage - C4, C5
Cricoid cartilage - C6
Epiglottis cartilage
Paired Arytenoid cartilage — vocal processes
What do the extrinsic muscles of the larynx do? And what are they?
They move the entire larynx (suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles)
What do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do? And what are they?
They open/close glottis and/or regulate tension of vocal folds. Several, but we only need to know CRICOTHYROID
Innervation of cricothyroid?
External laryngeal nerve
Vegus n branches that innervate the larynx
Pharyngeal branch (muscles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus)
Superior laryngeal nerve splits
- internal laryngeal n sensory innervation to most of the mucosa to the level of vocal folds
…its travels with superior laryngeal artery and they both go through thyrohyoid membrane
- external laryngeal n motor nerve to cricothyroid muscle
Recurrent laryngeal nerves (dissect for these in 3rd Q) asymmetrical:
- Right side loops around right subclavian and comes back up
- Left side loops under the aortic arch
