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ANA 203 > Oesteology Of The Skull > Flashcards

Oesteology Of The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Cranium is divided into two:

List them

A

neurocranium and viscerocranium

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2
Q

Which part of the cranium contains the proximal part of cranial nerves

A

Neurocranium

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3
Q

Neurocranium is divided into what and what

A

a dome-like roof called the calvaria (skullcap)

•and a floor or cranial base (basicranium)

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4
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium and list them

A

8

frontal 
-ethmoidal
-sphenoidal
-occipital
2 temporal 
2 parietal
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5
Q

Ethmoid bone is primarily contributing to - and only minorily contributing to -

A

Viscerocranium

Neurocranium

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6
Q

How many bones are in viscerocranium
How many paired, how many single
List all

A

15 irregular bones

  • 3 single, 6 paired
  • zygomatic ;nasal;palatine;lacrimal;vomer;inferior nasal concha;maxilla, mandible;ethmoid
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7
Q

Which bones contributes the greatest to the upper facial skeleton

A

Maxilla

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8
Q

Mandible, maxilla

Attachement of both

A

fixed to the cranial base

Temporomandibular joint

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9
Q

Parts of mandible

A

condyloid process, coronoid process,Ramus, body, gonion

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10
Q

Parts of maxilla

A

infraorbital foramen, zygomatic process of maxilla, intermaxillary suture,frontal process of maxilla

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11
Q

Parts of frontal bone

A

vertical squamous part(for eyes. And forehead) , horizontal part(for nose)

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12
Q

Frontal bone articulates with?

A

-articulates with nasal bone,zygomatic bone, maxilla, sphenoid,parietal ethmoid bone , and lacrimal

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13
Q

Function of Supraorbital notch

A

for the passage of the supraorbital vessels and nerves

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14
Q

superior to the supraorbital margin is

A

superciliary arch

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15
Q

Between the superciliary arches is a smooth, slightly depressed area called the

A

Glabella

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16
Q

anterior most projecting part of the forehead

A

Glabella

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17
Q

Just above the glabella is

A

Ophyron

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18
Q

intersection of the frontal and nasal bones is

A

Nasion

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19
Q

Nasal septum is made up of what ?

A

Nasal bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer

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20
Q

lateral wall of each nasal cavity has -

A

Conchae

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21
Q

Origin

Superior concha
Middle concha
Inferior concha

A

Ethmoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Itself

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22
Q

Another name for concha is?

A

Turbinate

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23
Q

Location of the mental foramina

A

Inferior to the second premolar teeth

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24
Q

base of the mandible has a midline swelling called

A

Mental protuberance

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25
Q

Lateral to the mental protuberance on either side is

A

Mental tubercle

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26
Q

Zygomatic bone is also know as - and -

A

Cheek bone

Malar bones

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27
Q

lateral aspect of zygomatic bone is a foramen called

A

Zygomaticofacial foramen to transmit zygomaticofacial nerve

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28
Q

Injury to superciliary arches can cause?

A

Black eye

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29
Q

Redness of the zygomatic eminence associated a rise in temperature in various fevers occurring with certain diseases, such as tuberculosis

A

Malar flush

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30
Q

Superior aspect of the skull is called ?

A

Calvaria or skull cap

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31
Q

Frontal bone meets parietal bones at - sutures

Parietal bones meet watch other at - sutures

Parietal bones meet occipital bones at - sutures

A

Coronal sutures
Saggital sutures
Lambdoid suture

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32
Q

junction(intersection) between the coronal and sagittal sutures is called?

A

Bregma

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33
Q

junction(intersection) between the sagittal suture and lambdoid sutures is called

A

Lambda

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34
Q

most superior point of the skull

A

Vertex

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35
Q

Sagittal suture closure begins where

And that space is called?

A

Suture between the parietal foramen

Obelion

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36
Q

Types of calvaria fractures

A

Linear fracture
Depressed fracture
Communited fracture
Basilar fracture

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37
Q
  • fracture occurs at the point of direct trauma and is the most frequent type
A

Linea calvaria fracture

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38
Q
  • fracture leads to depressed skull
A

Depressed fracture

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39
Q
  • fracture occurs at the opposite point to the point of direct contact
A

Contrecoup (counterblow) fracture

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40
Q
  • fracture leads to bone broken into several pieces
A

Comminuted fracture

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41
Q

Obliteration of sutures between bones begin at what age on the internal surface and what age on the external surface

A

Age 30-40

10years after internal starts

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42
Q

Sequential obliteration of sutures from bregma is?

