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ANA 203 > Nose > Flashcards

Nose Flashcards

1
Q

nose is the uppermost part of the respiratory tract

T/F

A

T

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2
Q

Nose contains the peripheral organ of ____.

  • The Greek Word for nose is _____.
  • Thus the study of the nose and its diseases is termed ______.
A

smell

rhinos

rhinology

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3
Q

functions of the nose includes Vocal resonance.
T/F

Nose is involved in Nasal reflex functions (e.g., _____).

A

T

sneezing

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4
Q

EXTERNAL NOSE

Skin of the nose

  • (thin or thick?)
  • (tightly or loosely?) attached to the underlying structures,hence it is ____
A

Thin

Loosely

freely mobile.

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5
Q

Skin of the external nose Over the apex and alae, is (thinner or thicker?) and more adherent and contains large sebaceous glands, whose orifices are usually very distinct.

-The (hypertrophy or hypotrophy?) of these sebaceous glands gives rise to a lobulated tumor—the ____.

A

Thicker

Hypertrophy

rhinophyma

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6
Q

Skeleton of the nose

-_____-third of the external nose is bony and ___–third is cartilaginous.

A

upper one

lower two

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7
Q

____bones forming the bridge of the nose and ____ process of the_____

A

2 nasal

frontal

maxillae

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8
Q

The two nasal bones meet in the midline and rest on the upper part of the ____ process of the ____ bone.

A

nasal

frontal

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9
Q

the nasal bones are held together between the ___ processes of the_____.

A

frontal

maxillae

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10
Q

The bony part of external nose terminates in front and below as the _________.

A

piriform aperture

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11
Q

The cartilaginous framework of the nose is formed by ____ main cartilages and several additional tiny ones.

A

five

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12
Q

The five main cartilages of the nose are as follows: ______ cartilages, ______cartilage,____ cartilages.

A

Two Superior lateral

A single median septal

Two major inferior alar

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13
Q

Nasal Cavity

  • interior of the nose is divided into right and left nasal cavities by a_____
  • nasal cavity communicates with the exterior through ______
  • communicates with the nasopharynx through the posterior nasal aperture (or the____)
A

nasal septum

nostril (or naris)

choana

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14
Q

Each nasal cavity is divided into two portions: (a) a small _____ part lined by ___,called the _____ and (b) a large ____ part lined by ______, called the ______

A

anteroinferior; skin; vestibule

posterosuperior;mucosa; nasal cavity proper.

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15
Q

Vestibule of the nose

  • (Superior or inferior?) to nostrils
  • lined by ___ that is lined with Sebaceous glands,Greasy secretion,Collect dirt,Lubricate,Kill bacteria
  • Its upper limit on the lateral wall of nasal cavity is marked by _____.
  • Its medial wall is formed by a (immobile or mobile?) _____.
A

Superior

skin

limen nasi

Mobile; columella

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16
Q

Sweat glands are (Acidic or alkaline?) and Slows growth of bacteria

A

Acidic

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17
Q

_____ of the nose Trap small particles of dirt

A

Hair follicles

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18
Q

Vibrissae are Nose hairs that Filter (large or small?) particles (eg _____)

A

Large

Insects

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19
Q

NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:
Roof
-very (narrow or broad?) in front
-is horizontal in the middle third where it is formed by the ______
-Anterior third , slopes down and forward(nasal spine of____ , nasal bone, junction of___ and ____ cartilages)
-posterior third also slopes down(anterior surfaces of _____)

A

Narrow

cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

frontal

septal and lateral

body of sphenoid

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20
Q

Roof of nasal cavity widens to about ____ cm near the ______.

A

1

choanae

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21
Q 
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:
Floor
-\_\_\_\_with its\_\_\_ process);Anterior\_\_/4
 -\_\_\_\_((vertical or horizontal plate?)):posterior\_\_/4
A

maxilla

palatine

3

palatine

Horizontal

1

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22
Q

NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:

Medial

  • nasal septum
  • bony part of septum is by _____and___
  • cartilagenous part is by ____cartilage, and___ process of the ____ cartilages
A

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

vomer

Anterior septal

septal

2 alar

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23
Q

Nasal septum is made of only bone

T/F

A

F

It’s osseocartilagenous

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24
Q

The nasal septum is rarely in the ____ line,usually bulges to the ____side

A

median

right

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25
Q

NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:

