Tongue Flashcards
Length and width of the tongue
length:10cm; width:3cm
List the regions of the tongue, their direction and mobility
Apex: directed forward against the incisor teeth ;mobile
Body: anterior 2/3 of the tongue;mobile
Root:directed posteriorly;immobile
3 structures the root of the tongue is attached to???
connected to hyoid bone, epiglottis, and oropharynx
——surface of the tongue is a—— surface in contact with the floor of the mouth
Ventral
smooth
—— is connected to the ventral SURAFCE of the tongue and allows ——-
frenulum linguae
allows the anterior part of the tongue to move freely
The frenulum linguae is a —— fold of ———
distinct vertical fold of mucous membrane
——- surface of the tongue is marked by a median sulcus that divides it into——
Dorsal
symmetrical halves
Dorsal surface of the tongue has a V shaped groove called ——- and runs laterally from ——— which is a remnant of ——-
terminal sulcus
foramen caecum
Thyroglossal duct
Terminal sulcus of the tongue is a shallow or deep groove???
Shallow
the terminal sulcus divides the dorsal surface into the———- and a———-
bigger anterior part in the oral cavity proper
smaller posterior part in the oropharynx
the anterior -/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue is characterized by——-
small numerous papillae projections
2
posterior -/3 is characterized by——- that gives this region an———
1
lingual tonsils
irregular cobble-stone appearance
List the TYPES OF PAPILLAE
(1) Circumvallate papillae
(2) folate papillae
(3) filiform papillae
(4) fungiform papillae
Which of the papillae have taste buds
Circumvallate papillae
folate papillae
fungiform papillae
Location of Circumvallate papillae
run in an inverted V shape anterior to the terminal sulcus
Describe the shape of the papillaes:
Circumvallate papillae: large; broad top,narrow bottom(conical shape)
filiform papillae: they are thread-like , thin, and long
fungiform papillae: mushroom-like shaped; short
folate papillae: rudimentary
How much Circumvallate papillae can be found on the tongue
-8 to 12 in number
Location of folate papillae
anteriorlateral to circumvillate papillae
found at the 2 lateral margins of the tongue
Which papillae is rudimentary and rarely found in humans
folate papillae
folate papillae are more developed in ——?
Rats
Most numerous papillae is the ——?
filiform papillae
Which papillae has no taste buds
filiform papillae
fungiform papillae are predominantly found——-
along the sides and tip of the apex
Which papillae has a red color and why?
fungiform papillae
highly vascularized,hence the red color
Tonsils are—— shaped masses of——-
oval
lymphoid nodule
TASTE BUDS are——- shaped
flask
TASTE BUDS are found in—-
epithelium of circumvillate,fungiform, and folate papillae
soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx
TASTE BUDS are made up of— types of cells
List them and their other names
3
Neuroepithelial taste cells aka gustatory cells
Supporting cells aka sustentacular cells
Basal cells aka precursor cells
TASTE BUDS are constricted where??
it’s structure is constricted at both ends
——- are main cells that are responsible for the sensation of taste
Neuroepithelial taste cells
Neuroepithelial cells have ——life span
short
Shape of the cells that make up the taste buds
Neuroepithelial taste cells : spindle shaped chemoreceptors
Supporting cells : elongated ;columnar
Basal cells: small
Neuroepithelial cells have——- on their ——- surface that projects into the———
microvilli
Superficial
taste pore
Base of ——— cells are connected to a——— that’s carrying the impulse to the——
Neuroepithelial taste cells
sensory nerve fiber
brain
Location and function of sustentacular cells
found around the gustatory cells
-they protect / guard the gustatory cells
Location and function of basal cells
found at the base of the Taste bud
-are stem cells for gustatory cells
epithelium lining of the tongue is________
stratified squamous epithelium
List the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Verticalis
Transversus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Function of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Intrinsic: lets you alter the shape of the tongue
Extrinsic : to change the position of the tongue(retract, protract, elevate, depress)
Direction of travel and location of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
-from front to back;along superior surface of tongue; beneath mucous membranes
Inferior longitudinal
-from back to front;below the superior longitudinal muscle
Verticalis: run vertically
-connect superior longitudinal muscle to inferior longitudinal muscle
Transversus
- run transversely
- from median septum, laterally, to both sides
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from ——and insert into the tongue
outside the tongue
into the tongue
Origin and insertion of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus: connect tongue with mandible
Hyoglossus: from the body and greater Cornu of the hyoid bone into the sides of the tongue
Styloglossus: from styloid process of temporal bone into surface of the tongue
Palatoglossus: connect soft palate to tongue
Genio means——?
