Blood Supply To The Head And Neck Flashcards
Origin of right and left subclavian artery
right is from brachiocephalic trunk(has only a cervical part)
-left is from arch of aorta(has a cervical and thoracic part)
The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcated at what point
Sternoclavicular joint
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
divided into - parts by the-
3
Scalenus anterior
Origin of Costocervical trunk on the right subclavian artery and left subclavian artery
note that the Costocervical trunk is from the second part on the right and first part on The left
largest branch of first part of subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Vertebral artery is divided into - parts
State their regions
And ending of vertebral artery is?
divided into 4 parts; 1st is from origin to foramen transversarium of C6; second is from FT C6 to FT C1; third is from FT C1 to foramen magnum; fourth is from foramen magnum to lower pons
-it ends by merging with its brother to form basilar arteyy
What originates from the inferior part of subclavian Opposite the inferior part of subclavian Largest branch of subclavian Shorts and wide branch of subclavian
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Costocervical trunk
At what level does the internal thoracic artery terminal and into what?
6th intercoastal space
By becoming musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery
Internal thoracic artery enters the thorax anterior or posterior to the sternoclavicular joint?
Posterior to
Branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Inferior thyroid artery
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Branches of Costocervical trunk
A deep cervical branch
2 posterior intercoastal branch
Origin and alternative origin on dorsal scapula artery
either a direct branch or deep branch of transverse cervical artery
Arteries involved in the arterial anastomoses of scapula
Deep branch of transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Subscapular artery(3rd part of axillary) Circumflex scapula artery (branch of subscapula)
Origin of the right and left common carotid artery
right carotid originates from a bifurcation at right sternoclavicular joint
-left is directly from arch of aorta
Branches of the common carotid in the neck
the 2 common carotid arteries do not give any branch in the neck
Point of bifurcation of the common carotid arteries
the common carotid arteries bifurcate at C4(level of superior margin of thyroid cartilage )
Which triangle does bifurcation of common carotid artery occur
this bifurcation occurs in the carotid triangle
Orientation of the external carotid vs internal carotid
has a curved course making it anteromedial to internal carotid at the lower part and anterolateral to it at the upper part
External carotid artery supplies which areas of the body
supplies areas of head and neck external to the cranium
External carotid artery travels up behind the ——- but anterior to —— and bifurcates in the ——- into—— and ——-
travels up the neck; posterior to mandibular neck but anterior to the lobule of the ear
-ends within the parotid gland by dividing into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery (deep)
How many non- terminal branches does External carotid artery have?
has 6 branches in total
List the branches of the External carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery
Orientation of the branches of the External carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery
arises from front of ECA ,just below the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
medial aspect of ECA
from front of ECA, opposite the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
from front of ECA , just above the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
from back of ECA just above the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
Back of ECA Above occipital
What is the main arterial supply of the tongue
Lingual artery
Lingual artery may originate from —- instead of as a direct branch of ECA
Lingual artery is divided into - by - muscle
Linguofacial trunk
3 parts by hyoglossus muscle
Which branches of the ECA runs along the lower and upper border of the posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lower: occipital
Above: posterior auricular
Branches of internal carotid artery in the neck
do not supply any structures in the neck
The internal carotid artery enters the cranium through which canal located where
Carotid canal located in the Petrous part of temporal bone
atherosclerosis of the internal carotid can lead to?
Cerebral ischemia (stroke)
Orientation of the subclavian vein
- joins with IJV at the medial border of scalenus anterior
- subclavian vein is located infront of and a bit lower than the subclavian artery
- located anterior to scalene anterior muscle
Does subclavian veins have valves
If yes, where
If no, why
Yes
2cm from its Point of termination
Tributaries of the subclavian vein
External jugular vein , cepjalic vein, anterior jugular vein (sometimes), dorsal scapular vein, thoracic duct on the left and right lymphatic duct on the right
List the major jugular veins
3 main; external, internal, anterior
External jugular vein is formed by the union of —
Posterior auricular vein and Posterior branch of retromandibular vein
External jugular vein is formed at which point
Posterior to the angle of mandible , inferior to outer ear
List the tributaries of the External jugular vein
Posterior External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein Oblique jugular vein Transverse cervical vein Suprascapular vein
Surface marking of the External jugular vein
A line from neck of mandible to middle of clavicle
External jugular vein :
has how many valves
Their location
Functions
2 valves
One at its site of termination, the other if 4cm above the clavicle
They do no prevent the regurgitation of blood
How do the 2 anterior jugular veins communicate
Through the jugular venous arch
Course of the anterior jugular vein
descends in superficial fascia then pierces the DCV 1 inch above the jugular notch to enter suprasternal space of burns
-then turns laterally Sharply, goes deep to SCM and empties into the EJV
What is the largest vein in the neck
Internal jugular vein
Internal jugular vein begins as a continuation of —-
Sigmoid sinus
Internal jugular vein exits the skull through?
Jugular foramen
The superior most and inferior most parts of the Internal jugular vein are?
Superior bulb and inferior bulb
Function of the valve of the inferior bulb of Internal jugular vein
has a valve to stop back flow of blood
Which is larger between the right and left internal jugular veins
-right Is usually larger than left because it drain the larger superior sagittal sinus while left drains the smaller inferior sagittal sinus
Surface marking of internal jugular vein
Marked from midpoint of tip of mastoid process and angle of mandible to sternoclavicular joint
Tributaries of internal jugular vein
Common facial vein, lingual, superior and middle thyroid,internal petrosal vein, pharyngeal vein
What is the most important tributary of the Internal jugular vein
Common facial vein
Who is more anterior at the beginning
Internal jugular vein or internal carotid artery
ICA lies in front of IJV in the beginning and the last 4 cranial nerves lie in between them
Internal jugular vein is crossed by - muscles, -veins,- nerves, - arteries
2 muscles, 2 arteries, 1 vein, 2 nerves
Function of oblique jugular vein
oblique jugular vein may connect EJV and IJV
Which nodes like the Internal jugular vein full length
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What happens at the lower end to both Internal jugular vein
At the lower end, both the internal jugular veins (right and left) tend to shift to the right, so that the right comes to lie further lateral to the right common carotid artery while the left tends to overlap the left common carotid artery.
DURAL venous sinuses are spaces between?
spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura matter
Location of cavernous sinus
located next to the lateral aspect of the body of the sphenoid bone
Tributaries of the cavernous sinuses
2 opthalamic veins, middle superficial cerebral veins, and sphenoparietal sinus
Stuffs located within the cavernous sinus
Internal carotid artery
CN 3,4,5a,5b,and 6
Function of the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus
to cool the arterial blood before it reaches the brain
What connects the facial vein to the cavernous sinus and the implications of this connection
facial vein is connected to cavernous sinus by superior opthalamic vein
-facial vein is valveless allowing infections from the facial vein to be spread to the sinuses
Implication of infection in the cavernous sinuses
if the cavernous sinus gets infected, its contents are in danger
Terminal branch of the opthalamic artery?
Dorsal nasal artery
Middle meningeal artery is a branch of ——- which is a branch of ———
Maxillary artery; external carotid artery
Mnemonic for maxillary artery branches is _____
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