Lateral walls
– nasal bones,___,frontal process of maxilla
-superior and middle nasal conchae (____bone)
-inferior nasal conchae
-____plate of palatine bone
-(lateral or medial?) pterygoid plate of sphenoid
-lateral nasal cartilage
-(major or minor?) alar cartilage

A

lacrimal

ethmoid

perpendicular

Medial

Both😬

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26
Q

Palates

  • Hard palate- ____bones and____ bone
  • Soft palate-Muscular posterior portion
A

Palatine

maxillary

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27
Q

Feature of lateral wall of nasal cavity

Middle part:

  • atrium of the ___ meatus
  • is limited above by a faint ridge of mucous membrane, the _____.
  • The curved mucocutaneous junction between the ____ and ____ is known as ____.

Posterior

  • conchae or____.
  • spaces separating the conchae are called ___.
A

middle

agger nasi

atrium and vestibule

limen nasi

turbinates; meatuses

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28
Q

Nasal Conchae

  • aka ____
  • projects (medially or laterally?) and (upwards or downwards ?)
  • Below and lateral to each concha is a corresponding ______.
  • From above downwards the conchae are superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae.
  • Sometimes a 4th concha, the concha ____ is also present.
  • Functions to Filter air, Heat air, Moisten air and Reclaim heat and moisture during exhalation
A

turbinates

Medially

Downwards

meatus

suprema

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29
Q

____concha is smallest and_____ concha is largest in size.

A

superior

inferior

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30
Q

MEATUSES

  • passages (recesses) beneath the overhanging conchae.
  • A ___shaped depression, (above or below?) and (behind or infront of ?)the superior concha is known as the _____ recess
A

triangular

Above

Behind

sphenoethmoidal

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31
Q

Meatuses can be visualized without removing the conchae

T/F

A

F

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32
Q

______meatus is the largest

A

Inferior

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33
Q

middle meatus has the following features

  • Ethmoidal bulla (bulla ethmoidalis), a___ shape elevation produced by the underlying______
  • Hiatus semilunaris, a (shallow or deep?) semicircular sulcus (below or above?) the bulla ethmoidalis.
  • Infundibulum, a short passage at the (anterior or posterior ?) end of middle meatus
A

round

middle ethmoidal sinuses.

Deep

Below

Anterior

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34
Q

_____ meatus is the smallest

A

Superior

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35
Q

Openings of the lateral nasal wall
(1) Sphenoethmoidal recess: Opening of the ____ air sinus

(2) Superior meatus: Opening of the _____ air sinuses
(3) Inferior meatus: meatus Opening of the____ in the (anterior or posterior?)part of meatus

(4) Middle meatus
- On bulla:_____ air sinuses
- Anterior Hiatus Semilunaris:___ air sinus
- middle hiatus semilunaris: _____ air sinus
- posterior hiatus semilunaris : _____air sinus

A

sphenoidal

posterior ethmoidal

nasolacrimal duct

Anterior

middle ethmoidal

frontal

Anterior ethmoidal

maxillary

36
Q

Lining of Nasal Cavity

Respiratory region of the nasal cavity:

  • lined by respiratory epithelium (_____epithelium with ____ cells)
  • contains a large number of cavernous spaces and sinusoids to (warm or cool?)the air.
  • contains a large number of serous(makes air___ )and mucous glands(traps dust and other stuffs)
  • cilia on its mucous Membrane sweeps the mucous into the____ where it is swallowed and eliminated by the____
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

goblet

Warm

moist

pharynx

GIT

37
Q

Respiratory region of the nasal cavity is highly vascular

T/F

A

T

38
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

  • ___filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity
  • Lined by ___
  • They are lined by a ______epithelium
  • Located in_____,____,_____,____ bones
A

Air

mucosa

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Frontal; Ethmoid; Sphenoid; Maxilla

39
Q

The paranasal air sinuses develop as_____ of the main nasal cavity invading the adjacent bones

A

mucosal diverticula

40
Q

paranasal air sinuses are arranged in pairs except the _____ air sinuses, which are arranged in___ groups:

list them

A

ethmoidal

three

viz. anterior, middle, and posterior

41
Q

The sinuses exhibit two spurts of growth, viz:First around ___years (during the______)

Second at_____.

A

7–8 ;eruption of the teeth

puberty

42
Q

All the paranasal air sinuses are present in rudimentary form at birth except the _____ air sinuses, which_____

A

frontal

start developing 2 or 3 years after birth.

