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ANA 203 > ORBIT > Flashcards

ORBIT Flashcards

1
Q

Shape of the orbit

A

pyramidal

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2
Q

Each orbit is a——-sided—— with apex directed—- at the—— and base directed—-,represented by the——

A

four

pyramid

behind

optic canal

forward

orbital margin

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3
Q

The medial walls of two orbits are—— to each other but the lateral walls are——- to each other

A

parallel

set at right angle

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4
Q

The long axis of each orbit (——axis) passes—— and——-

A

orbital

backwards

medially

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5
Q

distance between the 2 medial walls of the orbit is——

A

2.5cm

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6
Q

optic fiber is myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

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7
Q

Thinnest and thickest walls of the orbit are?

A

Medial

Lateral

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8
Q

Medial wall of the orbit is formed by???

A

Frontal process of maxilla.

  • Lacrimal process of maxilla.
  • Orbital plate of ethmoid
  • Body of sphenoid.
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9
Q

Lateral wall of the orbit is formed by???

A

Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone in front

-Orbital surface of greater wing of sphenoid behind.

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10
Q

Floor of the orbit is formed by???

A

Orbital surface of the body of maxilla

  • Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone, anterolaterally.
  • Orbital process of the palatine bone, posteromedially.
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11
Q

Roof of the orbit is formed by???

A

Orbital plate of the frontal bone in front

-Lesser wing of the sphenoid behind.

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12
Q

List two features of Medial wall of the orbit

A

Lacrimal fossa

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

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13
Q

Lacrimal fossa Is bounded in front by the—— of —- and behind by the——- of the—- bone.

A

anterior lacrimal crest

maxilla

posterior lacrimal crest

lacrimal

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14
Q

The lacrimal fossa communicates with the nasal cavity through———.

A

nasolacrimal canal

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15
Q

The lacrimal fossa and nasolacrimal canal contain—- and——, respectively.

A

lacrimal sac

nasolacrimal duct

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16
Q

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina lie at the———

A

junction between medial wall and the roof of the orbit.

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17
Q

List the two features of the Lateral wall of the orbit

A

Zygomatic foramen

Whitnall’s tubercle

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18
Q

—- and —- can pass through the Zygomatic foramen

A

zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerves.

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19
Q

Whitnall’s tubercle is a—— just behind the ——-and slightly—— the———

A

small bony tubercle

lateral orbital margin

below

frontozygomatic suture.

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20
Q

List the two features of the Floor of the orbit

A

Infraorbital groove and canal

Small rough impression in anteromedial angle for origin of inferior oblique muscle.

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21
Q

Route that leads to the Infraorbital foramen.

Originating from the ——the ——is the—— part of the IOC/G. It is followed by the —-which is covered by the—— and terminates at the infraorbital foramen

A

inferior orbital fissure

infraorbital groove

posterior

infraorbital canal

orbital floor

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22
Q

Roof Presents three features. List them and which part of the roof they can be found

A

Fossa for lacrimal gland in the anterolateral part

Trochlear notch or spine at the anteromedial angle

Optic canal at the extreme posterior part of the roof.

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23
Q

The trochlea of——muscle is a—— structure in the eye

-The—— of the ——muscle passes through it.

A

superior oblique

pulley-like

tendon

superior oblique

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24
Q

The apex of the orbit Lies at the—- end of the orbit and is formed by——
-More precisely it is formed by the—— between—— and——

A

posterior

sphenoid

centre of the bony bridge

optic canal

superior orbital fissure.

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25
Q

Base of the orbit is Open and—in shape

A

quadrangular

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26
Q

Supraorbital margin formed by the—— bone and presents a notch called the—— notch or foramen at the junction of———

A

frontal

supraorbital

its lateral two-third and medial one-third

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27
Q

Infraorbital margin of the orbit is formed by the—- bone—- and—-bone ——
-it is continuous with—— crest___

A

zygomatic; laterally

maxilla; medially

anteriorlacrimal

medially

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28
Q

——-orbital margin is ill-defined

A

Medial orbital margin

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29
Q

Medial orbital margin is formed by the——- bone—— and—— of the ——process of—— ——

A

frontal; above

lacrimal crest

frontal

maxilla

below

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30
Q

Lateral orbital margin is formed by ——- above and—— below

A

zygomatic process of the frontal bone

frontal process of the zygomatic bone

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31
Q

The margins of the orbit are readily palpable in vivo.

