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ANA 203 > Tongue > Flashcards

Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

Length and width of the tongue

A

length:10cm; width:3cm

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2
Q

List the regions of the tongue, their direction and mobility

A

Apex: directed forward against the incisor teeth ;mobile

Body: anterior 2/3 of the tongue;mobile

Root:directed posteriorly;immobile

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3
Q

3 structures the root of the tongue is attached to???

A

connected to hyoid bone, epiglottis, and oropharynx

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4
Q

——surface of the tongue is a—— surface in contact with the floor of the mouth

A

Ventral

smooth

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5
Q

—— is connected to the ventral SURAFCE of the tongue and allows ——-

A

frenulum linguae

allows the anterior part of the tongue to move freely

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6
Q

The frenulum linguae is a —— fold of ———

A

distinct vertical fold of mucous membrane

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7
Q

——- surface of the tongue is marked by a median sulcus that divides it into——

A

Dorsal

symmetrical halves

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8
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue has a V shaped groove called ——- and runs laterally from ——— which is a remnant of ——-

A

terminal sulcus

foramen caecum

Thyroglossal duct

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9
Q

Terminal sulcus of the tongue is a shallow or deep groove???

A

Shallow

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10
Q

the terminal sulcus divides the dorsal surface into the———- and a———-

A

bigger anterior part in the oral cavity proper

smaller posterior part in the oropharynx

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11
Q

the anterior -/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue is characterized by——-

A

small numerous papillae projections

2

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12
Q

posterior -/3 is characterized by——- that gives this region an———

A

1

lingual tonsils

irregular cobble-stone appearance

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13
Q

List the TYPES OF PAPILLAE

A

(1) Circumvallate papillae
(2) folate papillae
(3) filiform papillae
(4) fungiform papillae

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14
Q

Which of the papillae have taste buds

A

Circumvallate papillae
folate papillae
fungiform papillae

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15
Q

Location of Circumvallate papillae

A

run in an inverted V shape anterior to the terminal sulcus

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16
Q

Describe the shape of the papillaes:

A

Circumvallate papillae: large; broad top,narrow bottom(conical shape)

filiform papillae: they are thread-like , thin, and long

fungiform papillae: mushroom-like shaped; short

folate papillae: rudimentary

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17
Q

How much Circumvallate papillae can be found on the tongue

A

-8 to 12 in number

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18
Q

Location of folate papillae

A

anteriorlateral to circumvillate papillae

found at the 2 lateral margins of the tongue

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19
Q

Which papillae is rudimentary and rarely found in humans

A

folate papillae

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20
Q

folate papillae are more developed in ——?

A

Rats

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21
Q

Most numerous papillae is the ——?

A

filiform papillae

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22
Q

Which papillae has no taste buds

A

filiform papillae

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23
Q

fungiform papillae are predominantly found——-

A

along the sides and tip of the apex

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24
Q

Which papillae has a red color and why?

A

fungiform papillae

highly vascularized,hence the red color

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25
Q

Tonsils are—— shaped masses of——-

A

oval

lymphoid nodule

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26
Q

TASTE BUDS are——- shaped

A

flask

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27
Q

TASTE BUDS are found in—-

A

epithelium of circumvillate,fungiform, and folate papillae

soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx

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28
Q

TASTE BUDS are made up of— types of cells

List them and their other names

A

3

Neuroepithelial taste cells aka gustatory cells
Supporting cells aka sustentacular cells
Basal cells aka precursor cells

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29
Q

TASTE BUDS are constricted where??

A

it’s structure is constricted at both ends

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30
Q

——- are main cells that are responsible for the sensation of taste

A

Neuroepithelial taste cells

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31
Q

Neuroepithelial cells have ——life span

A

short

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32
Q

Shape of the cells that make up the taste buds

A

Neuroepithelial taste cells : spindle shaped chemoreceptors

Supporting cells : elongated ;columnar

Basal cells: small

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33
Q

Neuroepithelial cells have——- on their ——- surface that projects into the———

A

microvilli

Superficial

taste pore

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34
Q

Base of ——— cells are connected to a——— that’s carrying the impulse to the——

A

Neuroepithelial taste cells

sensory nerve fiber

brain

35
Q

Location and function of sustentacular cells

A

found around the gustatory cells

-they protect / guard the gustatory cells

36
Q

Location and function of basal cells

A

found at the base of the Taste bud

-are stem cells for gustatory cells

37
Q

epithelium lining of the tongue is________

A

stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

List the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Verticalis
Transversus

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

39
Q

Function of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Intrinsic: lets you alter the shape of the tongue

Extrinsic : to change the position of the tongue(retract, protract, elevate, depress)

40
Q

Direction of travel and location of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior longitudinal
-from front to back;along superior surface of tongue; beneath mucous membranes

Inferior longitudinal
-from back to front;below the superior longitudinal muscle

Verticalis: run vertically
-connect superior longitudinal muscle to inferior longitudinal muscle

Transversus

  • run transversely
  • from median septum, laterally, to both sides
41
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from ——and insert into the tongue

A

outside the tongue

into the tongue

42
Q

Origin and insertion of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus: connect tongue with mandible

Hyoglossus: from the body and greater Cornu of the hyoid bone into the sides of the tongue

Styloglossus: from styloid process of temporal bone into surface of the tongue

Palatoglossus: connect soft palate to tongue

43
Q

Genio means——?