A

Sagittal, coronal, lambdoid

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43
Q

Union of the mandibular bones start at what age and ends at what age

Point of fusion is called?

A

1 year old,
Ends by 2nd year

Symphysis menti

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44
Q

Is temporal bone development complete at birth?

A

No.

Doesn’t have mastoid and styloid process

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45
Q

bones of the calvaria of a newborn infant are separated by

A

Fontanelles

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46
Q

Types of fontanelles and their orientation

A

Anterior fontanelle- between frontal and parietal bones; diamond or star shaped

Posterior- between parietal and occipital bone,;triangular

Sphenoid and mastoid : overlain by temporalis muscle

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47
Q

Original insertion of temporalis muscle

A

O: temporal region
I:coronoid process of the mandible

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48
Q

Anterior fontanelles closes by :

Frontal bone is United by :

Frontal suture is obliterated by:

A

18 months of age

2nd year of age

8th year of age

49
Q

Persistent frontal suture is called

A

Metopic suture

50
Q

Posterior fontanelle closes by :

A

First few months- ends by 1st year

51
Q

Why can babies heads be molded during birth

A

softness of the cranial bones in infants and their loose connections at the sutures and fontanelles

52
Q

What permits the cranium to enlarge during infancy and childhood

A

Fibrous sutures

53
Q

Period of rapid cranium increase

Period of steady general inncreas

Period of final slow tiny increase

A

First 2 years of life

15-16 years

18-20 years

54
Q

Premature closure of the cranial sutures is called

A

Craniosynostosis

55
Q

anterior fontanelle is small or absent

When premature closure of the coronal or the lambdoid suture occurs on one side only

Premature closure of the coronal suture

A

Scaphoceohaly

Plagiocephaly

Oxycephaly or turricephaly

56
Q

Wedge-shaped cranium

High, tower-like cranium

A

Scaphocephaly

Oxycephaly or turricephaly

57
Q

Effect of Premature closure of cranial sutures on brain development

A

Nothing

58
Q

Pterion area overlies the-

A

Middle meninges artery

59
Q

Parts of temporal bone

A

Squamous part,zygomatic process, tympanic part,petromastoid part, styloid process,

60
Q

point where the superior temporal line cuts the coronal suture is called

A

Stephanion

61
Q

Suture between
mastoid process and parietal bone
Mastoid process and occipital bone

A

Parietomastoid suture

Occipitomastoid suture

62
Q

Junction of parietomastoid suture, occipitomastoid suture, and lambdoid suture is called

A

Asterion

63
Q

Along the lambdoid suture are small bones called

A

Sutural bones or Wormian bones

64
Q

Distance between superior and inferior nuchal lines

A

1 inch

65
Q

Extending downwards from the external occipital protuberance is

A

External occipital crest

66
Q

Deepest and most shallow cranial fossa

A

Posterior cranial fossa

Anterior cranial fossa

67
Q

What sits in the floor of the cranial fossas

A

Anterior-frontal lobe

Middle: temporal lobe

Posterior:brain stem at the front,cerebellum at the rest

68
Q

Located at the midline of the middle cranial fossa is

A

Hypophyseal fossa that houses the pituitary gland

69
Q

Canine eminence

A

prominence on the surface of the superior maxillary bone caused by the socket of the canine tooth.

70
Q

A depression in the maxilla in which cheek muscles rest

A

Canine fossa

71
Q

Canine fossa extends from where to where vertically and horizontally

A

Vertical: infraorbital margin to alveolar process below

Horizontal: zygomatic-maxillary suture to anterior nasal aperture

72
Q

Nasal spine is also called?