T/F

A

T

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32
Q

The orbital margins provide a fair bony protection to the eye except at the——- margin.

A

lateral

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33
Q

Protective eye guards don’t permit good peripheral vision..

T/F

A

F

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34
Q 
RELATIONS OF ORBIT
-Above 
——-and———
-Lateral
——-and ——-behind. 
-Below
———
-Medial
———-
A

Anterior cranial fossa; frontal air sinus (usually).

Temporal fossa in front; middle cranial fossa

Maxillary air sinus

Ethmoidal air sinuses.

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35
Q

ORBITAL FASCIA aka——-

  • lines the ——-of the orbit
  • forms a——- -shaped fascial sheath that———
A

PERIORBITA

bony boundaries

funnel

encloses the orbital contents

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36
Q

ORBITAL FASCIA is loosely attached to the bones.

T/F

A

T

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37
Q

ORBITAL FASCIA can be easily stripped off especially from——- and ——-of the orbit.

A

roof

medial wall of

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38
Q

At the—- and superior orbital fissure, periorbita becomes continuous with the periosteum lining the—— of the skull (called the ——).

A

optic canal

interior

endocranium

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39
Q

At the——- fissure and——, periorbita becomes continuous with the periosteum covering the——- surface of the skull (called the ——)

A

infraorbital

orbital margins

external; periosteum

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40
Q

——nerve and vessels and—— nerve lie outside the orbital periosteum, hence—— in the contents of the orbit.

A

Infraorbital

zygomatic

not included

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41
Q

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES are classified into two groups:—- and___.

A

voluntary ;involuntary

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42
Q

There are ——-VOLUNTARY extraocular MUSCLES.—— muscles move the eyeball and—- muscle moves the——

A

seven

six

one

upper eyelid.

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43
Q

List the voluntary extraocular muscles moving the eyeball

A

Four recti muscles

  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Lateral rectus.

Two oblique muscles

  • Superior oblique
  • Inferior oblique.
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44
Q

The voluntary extraocular muscle which moves the upper eyelid is called———

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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45
Q

There are ——-INVOLUNTARY extraocular MUSCLES

A

three

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46
Q

List the INVOLUNTARY extraocular MUSCLES

A

Orbitalis
Superior tarsal
Inferior tarsal

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47
Q

Another name for superior tarsal is ——-

A

Muller’s muscle

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48
Q

All the recti muscles of the eye arise from the——

A

corresponding margins of the common tendinous ring.

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49
Q

——-rectus arises by two heads.

A

lateral

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50
Q

The common tendinous ring encloses the optic canal and—— part of the——-

A

middle

superior orbital fissure.

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51
Q

common tendinous ring is attached medially to —— of the orbit and laterally to a small tubercle (tubercle of ——) on the—— border of ——

A

apex

Zinn

lower

superior orbital fissure.

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52
Q

All the recti muscles of the eye are inserted into—— little posterior to the——- in front of the——- of the eyeball.

A

sclera

limbus

equator

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53
Q

Limbus of the eyeball is also know as——?

A

corneoscleral junction

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54
Q 
Average distance of the recti muscles from limbus is: 
Medial rectus -mm 
Inferior rectus— mm 
Lateral rectus—- mm 
Superior rectus —-mm
A

5mm

6

7
8

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55
Q

Superior oblique

Origin:
-from——— that’s superomedial to the——

Insertion

  • into——;—— the equator
  • between—- and—- rectus
A

body of Sphenoid

optic canal

sclera; behind

superior; lateral

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56
Q

Inferior oblique

Origin:
-from rough impression in—- part of the—— of the orbital Cavity,—— to lacrimal groove

Insertion
-into—- ;—- the equator

A

anteromedial; floor; lateral

sclera; behind

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57
Q

Between superior and inferior oblique muscles of the eye, whose insertion point is lower and which is more posterior

A

Lower-inferior oblique

More back-inferior oblique

58
Q

Elevation and depression of the eyeball occurs around the——- axis passing through the equator.

