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ANA 203 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx is popularly called ——

A

aka the throat

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2
Q

Length of pharynx

A

about 12-14cm

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3
Q

Which axis of the pharynx is broader /narrower between transverse axis and anteroposterior axis

A

broader transversely than antero-posteriorly

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4
Q

The pharynx provides a pathway for——— and———

A

swallowing

respiration

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5
Q

food and air do not cross each other in the pharynx .

T/F

A

F. They do

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6
Q

The pharynx provides support for surrounding structures like the——,______,———-, etc

A

palate

auditory tube

tongue

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7
Q

The pharynx runs from - to -

A

from behind the nasal cavity to behind the inferior border of the larynx(cricoid cartilage)

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8
Q

The pharynx is continuous with the——

A

esophagus

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9
Q

——- seperates the oral and nasal cavity

A

Palate

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10
Q

Anterior palate is the——- palate and posterior palate is the——- palate

A

hard

soft

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11
Q

List the SUBDIVISIONS of the pharynx and their nicknames

A
  • nasopharynx /epipharynx
  • oropharynx/mesopharynx
  • laryngopharynx/hypopharynx
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12
Q

most cephalic portion of the pharynx is the ———-

A

nasopharynx

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13
Q

The nasopharynx runs from the —— to the ——-

A

begins at the limit of the nasal cavity and ends at the pharyngeal isthmus

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14
Q

The nasopharynx transmits ——

A

Air only

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15
Q

———wall of nasopharynx has——— that allow——— to the———- for————-

A

lateral

an opening for the auditory tube

air passage

middle ear

balancing

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16
Q

The opening in the nasopharynx can be felt using the——-

A

sides of the tongue

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17
Q

pharyngeal isthmus is a——- created around the level of the——-

A

constriction

palates

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18
Q

What forms the pharyngeal isthmus

A

it’s formed by the soft palate, the palatopharyngeal arches, and the posterior wall of the pharynx of this region

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19
Q

Pharyngeal isthmus closes during ——— to prevent ——-

A

Swallowing

to prevent upward movement of food

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20
Q

Pharyngeal recess/fossa of——- connects the middle ear to ——-

A

rosenmüller

The opening on the nasopharynx

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21
Q

Pharyngeal recess contains——— nodes called———

A

retropharyngeal

nodes of rouvier

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22
Q

OROPHARYNX begins at the ——- and ends at the———

A

begins at isthmus and ends at superior border of epiglottis

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23
Q

What passes through the OROPHARYNX?

A

Both food and air

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24
Q

laryngopharynx begins from - to -

A

begins from level of superior border of epiglottis to level of inferior border of cricoid cartilage

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25
Q

——— passes through the laryngopharynx

A

Just food

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26
Q

List the layers that make up the structure of the pharynx

A

Mucous membranes
fibrous coat
muscular coat
fascial coat

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27
Q

Epithelial lining for :

nasopharynx

  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
A

N: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
O: non keratinized stratified squamous
L: non keratinized stratified squamous

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28
Q

The fibrous coat layer of the pharynx is also called the ——-

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

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29
Q

——- overlies the mucous membranes of the pharynx

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

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30
Q

The fibrous coat layer of the pharynx is thickest———- and diminishes in thickness as you go——- and is———

A

superiorly

lower

gradually lost

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31
Q

The fibrous coat layer of the pharynx forms a ———posteriorly where———- attach

A

median raphe

pharyngeal muscles

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32
Q

———- forms bulk of the pharynx

A

Muscular coat(muscles)

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33
Q

fascial coat layer of the pharynx is also called the ——-

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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34
Q

List the muscles in the—— circular layer and——- longitudinal layer of the pharynx

A

Outer: Inferior constrictor muscle
Middle constrictor muscle
Superior constrictor muscle

Inner: Stylopharyngeus muscle
Saloingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle

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35
Q

Outer muscles layer of the pharynx function is to ——?

Inner muscles layer of the pharynx function is to ——?

A

Outer: To constrict lumen;propel food

Inner: manipulate length

36
Q

thickest of the 3 constrictior muscles is ——-?

A

Inferior constrictor muscle

37
Q

Origin of the Inferior constrictor muscle

Direction of fiber.

Insertion;

A

Thyroid cartilage (thyropharyngeal part) and Cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeal part)

fibers run postero medially

inserted into the median raphe

38
Q

Shape of the middle constrictor muscle

A

Fan shaped

39
Q

Origin of Middle constrictor muscle

A

origin is upper border of greater Cornu of hyoid bone and lower border of lesser Cornu of hyoid bone

40
Q

Direction of fibers of Middle constrictor muscle

A

the fibers diverge from their origin

  • the lower fibers run inferiorly to attach to the median raphe beneath the inferior constrictor muscle
  • the middle fibers just run transversely
  • the upper fibers run superiorly to attach to the median raphe and overlaps with superior constrictor muscle
41
Q

Shape of Superior constrictor muscle

A

it’s a quadrilateral msucle; has origin from 4 places

42
Q

Origin of Superior constrictor muscle

A

Glossopharyngeal-posterior tongue
Mylopharyngeal-alveolar process of mandible
Buccopharyngeal-pterygomandibular raphe
Pterygopharyngeal-lower border of posterior margin of medial pterygoid plate

43
Q

Direction of fibers of Superior constrictor muscle

A

fibers runs downwards and posterior to insert into the median raphe

44
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle Originates from——-,runs——- to enter the———

A

styloid process of temporal bone

vertically downward

bulk of the muscles of the pharynx

45
Q

Palatopharyngeus muscle originates from——-,runs—— to enter the———-

A

palate in the roof of the mouth

vertically downward

bulk of the muscles of the pharynx

46
Q

Compare the fiber shapes of the Stylopharyngeus muscle and the Palatopharyngeus muscle

A

S: the muscle is long, slender, rounded top,flat bottom

P: it’s a long fleshy fasciculus that is narrower at the middle than at the end

47
Q

What is a fasciculus

A

a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibres

48
Q

Salpingopharyngeus muscle originates from——-in the nasal cavity then pass——- to blend with the———

A

Eustachian tube

downward

fibers of the palatopharyngeus muscle

49
Q

What arteries supply the pharynx

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery from ECA

Lingual artery fromECA

Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery (from facial artery).

