Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Pharyngeal apparatus is also known as

branchial apparatus

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Branchial apparatus means

Gills

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Pharyngeal apparatus starts developing from—- day

Day 22

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PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS is involved in forming —— part of the embryo

cephalic end and face of embryo

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COMPONENTS OF THE PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS are??

arches

grooves
pouches
membranes

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Which pharyngeal arches are prominent and which aren’t

1-4 are prominent;5th is absent;6th is transient

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arches are separated by ——on the outside and by ——— on the inside

Grooves/clefts

Pouches

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First pharyngeal arch is also called?

mandibular arch

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Cartilage of First pharyngeal arch and what is derived from it

Meckel’s cartilage

Malleus,sphenomandibular ligament

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List the prominences of the First pharyngeal arch

State which is ventral or dorsal

State their derivatives

mandibular(ventral) and maxillary(dorsal)

maxillary dorsal prominence becomes the future maxilla,zygomatic bone, and squamous part of temporal bone
-mandibularry ventral part becomes the mandible
Malleus and incus

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Arterial supply of First pharyngeal arch?

1st aortic arch-maxillary artery

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First pharyngeal pouch gives?

Auditory/eustachian tube/pharngotympanic membrane(ventral end)

Tympanic cavity(distal end)

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First pharyngeal groove gives?

external auditory meatus

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Which nerve is associated with the First pharyngeal arch?

trigeminal nerve except the opthalamic division

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What ligaments are associated with First pharyngeal arch?

anterior ligament of malleus,sphenomandibular ligament

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Muscles associated with First pharyngeal arch?

Mylohyoid muscle 
Anterior belly of digastric muscle 
Muscles of mastication (Temporalis,masseter,medial and lateral pterygoid)
Tensor tympani
Tenso veli palatini

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Function of tensor tympani

Its role is to dampen loud sounds, such as those produced from chewing, shouting, or thunder.

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Origin and insertion of tensor tympani

Auditory tube

Handle of malleus

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The tensor tympani is a muscle within the ——

middle ear,

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Tensor veli palatini is located in the —— of skull

in the pterygoid fossa of skull

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Second pharyngeal arch is also called the ——?

hyoid arch

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——- pharyngeal arch enlarges and overthrows the——- arches by —- week

Second

3rd and 4th

5th

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Which artery supplies the Second pharyngeal arch

2nd aortic arch

hyoid and stapedial artery

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Second pharyngeal pouch gives?

Supra tonsillar fossa(a part of the tonsils)

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Cartilage of the Second pharyngeal arch is ?

reichart’s cartilage

reichart’s cartilage evolves into ??

Stapes and styloid process of temporal bone and lesser hornu and upper portion of hyoid

Nerve associated with Second pharyngeal arch is —??

facial nerve

muscules associated with Second pharyngeal arch are?

Muscles of facial expression (like buccinator,orbicularis oculi,orbicularis oris, occipitalis,frontalis,auricularis.platysma) Posterior belly of digastric muscle Stylohyoid muscle Stapedius

Ligament associated with Second pharyngeal arch??

Stylohyoid ligament

Bones associated with Second pharyngeal arch are

Stapes, styloid process, lesser hornu and upper portion of hyoid bone

Muscles of the Third pharyngeal arch

stylopharyngeus muscles

Skeleton of the Third pharyngeal arch

greater hornu and lower portion of hyoid bone

Nerve associated with Third pharyngeal arch

glossopharyngeal nerve

Artery of the Third pharyngeal arch

Third aortic arch = internal carotid artery

Derivative of Third pharyngeal pouch Dorsal: Ventral:

D: inferior parathyroid V: thymus

Function of parathyroid hormone | Function of thymus

Calcium regulation Lymphocyte production, blood-thymic barrier

Cartilage of the fourth pharyngeal arche

Laryngeal cartilages except epiglottis

List the laryngeal cartilages except epiglottis

thyroid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

Nerve associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch

superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

Nerve associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus

Artery associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch Right: Left:

Proximal portion of Subclavian artery | Aortic arch

Artery associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch Right: Left:

R: pulmonary arteries L: ductus arteriosus

Fourth pharyngeal pouch gives? Dorsal: Ventral:

Dorsal epithelium: superior parathyroid gland that migrates to the back of the thyroid gland Ventral epithelium: postbranchial/ultimobranchial body that migrates to fuse with the thyroid gland to give rise to C cells

Another name for C cells

Parafollicular cells

Functions of C cells

secrete calcitonin. That oppose the action of parathormone

Muscles associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid

Muscles associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch

Cricothyroid, constrictors of the pharynx and levator palatini

endoderm of pouches contacts ectoderm of grooves | T/F

What seperates grooves from pouches

double layered pharyngeal membrane

First pharyngeal pouch expands into an elongated——-

tubotympanic recess

How does the tubotympanic recess lead to a post-natal structure Distal part: Recess itself: Proximal part:

distal part of the recess touches the first groove leading to formation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) - the recess becomes tympanic cavity and cavity of mastoid - connection of the recess with the pharynx elongates to become the pharyngotympanic tube(auditory tube)

Second pharyngeal pouch is totally obliterated as palatine tonsils develop T/F

F. Second pouch - largely obliterated as palatine tonsils develop - but part remains as tonsillar fossa

Lining of the tonsillar crypts is formed by ?

endoderm of the second pharyngeal pouch

Function of tonsils

to trap germs (bacteria and viruses) which you may breathe in

at about—-, the mesenchyme of the—— differentiates into——

20weeks Second pharyngeal pouch lymphoid tissue

At what week is the inferior parathyroid formed

6th week

Lobes of thymus share an artery, lymph vessel, and nerve | T/F

F. each lobe has its own blood supply, lymph drainage,and nerve supply

PHARYNGEAL GROOVES visible on each side up to ——week

4th or 5th

Which PHARYNGEAL GROOVES become a post natal structure

First pharyngeal groove

What is derived from the first pharyngeal groove

External auditory meatus

Pharyngeal groves beside the first one end in —-

Vertical slit-like depression called cervical sinus

Cervical sinus gets obliterated to form the ..

Smooth contour of the neck

By what week have the 2nd to the last pharyngeal groove been obliterated

7th week

Floor of the pharyngeal groove is called the ——

Pharyngeal membrane

branchial cyst,sinus,or fisTula : opens on the - of the - Caused by ——- the opening is usually along the———

Side of the neck persistence of groove or pouch anterior border of the SCM

What can lead to swelling of brachial cyst

Infection of upper respiratory tract

Treatment of branchial cyst is?

Surgical excision

Cause of piriform sinus fistula

When Tract of migration of ultimobranchial cells to the thyroid gland persists

Embryonic Origin of epiglottis

From the mesenchyme of a prominence in the floor of the embryonic pharynx called the hypopharyngeal eminence

Epiglottis is ultimately from which arches

3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

Digeoorge syndrome is caused by —-

Missing chromosome 22 | Aplasia or hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroid glands