43
Q

The relationship of the paranasal sinuses to the orbit

____air sinus above
____air sinus below
____ air sinus medial to
_____air sinus behind

A

frontal

maxillary

ethmoidal

sphenoidal

44
Q

FUNCTIONS of paranasal sinuses

  • Make the skull (lighter or heavier?)
  • Act as air conditioning chambers by adding____and ____ to the inspired air
A

Lighter

humidity and temperature

45
Q

Paranasal sinuses Add resonance to the voice

T/F

A

T

46
Q

Paranasal sinuses Aid in the growth of facial skeleton after birth
T/F

A

T

47
Q

CLASSIFICATION of paranasal sinuses

  • Anterior group: It includes those sinuses, which drain into the middle meatus, and they are: ___, ____,____, and____ sinuses
  • Posterior group: It includes those sinuses, which do not drain into the middle meatus, viz. _____ and ____ air sinuses.
A

Frontal

anterior ethmoidal

middle ethmoidal

maxillary

posterior ethmoidal

sphenoidal

48
Q

FRONTAL SINUS

  • lies between the __ and ____tables of the frontal bone
  • deep to medial part of the_____
  • They are____ in shape.
  • The right and left sinuses are usually(equal or unequal?) in size
  • The right is frequently ( larger or smaller?) than the left and separated from it by a____.
  • Each sinus drains into the ____ part of the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus through ____ duct.
A

inner and outer

superciliary arch.

triangular

Unequal

Larger

septum

anterior

frontonasal

49
Q

Frontal sinuse is often symmetrical.

T/F

A

F

Rarely symmetrical

50
Q

RELATIONS of frontal sinus

  • Anterior wall-____
  • Posterior wall -___ and ____
  • Inferior wall -____ of nose, ___ of orbit (medial part), and ____ air cells.
  • inmervated by ____ nerve
A

superciliary arch of forehead

meninges and frontal lobe

root; roof

ethmoidal

supraorbital

51
Q

Ethmoid Sinus

  • located between the (upper or lower?) part of the (medial or lateral?) nasal wall and the orbit.
  • divided into the following three groups:
  • Anterior, consisting of up to ___ cells.
  • Middle, consisting of ___ cells but usually___ cells
  • Posterior, consisting of ____ cells.
A

Upper

Lateral

11

1–3;3

1–7

52
Q

First paranasal sinus to develop is the ____ sinus

A

Maxillary

53
Q

Maxillary Sinus

  • aka_____
  • drains into the _____ part of hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus.

Development

  • appears about the ___ month of intrauterine life
  • is ____ at birth
  • enlarges (slowly or rapidly?) during _-_years
  • becomes fully developed at____ after the eruption of ____ teeth.
A

antrum of highmore

posterior

4th

rudimentary

Rapidly

6–7

puberty; permanent

54
Q

of maxillary sinus

  • _____in shape
  • the base directed (medially or laterally?) towards the ___ wall of the nose
  • apex (medially or laterally?) towards the___ bone.
A

pyramidal

Medially ; lateral

Laterally; zygomatic

55
Q

Relations of maxillary sinus

  • roof=_____ of ____
  • Floor= ____ of ___and lies about___ cm below the floor of the nasal cavity. The level of the floor corresponds to the level of the ___ of nose.
A

floor of orbit

alveolar process of maxilla

1.25

ala

56
Q

largest of paranasal air sinuses is ____

A

Maxillary

57
Q

___of teeth can project into the floor of maxillary sinus mostly ___ and ___ —— and most rarely the____

A

roots

first and second molar

canine

58
Q

Arterial Supply of maxillary sinus

-anterior, middle, and posterior ______ arteries from ____ and ____arteries.

A

superior alveolar

maxillary and infraorbital

59
Q

Sphenoidal Sinus

  • lie within the body of the sphenoid bone above
  • lies infront of the nasal cavity.
  • separated from each other by a cartilaginous septum
  • The two sinuses are usually asymmetrical

T/F

A

T
F(behind)
F(bony)
T

60
Q

Development of sphenoidal sinus

*Arise within the ____

A

nasal capsule

61
Q

Sphenoidal sinus arises during development with or without pouch?

A

Without

62
Q

Sphenoidal sinus begins to pneumatize by Age ___

A

3

63
Q

Sphenoidal sinus is posteroinferior to sella turcica

T/F

A

F

It’s anterior and inferior

64
Q

Relations of sphenoidal sinus
-Above:____ and _____

-Below: Roof of the ____.