Greater palatine and pharyngeal artery (from maxillary artery).

50
Q

Sensory nerves of the pharynx:

Motor nerves of the pharynx:

A

Sensory- CN9

Motor - CN10

51
Q

Sensory and motor nerves of the pharynx do not form anastomoses around the pharynx .
T/F

A

F. both form anastomoses around the pharynx

52
Q

Width of pharynx

A
  1. 5cm above

1. 5cm at pharyngoesophageal junction.

53
Q

Posterior boundary of the pharynx

A

Prevertebral fascia in front of cervical spine.

54
Q

Superior boundary of the pharynx

A

Base of skull including the posterior part of the body of sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone

55
Q

Types of isthmus??

A

Oropharyngeal

Nasopharyngeal/pharyngeal

56
Q

Anterior and lateral wall of nasopharynx is made of?

A

Anterior: posterior nasal apertures separated by the posterior edge of nasal septum.

Lateral: Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid.

57
Q

Location of pharyngeal tonsil

A

junction of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx.

58
Q

A mucous diverticulum called —— aka——— extends upwards into the substance of nasopharyngeal tonsil from its apex

A

nasopharyngeal bursa

pouch of Luschka

59
Q

Sometimes a small dimple is seen in the mucous membrane above the————. It represents the remains of——

A

pharyngeal tonsil

Rathke’s pouch.

60
Q

Possible location of craniopharyngioma is ???

A

Rathke’s pouch

61
Q

the pharyngotympanic tube lies at the level of the—— nasal concha and—- cm behind it.

A

inferior

1.25

62
Q

The upper and posterior margins of auditory tube orifice on pharynx are bounded by a ———-, which is produced by ——-

A

tubal elevation

tubal tonsil.

63
Q

deep depression behind the tubal elevation is called ______?

A

pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller).

64
Q

the nasopharynx resembles the nose.

T/F

65
Q

The infection from pharynx can easily pass into middle ear through——-

A

pharyngotympanic tube.

66
Q

What are adenoids??

A

Enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsils due to infection

67
Q

Adenoids make —- obligatory

A

Mouth-breathing

68
Q

The nasopharyngeal tonsils are:
Prominent at what age:
Undergo atrophy till what age:
Complete gone by what age:

A

6
Puberty
20

69
Q

U-shaped muscle loop on posterior wall of pharynx is called ——- and acts as a ——-

A

Passavant ridge

Palatopharyngeal sphincter

70
Q

Match the subdivisions of the pharynx to a vertebrae level .

nasopharynx

  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
A

C1
-C2,Part of C3’s body
C3,C4,C5,C6

71
Q

glossoepiglottic folds connect the—- to ——

A

Anterior surface (median fold) and edge (lateral fold) of epiglottis

To the tongue

72
Q

——- are shallow fossae between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds.

A

Epiglottic valleculae

73
Q

Which isthmus is closed during deglutition

74
Q

Food in air tract =——-

Air in food tract =_____

A

Choking

Belching

75
Q

Another name for belching is??

A

Eructation

76
Q

the narrowest part of the GIT except appendix is——?

A

pharyngoesophageal junction

77
Q

Waldeyer’s ring is an——- at the—- end of the ———

A

interrupted ‘circle of tonsils’

upper

respiratory and alimentary tracts).

78
Q

List what makes up the waldeyer’s ring

A

Palatine tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Tubal tonsils

79
Q

The potential gap posteriorly between the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus is called———. The——— of the pharynx may bulge through this weak area to form a———

A

pharyngeal dimple or Killian’s dehiscence

mucosa and submucosa

pharyngeal pouch/zenker’s diverticulum

80
Q

Sensory INNERVATION of :

nasopharynx

  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
A

N:pharyngeal branch of C
V2
O:cn9
L:internal laryngeal nerve

81
Q

PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS lies on the posterolateral aspect of the pharynx over the——- constrictor underneath the———-

A

middle

buccopharyngeal fascia

82
Q

Pharyngeal plexus is formed by——

A

Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

Pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Pharyngeal branch from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.

83
Q

The venous blood from pharynx is largely drained into——-,is situated on the ———of the pharynx over the middle constrictor. It drains into the———-

A

pharyngeal venous plexus

posterolateral aspect

internal jugular vein.

84
Q

The lymph from pharynx is drained into the——

A

upper and lower deep cervical lymph nodes

85
Q

Only muscle of the pharynx not innervated by vagus nerve of the pharyngeal plexus is _____?

A

The stylopharyngeus is the only muscle in the pharynx innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

86
Q

Nasopharynx contains the Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

T/F

A

F

It’s behind it

87
Q

The piriform recess of the ____pharynx is where ____ or ____ may become ____

A

Laryngo

Food or foreign objects

Trapped

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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