Adduction and abduction of the eyeball occurs
around the——- axis passing through the equator.
Rotation (torsion) of the eye occurs around the——- axis

A

transverse

vertical

anteroposterior

59
Q

When —- o’clock position of the cornea rotates—-, it is called—— and when it rotates—-, it called——.

A

12

medially

intorsion

laterally

extorsion

60
Q 
Actions of :
Superior rectus (SR) of the eye is ——-, ——-,  and——.

Superior oblique (SO): ——, ——, and——.

A

elevation adduction intorsion

depression abduction intorsion

61
Q 
Actions of : 
Inferior rectus (IR) of the eye is ——, ——,  and——

. Inferior oblique (IO): ——, ——, and——.

A

depression ;adduction;extorsion

elevation ; abduction; extorsion

62
Q

Action of :

Medial rectus (MR) of the eye is——

Lateral rectus (LR): ———.

A

adduction.

abduction

63
Q

The fascia bulbi

  • aka——
  • is a ——that envelops the—-
  • extends from—- to the——
  • It is separated from the sclera by the—-
  • forms a socket for the eyeball to facilitate——
  • It separates the eyeball from——-
  • pierced by—— and —— muscles
  • pierced by—— nerves and vessels around entrance of optic nerve
A 
Tenon’s  capsule 
loose membranous sheath ; eyeball
optic nerve; sclerocorneal junction. 
episcleral space.
free ocular movements.
orbital fat 
4Recti,2oblique
ciliary
64
Q

Lacrimal gland: exocrine or endocrine??

65
Q

LACRIMAL GLAND is a—— type of exocrine gland

A

tubulo-acinar

66
Q

LACRIMAL GLAND secretes——-.

And consists of two parts: —- and—-.

A

watery lacrimal fluid

orbital

palpebral

67
Q

The orbital part of the lacrimal gland is located in the—— on the—- part of the—- of the orbit
- palpebral part is located in—- part of the——

A

lacrimal fossa; anterolateral; roof

lateral; upper eyelid

68
Q

ORBITAL FAT

-It fills up the space between the—-, ——, and——- muscles.

A

eyeball

optic nerve

cone of four rectus

69
Q

Orbital fat serves as a cushion to stabilize the eyeball during its movements.
T/F

70
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the eye?

A

There are no lymphatics in the eyeball.!!!!!

71
Q

Occulomotor nerve has —- divisions?

72
Q

The—- divisions of oculomotor nerve enter the orbit through——- of the skull within the———

A

two

superior orbital fissure

common tendinous ring

73
Q

the——- nerve lies between the two divisions of the occulomotor nerve

A

nasociliary

74
Q

The smaller division of the occulomotor nerve runs forwards and—— the optic nerve and supplies the —- rectus, then pierces it to supply the ——-

A

above

superior

levator palpebrae superioris.

75
Q

The larger division passes—— the optic nerve and ——-to supply —— rectus, —- rectus, and —— oblique.

A

below

divides into three branches

medial

inferior

inferior

76
Q

Trochlear Nerve

-enter the orbit through——and ——- the common tendinous ring

A

superior orbital fissure

superolateral to

77
Q

Abducent Nerve enter the orbit through —— and—— the common tendinous ring

A

superior orbital fissure

within

78
Q

——- nerve runs lateral to the 2 divisions of the occulomotor nerve and nasociliary nerve

A

Abducens nerve

79
Q

Strabismus/squint:

-occurs when a———. The—— side squints. Causes—— vision because——-

A

nerve of a voluntary muscle is paralyzed

other

double

light entering the affected eye won’t land on the macula

80
Q

Paralysis of levator palpebrae superioris:

  • Paralysis of levator palpebrae superioris due to involvement of the oculomotor nerve leads to —— (aka ——-).
  • The lesion of——- (as in——) leads to —— as it affects only——- part of LPS.
A

complete ptosis

drooping of upper eyelid

cervical sympathetic chain

Horner’s syndrome

partial ptosis

smooth muscle

81
Q

If suspensory ligament of—— of the eye remains intact when the floor of the orbit is fractured or the maxilla is removed surgically, the eyeball does not sag.
T/F

A

Lockwood

T

82
Q

Enucleation is the surgical procedure that involves removal of the———-, with preservation of——-

A

entire eye and its intraocular contents

all other periorbital and orbital structure

83
Q

An evisceration of the eye is the removal of the—-, leaving the——-

A

eye’s contents

scleral shell and extraocular muscles intact

84
Q

The central artery of retina

  • is an example of a ——-artery.
  • Its damage produces ——-on the ——side of the lesion.
A

typical end

sudden total blindness

Same

85
Q

The ciliary ganglion is blocked to produce—— of pupil before——.