A

Mandible

44
Q

List the arteries that supply the tongue

A

lingual artery majorly

-tonsillar branch of facial and ascending pharyngeal artery

45
Q

lingual veins drain into the——-

A

internal jugular veins

46
Q

List the general sensory nerves that supply the tongue

A

Anterior: lingual nerve of V3
posterior:glossopharyngeal nerve

47
Q

List the special sensory nerves that supply the tongue

A

anterior: chorda tympani branch of CN7
posterior: glossopharyngeal nerve

48
Q

Motor INNERVATION of the muscles of the tongue

A

everyone is innovated by the hypoglossal nerve except the palatoglossus that is innervated by the vagus nerve

49
Q

GAG REFLEX can be defined as

——-

A

a contraction at the oropharynx region

50
Q

Which nerves control the gag reflex

A

CN 9 and 10

51
Q

damage of the which nerve leads to PARALYSIS of the tongue

A

CN 12

52
Q

Paralyzed tongue increases the chances of ——

A

suffocation

53
Q

TONGUE-TIE aka——-

A

ankyloglossia

54
Q

Describe ‘tongue-tie’ and it occurs when——-

A

tongue is tied to the floor of the mouth

-occurs when the frenulum limguae is too short and thick

55
Q

Tongue-tie, macroglossia, microglossia.

Which ones are. Heriditary and which is congenital

A

Tongue-tie: congenital
MACROGLOSSIA:heriditary
MICROGLOSSIA: congenital

56
Q

Treatment of MACROGLOSSIA is ——?

A

treatment is by removing part of the tongue (partial glossectomy)

57
Q

On each side of the lower end of frenulum, there is an elevation called ———, on the summit of which opens the——-

A

sublingual papilla

submandibular duct.

58
Q

Sublingual glands open on the ——— located laterally to the ——-

A

sublingual fold

Sublingual papilla

59
Q

The anterior two-third of palate, made up of —— is called ——, while posterior one-third made of ——- is called ——

A

bones

hard palate

soft issue

soft palate.

60
Q

posterior part of the tongue forms the——— wall of the——-.

.

A

anterior

oropharynx

61
Q

The tongue is separated from teeth by ———

A

a deep alveololingual sulcus

62
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue.

Convex or concave

A

Convex

63
Q

Tongue origin for mucosa of oral two-third develops from the ———pharyngeal arches while that of pharyngeal part develops from the ——-pharyngeal arches.

A

1st and 2nd

3rd or 4th

64
Q

Effect of coating of tongue on digestive disturbances

A

Not a single thing!

65
Q

——-papillae are largely responsible for the velvety appearance of the tongue

A

Filiform

66
Q

2 animals with prominent follate papillae

A

Rats and rabbits

67
Q

————may be seen through mucous membrane on either side of frenulum linguae(not the tip)

A

Deep lingual veins

68
Q

How to fix tongue-tie

A

This can be corrected by cutting the frenulum surgically.

69
Q

Where is nitroglycerin (sorbitate) placed and why

A

placed under the tongue, where in less than 1 minute, it dissolves and passes through the thin oral mucosa into the lingual veins.

70
Q

Which part of the tongue is most likely to get carcinoma

A

Anterior 2/3
Then posterior 1/3
Then posteriomost

71
Q

Which muscle of the tongue is found between genioglossus and hyoglossus

A

Inferior longitudinal muscle

72
Q
  • muscle of the tongue Makes the tongue narrow and elongated
  • muscle of the tongue Shortens the tongue and Makes the dorsum convex
  • muscle of the tongue Shortens the tongue and Makes the dorsum concave
  • muscle of the tongue Makes the tongue broad and flattened
A

Transversus

Inferior longitudinal

Superior longitudinal

Verticalis

73
Q
  • muscle of the tongue is fans shaped

- muscle of the tongue is quad shaped

A

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

74
Q

Which muscles of the tongue are involved in elevation,depression, protrusion, and retraction of the tongue

A

Elevation (palatoglossus)
Depression (hyoglossus)
Protrusion(genioglossus)
Retraction(styloglossus)

75
Q

Which Muscle is the safety muscle of the tongue and why

A

Genioglossus

If it gets paralyzed and blocks the air flow, you suffocate

76
Q

The——— muscle are commonly used for clinical testing of the hypoglossal nerve

A

genioglossus

77
Q

Which branches of the lingual artery supplies the anterior and posterior part of the tongue

A

Anterior: deep lingual artery

Posterior:dorsal lingual artery

78
Q

the only significant anastomoses across the midline of the tongue is the combo of ——-?

A

The deep lingual arteries

79
Q
    • -+-= lingual vein
A

Deep lingual vein
Veins accompanying the lingual artery
Veins accompanying the hypoglossal nerve

80
Q

List the 4 lymph sections of the tongue and where they drain

A

Apical vessels: They drain the tip and inferior surface of the tongue

Marginal vessels: They drain the marginal portions of the anterior two-third of the tongue

Central vessels: They drain the central portion of the anterior two-third of the tongue

Basal vessels: They drain the root of the tongue and posterior one-third of the tongue

81
Q

What sensory nerve besides the glossopharyngeal nerve , supplies sensory sensations to the tongue and where?

A

internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Posteriormost part of the tongue

82
Q

Referred pain from the tongue affects which regions?

A

Ear, lower teeth, TMJ and temporal fossa

83
Q

Life span of taste buds is ___

A

10 days

84
Q

Stretching the chords tympani nerve without cutting it produces a metallic taste in the mouth
T/F

A

T

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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