A

Akanthion

73
Q

Alveolar process point is also called

A

Prosthion

74
Q

Foraminas in greater wing of sphenoid

A

Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

75
Q

What passes through
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

76
Q

What passes through superior orbital fissures

A

CN 3,4,5,6
Occulomotor,trochlear,opthalamic division of trigeminal nerve, and abducens nerve
Opthalamic vein

77
Q

Optic canal allows passage of what

A 
Opthalamic artery 
Optic nerve (CN2)
78
Q

What transmits the olfactory nerve (CN1)

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid’s numerous foramina

79
Q

Contents of foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord
2 vertebral arteries
Spinal accessory nerve (CN11)

80
Q

Cribiform plate forms the - of the nose

A

Roof of the nasal cavity

81
Q

Crista galli

A

Extension from the cribiform plate

82
Q

Hypoglossal canal transmits

A

Hypoglossal nerve CN12

83
Q

Mastoid foramen transmits

A

Mastoid emissary veins

Posterior meningeal artery

84
Q

Carotid canal transmits

A

Internal carotid artery

Internal carotid plexus

85
Q

Jugular fossa transmits

A

CN 9,10,11

Internal jugular vein

86
Q

Describe the Frankfurt plane

And it’s also called?

A

In the anatomical position, the head is oriented in a way that the inferiorbrital margin is alighted with the superior border of the external acoustic meatus

Also called orbitomeatal plane

87
Q

Boundaries of the anterior cranial fossa

Anteriorly and laterally
Posteriorly and medially
Floor

A

Frontal bone
Limbus of sphenoid bone
Frontal bone,ethmoid, and wings of lesser sphenoid

88
Q 
Describes the
 anterior clinoid process 
Frontal crest
Crista galli
Cribiform plate 
Lesser Wings of sphenoid
A

The rounded ends of the lesser wings
Midline of frontal bone. Attachment for falx cerebri
an upwards projection of etmoid bone, which acts as another point of attachment for the falx cerebri.
either side of the crista galli supports the olfactory bulb and has numerous foramina that transmit vessels and nerves.

89
Q

Thinnest part of the anterior cranial fossa

A

Cribiform plate

90
Q

Consequences of broken cribiform plate

A

Anosmia:loss of sense of smell

CSF rinorrhea: CSF comes out through the nose

91
Q

3 major foramina in cranial fossa

A

Cribiform plate
Anterior ethmoid foramen for anterior ethmoidal VAN
Posterior ethmoidal foramen for posterior ethmoidal VAN

92
Q

Boundaries of middle cranial fossa

Anteriorly and laterall
Anteriorly and medially
Posteriorly and laterall 
Posteriorly and medially
Floor
A 
Lesser wings of sphenoid bone
Limbus of sphenoid bone
Petrous part of temporal bone
Dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone
Body,greater wing,squamous, and Petrous parts of sphenoid and temporal bones
93
Q

What forms the sella turica

A

Tuberculum sellae at the front
Hypophyseal fossa
Dorsum sellae at the back

94
Q

Origin of anterior clinoid process

Origin of posterior clinoid process

A

Lesser wings of sphenoid bone

Posterateral part of dorsum sellae

95
Q

Location of optic canals

A

Anterior part of Middle cranial fossa,joined together by the chiasmatic sulcus

96
Q

Location of superior orbital tissue

A

Immediately lateral to the central part of middle cranial fossa

97
Q

Foramen rotundum opens into - fossa

Foramen ovale opens into - fossa

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

Infratemporal fossa

98
Q

Formainas of the temporal bones are?

A

hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve transmits the greater petrosal nerve (a branch of the facial nerve), and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery.

Hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve – transmits the lesser petrosal nerve (a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve).

Carotid canal – located posteriorly and medially to the foramen ovale. This is traversed by the internal carotid artery, which ascends into the cranium to supply the brain with blood. The deep petrosal nerve also passes through this canal.

Foramen lacerum isfilled with cartilage

Internal acoustic meatus for CN7 and CN8 and labyrinthine artery

99
Q 
Borders of posterior cranial fossa 
Anterior medial 
Anterior lateral
Posterior 
Floor
A

Dorsum sellae of sphenoid
Petrous part of temporal
Occipital
Mastoid of temporal, squamous,condylar,and basilar part of occipital

100
Q

Foramen in occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum:vertebral artery, medulla of brain, spinal accessory nerve (ascending), dural veins and anterior and posterior spinal arteries.

101
Q

Function of clivus

A

connects the foramen magnum with the dorsum sellae.

102
Q

Function of sphenoid sinus

A

lined with cells that make mucus to keep the nose from drying out. Enlarge.