Lateral: ____ sinus and _____artery

Behind: ___ and____

In front: _____ recess

A

Pituitary gland and optic chiasma.

nasopharynx

Cavernous; internal carotid

Pons; medulla oblongata.

Sphenoethmoidal

65
Q

Sphenoidal sinusitis:

  • It is usually a part of ____
  • or is associated with the infection of _______ sinuses.
  • The infection of sphenoidal air sinuses spreading upwards may affect the____ and ___
A

pansinusitis

posterior ethmoidal

pituitary gland and optic chiasma.

66
Q

Isolated sphenoidal sinusitis is common

T/F

A

F

67
Q

Ethmoidal sinusitis:

-The pain is localized over the____ of ____

A

bridge of nose

68
Q

Ethmoidal sinusitis is often isolated from other sinuses.

T/F

A

F

69
Q

Frontal sinusitis:

  • Infection of frontal air sinus may spread posteriorly into the ____ cranial fossa causing ___ lobe abscess
  • infection may also spread downwards into the____ leading to ____
  • The pain of frontal sinusitis is usually (mild or severe?) and localized over the affected sinus (frontal ____. It is also referred to as ‘’ because of its presence during ____.)
A

anterior; frontal

orbit; orbital cellulitis.

Severe

headache

office headache

office hours

70
Q

Frontal sinus shows characteristic periodicity

T/F

A

T

71
Q

Frontal sinus Periodicity means it starts on ____, gradually ___eases and reaches its___ by about____ and then starts _____.

A

waking

incr

peak

midday

subsiding

72
Q

Sinusitis:

  • The infection of a paranasal air sinus is called sinusitis.
  • Clinically it presents as: ___ and persistent____ from the nose.
A

headache

thick purulent discharge

73
Q

In standard radiological images, the normal paranasal air sinuses are _____, whereas diseased paranasal sinuses show varying degree of_____

A

radiolucent

opacity

74
Q

Examination of the nasal cavity (______):

-either through the nostril (_____) or through the pharynx (_____).

A

Rhinoscopy

anterior rhinoscopy

posterior rhinoscopy

75
Q

Anterior rhinoscopy: things that can be visualized

___and__ conchae

______meatuses

______

_____of the nasal cavity.

A

Middle and inferior

Superior middle and inferior

Nasal septum

Floor

76
Q

Posterior rhinoscopy: It is carried out by inserting a mirror into the____ . The following features can be visualized by this method ,______, ____concha,____

A

pharynx

posterior Nasal septum

superior

chonae

77
Q

Rhinitis

  • It is the inflammation of____ lining the nasal cavity.
  • Clinically it presents as: nasal blockage, sneezing, and water discharge from nose (_____).
A

mucus membrane

rhinorrhea

78
Q

The ___trophy of mucosa over____ concha is a common feature of allergic rhinitis.

A

hyper

inferior

79
Q

Little’s area: It is an area in the____ part of the nasal septum just (above or below?) the vestibule. Here the septal branches of the anterior ethmoidal sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and superior labial arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus called_____.

A

anteroinferior

Above

Kiesselbach’s plexus

80
Q

Little’s area is highly vascular.

T/F

A

T

81
Q

The _____ area of nasal septum is the commonest site of ____ (aka _____) in children and young adults usually due to ____ trauma following___ of the nose.

A

Little’s

epistaxis

nose bleeding

finger nail

picking

82
Q

Deviated nasal septum (DNS):

-if serious, can be fixed by ______ or _____

A

submucous resection

septoplasty

83
Q

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is rare

T/F

A

F

84
Q

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) occurs more in _____ gender

A

male than female

85
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF SEPTUM

  • Septal branch of the ___ artery
  • Septal branch of the _____artery
  • Septal branch of the _____ artery
  • Septal branch of the _____artery(maxillary)
  • Septal branch of the _____artery(facial)
A

anterior ethmoidal

posterior ethmoidal

sphenopalatine

greater palatine

superior labial

86
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF LATERAL WALL

  • Anterosuperior quadrant, by the____ artery
  • Anteroinferior quadrant, by branches of ___ and ____ arteries.
  • Posterosuperior quadrant, by ____ artery
  • Posteroinferior quadrant, by branches of _____ artery, which pierces the perpendicular plate of palatine
A

anterior ethmoidal

facial; greater palatine

sphenopalatine; greater palatine

87
Q

——- is the common site of venous bleeding in young individuals

A

Retrocolumellar veins

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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