Posterior Triangle Of The Neck

Question 1

Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

Base
Apex
Anterior 
Posterior 
Roof
Floor

Answer 1

Middle 1/3 of clavicle
Meeting point of trapezius and SCM with superior nuchal lines
Posterior border of SCM
Anterior surface of trapezius
Investing deep cervical fascia and superficial fascia of platysma,external jugular vein,4 cutaneous nerves and vessels
Prevertebral fascia

Question 2

List the Muscles of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 2

Scalene muscles
Levator scapulae
Splenius capitis
Semispinalis capitis

Question 3

What divides the posterior triangle of the neck

And into what?

Answer 3

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Occipital triangle

Subclavian/supraclavicular triangle

Question 4

Origin and insertion of the splenius capitis muscle

Answer 4

C7-T3

Posterior Mastoid process

Question 5

Blood vessels in the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 5

Terminal part of external jugular vein
3rdpart of subclavian artery 
Subclavian vein
Transverse cervical artery and vein 
Suprascapular artery and vein
Occipital artery

Question 6

Mention 2 structures vulnerable to damage in the posterior triangle of t and how

Answer 6

External jugular vein: if cut, air enters ,blood gushed out and doesn’t close because of the deep cervical fascia. You can manage it by applying pressure till you get medical help

Spinal accessory nerve: during surgery

Question 7

List the Nerves in the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 7

Great auricular nerve C2,C3
Lesser occipital nerve C2
Transverse cervical nerve C2C3
Supraclavicular nerve C3,C4
Spinal accessory nerve 
Roots and trunks of brachial plexus
Cervical plexus
Muscular branches to trapezius and levator scapulae 
Dorsal scapula nerve

Question 8

What point is cervical nerve block administered

Answer 8

Junction between superior and middle part of SCM . Where the cutaneous nerves are emerging

Question 9

Where is brachial plexus block administered

Answer 9

Between first rib and skin above clavicle

Question 10

Contents of occipital triangle of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 10

Occipital artery 
Spinal accessory nerve 
Dorsal scapula nerve
Transverse cervical artery and vein
4 cutaneous nerves 
Lymph nodes
Root of brachial plexus 
Muscular nerve branches to trapezius and levator scapulae

Question 11

Contents of the subclavian triangle of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 11

3rd part Subclavian artery 
Subclavian vein
Beginning and end of transverse cervical artery and vein respectively 
Suprascapular artery and vein
Supraclavicular lymph nodes 
3 Trunks of brachial plexus 
Terminal part of external jugular vein 
Dorsal scapula arteries

Question 12

Swelling in the posterior triangle of the neck can be caused by

Answer 12

Enlargement of lymph nodes… especially the supraclavicular lymph nodes

Question 13

The left supraclavicular lymph node is also called?

Answer 13

Virchow’s lymph nodes

Question 14

Virchow’s lymph nodes are associated with cancer from ??

Answer 14

Abdominal organs, testes, etc

Question 15

Describe totrucollis AKA -

And list the types

Answer 15

Twisting of head one way and chin facing opposite way
Wry neck

Spasmodic torticollis
Reflex torticollis
Congenital torticollis

Question 16

Describe the types of torticollis

Answer 16

Spasmodic: painful contraction of trapezius and SCM on one side.. could be caused by exposure to cold or maladjustment of pillow

Reflex:irritated spinal accessory nerve causes by inflamed lymph nodes

Congenital:birth injury to the muscle

Question 17

What can cause permanent torticollis

Answer 17

Ischemia of the muscles

Question 18

Describe sternomastoid tumor

Answer 18

Swelling in middle third of SCM due to edema and ischemic necrosis caused by birth trauma

Question 19

Origin of Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 19

Sternal head: anterolateral SURAFCE of the manubium, below suprasternal notch . Rounded head

Clavicular head: flat head;medial third of the superior surface of the clavicle ; passes deep to sternal head

Question 20

Location of terminal part of internal jugular vein

Answer 20

Lesser supraclavicular fossa

Question 21

Another name for the greater supraclavicular fossa is ?

Answer 21

Supraclavicular triangle or subclavian triangle

Question 22

The platysma muscle surrounds the whole neck

T/F

Answer 22

F. Only the front and halfway into the sides

Question 23

Arrange the infrahyoid muscles from medial to lateral

Answer 23

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

Question 24

3 things directing in front of the Prevertebral fascia

Answer 24

Alar fascia, retro pharyngeal soace, buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 25

Carotid sheath encloses what?

Answer 25

Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

Question 26

Which is more anterior

Sternohyoid or sternothyroid muscle

Answer 26

Sternohyoid muscle

Question 27

Ansa cervicalis is a component of —- and supplies—-

Answer 27

Cervical plexus

Geniohyoid of suprahyoid
All infrahyoid except thyrohyoid

Question 28

Another name for virchow’s node beside left supraclavicular is?

Answer 28

Scalene or signal nodes

Question 29

Branches of the subclavian artery

Answer 29

V is vertebral artery
I is internal thoracic artery
T is thyrocervical trunk

C is Costocervical trunk

D is Dorsal Scapular artery

Question 30

Swellings in the posterior triangle of the neck can be due to ??
Besides virchow’s node

Answer 30

Lipoma
Lymphangioma/cystic hygroma
Cervical rib

Question 31

Describe lipoma

Answer 31

fatty lump most often situated between the skin and underlying muscle layer.
Lipomas are slow growing and usually harmless. Rarely, they can be cancerous. Some people have more than one.

Question 32

Describe cystic hygroma

Answer 32

/lymphangioma is a fluid-filled sac that results from a blockage in the lymphatic system . It is most commonly located in the neck or head area, but can be located anywhere in the body. It may be discovered in a fetus during a pregnancy ultrasound , or it may be apparent at birth as a soft bulge under the skin.