Mandible
List the arteries that supply the tongue
lingual artery majorly
-tonsillar branch of facial and ascending pharyngeal artery
lingual veins drain into the——-
internal jugular veins
List the general sensory nerves that supply the tongue
Anterior: lingual nerve of V3
posterior:glossopharyngeal nerve
List the special sensory nerves that supply the tongue
anterior: chorda tympani branch of CN7
posterior: glossopharyngeal nerve
Motor INNERVATION of the muscles of the tongue
everyone is innovated by the hypoglossal nerve except the palatoglossus that is innervated by the vagus nerve
GAG REFLEX can be defined as
——-
a contraction at the oropharynx region
Which nerves control the gag reflex
CN 9 and 10
damage of the which nerve leads to PARALYSIS of the tongue
CN 12
Paralyzed tongue increases the chances of ——
suffocation
TONGUE-TIE aka——-
ankyloglossia
Describe ‘tongue-tie’ and it occurs when——-
tongue is tied to the floor of the mouth
-occurs when the frenulum limguae is too short and thick
Tongue-tie, macroglossia, microglossia.
Which ones are. Heriditary and which is congenital
Tongue-tie: congenital
MACROGLOSSIA:heriditary
MICROGLOSSIA: congenital
Treatment of MACROGLOSSIA is ——?
treatment is by removing part of the tongue (partial glossectomy)
On each side of the lower end of frenulum, there is an elevation called ———, on the summit of which opens the——-
sublingual papilla
submandibular duct.
Sublingual glands open on the ——— located laterally to the ——-
sublingual fold
Sublingual papilla
The anterior two-third of palate, made up of —— is called ——, while posterior one-third made of ——- is called ——
bones
hard palate
soft issue
soft palate.
posterior part of the tongue forms the——— wall of the——-.
.
anterior
oropharynx
The tongue is separated from teeth by ———
a deep alveololingual sulcus
Dorsal surface of the tongue.
Convex or concave
Convex
Tongue origin for mucosa of oral two-third develops from the ———pharyngeal arches while that of pharyngeal part develops from the ——-pharyngeal arches.
1st and 2nd
3rd or 4th
Effect of coating of tongue on digestive disturbances
Not a single thing!
——-papillae are largely responsible for the velvety appearance of the tongue
Filiform
2 animals with prominent follate papillae
Rats and rabbits
————may be seen through mucous membrane on either side of frenulum linguae(not the tip)
Deep lingual veins
How to fix tongue-tie
This can be corrected by cutting the frenulum surgically.
Where is nitroglycerin (sorbitate) placed and why
placed under the tongue, where in less than 1 minute, it dissolves and passes through the thin oral mucosa into the lingual veins.
Which part of the tongue is most likely to get carcinoma
Anterior 2/3
Then posterior 1/3
Then posteriomost
Which muscle of the tongue is found between genioglossus and hyoglossus
Inferior longitudinal muscle
- muscle of the tongue Makes the tongue narrow and elongated
- muscle of the tongue Shortens the tongue and Makes the dorsum convex
- muscle of the tongue Shortens the tongue and Makes the dorsum concave
- muscle of the tongue Makes the tongue broad and flattened
Transversus
Inferior longitudinal
Superior longitudinal
Verticalis
- muscle of the tongue is fans shaped
- muscle of the tongue is quad shaped
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Which muscles of the tongue are involved in elevation,depression, protrusion, and retraction of the tongue
Elevation (palatoglossus)
Depression (hyoglossus)
Protrusion(genioglossus)
Retraction(styloglossus)
Which Muscle is the safety muscle of the tongue and why
Genioglossus
If it gets paralyzed and blocks the air flow, you suffocate
The——— muscle are commonly used for clinical testing of the hypoglossal nerve
genioglossus
Which branches of the lingual artery supplies the anterior and posterior part of the tongue
Anterior: deep lingual artery
Posterior:dorsal lingual artery
the only significant anastomoses across the midline of the tongue is the combo of ——-?
The deep lingual arteries
- -+-= lingual vein
Deep lingual vein
Veins accompanying the lingual artery
Veins accompanying the hypoglossal nerve
List the 4 lymph sections of the tongue and where they drain
Apical vessels: They drain the tip and inferior surface of the tongue
Marginal vessels: They drain the marginal portions of the anterior two-third of the tongue
Central vessels: They drain the central portion of the anterior two-third of the tongue
Basal vessels: They drain the root of the tongue and posterior one-third of the tongue
What sensory nerve besides the glossopharyngeal nerve , supplies sensory sensations to the tongue and where?
internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Posteriormost part of the tongue
Referred pain from the tongue affects which regions?
Ear, lower teeth, TMJ and temporal fossa
Life span of taste buds is ___
10 days
Stretching the chords tympani nerve without cutting it produces a metallic taste in the mouth
T/F
T