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ANA 203 > Pharyngeal Apparatus > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus is also known as

A

branchial apparatus

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2
Q

Branchial apparatus means

A

Gills

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3
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus starts developing from—- day

A

Day 22

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4
Q

PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS is involved in forming —— part of the embryo

A

cephalic end and face of embryo

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5
Q

COMPONENTS OF THE PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS are??

A

arches

  • grooves
  • pouches
  • membranes
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6
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are prominent and which aren’t

A

1-4 are prominent;5th is absent;6th is transient

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7
Q

arches are separated by ——on the outside and by ——— on the inside

A

Grooves/clefts

Pouches

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8
Q

First pharyngeal arch is also called?

A

mandibular arch

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9
Q

Cartilage of First pharyngeal arch and what is derived from it

A

Meckel’s cartilage

Malleus,sphenomandibular ligament

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10
Q

List the prominences of the First pharyngeal arch

State which is ventral or dorsal

State their derivatives

A

mandibular(ventral) and maxillary(dorsal)

maxillary dorsal prominence becomes the future maxilla,zygomatic bone, and squamous part of temporal bone
-mandibularry ventral part becomes the mandible
Malleus and incus

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11
Q

Arterial supply of First pharyngeal arch?

A

1st aortic arch-maxillary artery

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12
Q

First pharyngeal pouch gives?

A

Auditory/eustachian tube/pharngotympanic membrane(ventral end)

Tympanic cavity(distal end)

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13
Q

First pharyngeal groove gives?

A

external auditory meatus

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14
Q

Which nerve is associated with the First pharyngeal arch?

A

trigeminal nerve except the opthalamic division

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15
Q

What ligaments are associated with First pharyngeal arch?

A

anterior ligament of malleus,sphenomandibular ligament

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16
Q

Muscles associated with First pharyngeal arch?

A 
Mylohyoid muscle 
Anterior belly of digastric muscle 
Muscles of mastication (Temporalis,masseter,medial and lateral pterygoid)
Tensor tympani
Tenso veli palatini
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17
Q

Function of tensor tympani

A

Its role is to dampen loud sounds, such as those produced from chewing, shouting, or thunder.

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18
Q

Origin and insertion of tensor tympani

A

Auditory tube

Handle of malleus

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19
Q

The tensor tympani is a muscle within the ——

A

middle ear,

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20
Q

Tensor veli palatini is located in the —— of skull

A

in the pterygoid fossa of skull

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21
Q

Second pharyngeal arch is also called the ——?

A

hyoid arch

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22
Q

——- pharyngeal arch enlarges and overthrows the——- arches by —- week

A

Second

3rd and 4th

5th

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23
Q

Which artery supplies the Second pharyngeal arch

A

2nd aortic arch

hyoid and stapedial artery

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24
Q

Second pharyngeal pouch gives?

A

Supra tonsillar fossa(a part of the tonsils)

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25
Q

Cartilage of the Second pharyngeal arch is ?

A

reichart’s cartilage

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26
Q

reichart’s cartilage evolves into ??

A

Stapes and styloid process of temporal bone and lesser hornu and upper portion of hyoid

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27
Q

Nerve associated with Second pharyngeal arch is —??

A

facial nerve

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28
Q

muscules associated with Second pharyngeal arch are?

A

Muscles of facial expression (like buccinator,orbicularis oculi,orbicularis oris, occipitalis,frontalis,auricularis.platysma)
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Stapedius

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29
Q

Ligament associated with Second pharyngeal arch??

A

Stylohyoid ligament

30
Q

Bones associated with Second pharyngeal arch are

A

Stapes, styloid process, lesser hornu and upper portion of hyoid bone

31
Q

Muscles of the Third pharyngeal arch

A

stylopharyngeus muscles

32
Q

Skeleton of the Third pharyngeal arch

A

greater hornu and lower portion of hyoid bone

33
Q

Nerve associated with Third pharyngeal arch

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

34
Q

Artery of the Third pharyngeal arch

A

Third aortic arch = internal carotid artery

35
Q

Derivative of Third pharyngeal pouch

Dorsal:
Ventral:

A

D: inferior parathyroid
V: thymus

36
Q

Function of parathyroid hormone

Function of thymus

A

Calcium regulation

Lymphocyte production, blood-thymic barrier

37
Q

Cartilage of the fourth pharyngeal arche

A

Laryngeal cartilages except epiglottis

38
Q

List the laryngeal cartilages except epiglottis

A

thyroid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

39
Q

Nerve associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch

A

superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

40
Q

Nerve associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus

41
Q

Artery associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch
Right:
Left:

A

Proximal portion of Subclavian artery

Aortic arch

42
Q

Artery associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch
Right:
Left:

A

R: pulmonary arteries
L: ductus arteriosus

43
Q

Fourth pharyngeal pouch gives?

Dorsal:
Ventral:

A

Dorsal epithelium: superior parathyroid gland that migrates to the back of the thyroid gland

Ventral epithelium: postbranchial/ultimobranchial body that migrates to fuse with the thyroid gland to give rise to C cells

44
Q

Another name for C cells

A

Parafollicular cells

45
Q

Functions of C cells

A

secrete calcitonin. That oppose the action of parathormone

46
Q

Muscles associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid

47
Q

Muscles associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch

A

Cricothyroid, constrictors of the pharynx and levator palatini

48
Q

endoderm of pouches contacts ectoderm of grooves

T/F

49
Q

What seperates grooves from pouches

A

double layered pharyngeal membrane

50
Q

First pharyngeal pouch expands into an elongated——-

A

tubotympanic recess

51
Q

How does the tubotympanic recess lead to a post-natal structure

Distal part:
Recess itself:
Proximal part:

A

distal part of the recess touches the first groove leading to formation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

  • the recess becomes tympanic cavity and cavity of mastoid
  • connection of the recess with the pharynx elongates to become the pharyngotympanic tube(auditory tube)
52
Q

Second pharyngeal pouch is totally obliterated as palatine tonsils develop
T/F

A

F. Second pouch

  • largely obliterated as palatine tonsils develop
  • but part remains as tonsillar fossa
53
Q

Lining of the tonsillar crypts is formed by ?

A

endoderm of the second pharyngeal pouch

54
Q

Function of tonsils

A

to trap germs (bacteria and viruses) which you may breathe in

55
Q

at about—-, the mesenchyme of the—— differentiates into——

A

20weeks

Second pharyngeal pouch

lymphoid tissue

56
Q

At what week is the inferior parathyroid formed

57
Q

Lobes of thymus share an artery, lymph vessel, and nerve

T/F

A

F. each lobe has its own blood supply, lymph drainage,and nerve supply

58
Q

PHARYNGEAL GROOVES visible on each side up to ——week

A

4th or 5th

59
Q

Which PHARYNGEAL GROOVES become a post natal structure

A

First pharyngeal groove

60
Q

What is derived from the first pharyngeal groove

A

External auditory meatus

61
Q

Pharyngeal groves beside the first one end in —-

A

Vertical slit-like depression called cervical sinus

62
Q

Cervical sinus gets obliterated to form the ..

A

Smooth contour of the neck

63
Q

By what week have the 2nd to the last pharyngeal groove been obliterated

64
Q

Floor of the pharyngeal groove is called the ——

A

Pharyngeal membrane

65
Q

branchial cyst,sinus,or fisTula :

opens on the - of the -

Caused by ——-

the opening is usually along the———

A

Side of the neck

persistence of groove or pouch

anterior border of the SCM

66
Q

What can lead to swelling of brachial cyst

A

Infection of upper respiratory tract

67
Q

Treatment of branchial cyst is?

A

Surgical excision

68
Q

Cause of piriform sinus fistula

A

When Tract of migration of ultimobranchial cells to the thyroid gland persists

69
Q

Embryonic Origin of epiglottis

A

From the mesenchyme of a prominence in the floor of the embryonic pharynx called the hypopharyngeal eminence

70
Q

Epiglottis is ultimately from which arches

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

71
Q

Digeoorge syndrome is caused by —-

A

Missing chromosome 22

Aplasia or hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroid glands

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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