103
Q

Attachments and function of

Temporalis
Masseter
SCM
posterior belly of digastric muscle 
Splenius capitis
A

squamous part of temporal-mastication
Lateral zygomatic of temporal-mastication
Mastoid process-flexing and rotating of head
Mastoid process- for swallowing
Mastoid process for-shaking the head

104
Q

What passes through Foramen caecum

A

Emissary veins from nose to superior sagitta sinus

105
Q

T or F on Foramen Cecum

  1. Is located in the anterior cranial fossa of the calvaria
  2. transmits veins involved in spread of infections
  3. Found in 1% of people
  4. Is located posterior to the frontal crest
  5. Is a foramen on the _________ bone of the skull
  6. transmits veins whose destination is in the inferior sagittal sinus
  7. Lies posterior to the ethmoid bone
  8. Is the most anterior of all foramina in the base of the skull
  9. Contains nasal emissary veins
  10. Varies in size in different people
  11. Is frequently impervious
  12. Lies at the apex of the frontal crest of the frontal bone
  13. Lies anterior to crista galli of frontal bone
  14. When opened serves as a connection between extracranium and intracranium
  15. Provides a passage for veins ONLY
A 
1F
2T
3F
4T
5Frontal
6F
7F
8T
9T
10T
11T
12F
13F
14T
15T
106
Q

T or F on CRIBRIFORM FORAMINA

  1. They are small holes located in the anterior cranial fossa
  2. They are of the ________ bone
  3. Transmits the first cervical nerve called the olfactory nerve
  4. Allows passage of nerve cell bodies from the olfactory epithelium of the nose to the intracranium
  5. Located in the crista galli of ethmoid bone
  6. Passage of nerves through this hole allows for communication with the olfactory bulb on top of the cribriform plates
  7. Is located medial to the crista galli
  8. Is located medial to the frontal bone in the calvarium
A

1) T
2) ethmoid
3) F
4) F
5) F
6) T
7) F
8) F

107
Q

T or F on OPTIC CANAL

  1. Transmits the olfactory artery
  2. Transmits the supraorbital artery
  3. Transmits the optic nerve, cervical nerve 1.
  4. Located in the anterior cranial fossa of calvarium
  5. Transmits a large ophthalmic artery to the nose
  6. The first cervical nerve is transmitted through this foramen
  7. It is located directly lateral to the prechiasmatic groove of sphenoid bone
  8. Located between the lesser and greater wings of sphenoid
  9. Transmits sympathetic nerve fibres
  10. Is intimately related to lesser wing of temporal bone
A

1) F
2) F
3) F
4) F
5) F
6) F
7) T
8) F
9) T
10) F

108
Q

Branches of opthalmic division of trigeminal nere

A

Facial, lacrimal, nasociliary nerve

109
Q

Branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

Infraorbital nerve

Zygomatic nerve

110
Q

Superior orbital fissure serves as a connection between the ———- and the ——-

A

Cavernous sinus and apex of orbit

111
Q

T or F on SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

  1. It is located posterior to the middle cranial fossa
  2. It lies posterior and lateral to the optic canal
  3. It contains all branches of cranial nerves 3-6
  4. It contains the superior ophthalmic vein but doesn’t contain the inferior ophthalmic vein
  5. It is located just directly posterior to the limbus of sphenoid bone
  6. It contains lacrimal and frontal nerves
  7. Sympathetic fibres are a content
  8. The branch of the trigeminal nerve that passes through this fissure is the ophthalmic nerve, V2
  9. A content is the nasociliary nerve
  10. Occulomotor, trochlear and ophthalmic nerves are nerves that do not pass through this foramen
  11. Contains 4 cervical nerves
  12. Abducens nerve, cranial nerve V1, passes through this fissure
  13. 2 tributaries to the cavernous sinus are located in it
  14. It is located on the sphenoid bone only
  15. It separates the greater and lesser wing of sphenoid.
A

1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
5) F
6) T
7) T
8) F
9) T
10) F
11) F
12) T
13) T
14) T
15) T

112
Q

Zygomatic bones are triangular in shape

T/F

A

F

113
Q

What shape is zygomatic bone

A

Diamond shape

114
Q

Pneumatization of cranial bones decrease with age.

T/F

A

F. It increases

115
Q

What is pneumatization of bones

A

presence of air spaces within bones

116
Q

Bones get lighter as they age.

T/F

A

T

117
Q

Examples of pneumatized bones?

A

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Temporal

118
Q

The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the ——-as it passes behind the——- and runs medial to the ——?

A

inferior thyroid artery

carotid sheath

Phrenic nerve

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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