A

dilatation

cataract extraction

86
Q

Arteries which do not anastomose with their neighbors are called——-

A

end arteries.

87
Q

The orbits are seperated from one another by —— sinus and ——- parts of —— cavity

A

Ethmoidal

Upper
Nasal

88
Q

Dimensions of the orbit

Volume:—-
Horizontal rim:—-
Vertical rim—-
Intra orbital width——
Extra orbital width——
Medial depth——
Lateral depth——
A 
30ml
40mm
35cm
25mm
100mm
42mm
50mm
89
Q

Medial wall:
——— thick
——- long
Majorly formed by lamina ——-

A

0.2-0.4mm
4.4-5cm
Lamina papyracea

90
Q

Medial to upper part of lacrimal fossa is ——-

Medial to lower part of lacrimal fossa is ———

A

Anterior Ethmoidal sinus

Middle meatus of nose

91
Q

Just behind the posterior lacrimal crest is the attachment of ——- muscle

92
Q

Webers suture???

A

Infraorbital artery

93
Q

Since medial wall is the thinnest, ——-is the commonest cause of orbital cellulitis, especially in ———

A

Ethmoiditis

Children

94
Q

——- wall of orbit is frequently eroded by chronic inflammation lesions, neoplasms, cysts

A

Medial wall

95
Q

——- wall of orbit is easily fractured during trauma and during ——- operations

A

Medial wall

Orbitotomy

96
Q

Accidental lateral displacement of medial wall can cause ——-

A

Traumatic hypertelorism

97
Q

—— wall provides alternative access to the orbit through the ——

A

Medial

Sinus

98
Q

—— bone can be easily penetrated during eye endoscopy

A

Lacrimal bone

99
Q

—— is the shortest orbital wall

100
Q

Floor of orbit overlies ——- sinus

101
Q

Floor of the orbit is bordered laterally by —— fissure and medially by —— suture

A

Inferior orbital

Maxilloethmoidal suture

102
Q

Flow of the orbit is commonly involved with ——— fractures of the orbit and ——- vessels are always involved

A

Blow out

Infraorbital vessels

103
Q

——- wall is easily invaded by tumors of the maxillary antrum

104
Q

Lateral wall protects —— part of the globe

A

Posterior part

105
Q

Palpating—— tumors is easier from the lateral wall than——

A

Retrobulbar

Nasal

106
Q

Bleeding is least in which wall of the orbit and why

A

Lateral wall

Almost devoid of foramina

107
Q

——— suture is an important landmark in creating the flap in lateral orbitotomy

A

Zygomatico-sphenoid suture

108
Q

The roof of the orbit underlies—— sinus

109
Q

Periorbita peels away easily from —— of the orbit

110
Q

—— major blood vessels can be easily nibbed in transorbital orbitotomy

111
Q

At the junction of the roof and medial wall of orbit , the suture line lies in close proximity to ——

A

Cribiform plate

112
Q

Any trauma of dura matter and CSF escapes into the ——, ——- or both

A

Orbit, nose

113
Q

At junction of late 2/3rd and medial 1/3rd, origin of ——- muscle is prone to fracture and ——-

A

Inferior oblique muscle

Diplopia

114
Q

Average length of optic canal is —— and connects the orbit to the ——- fossa.

Adult dimensions are reached by ——- years

A

6-11mm

Middle cranial

4-5yrs

115
Q

Superior orbital fissure is a —- shaped aperture and located —- to optic canal

A

Comma

Lateral

116
Q

Superior orbital fissure is divided into ——,——, and —— by ———

A

Upper
Middle
Lower
Common tendinous ring

117
Q

Inferior division of opthalamic vein passes through —- and —— fissure

A

Superior and inferior orbital fissure

118
Q

Tolosa hunt syndrome is the inflammation of the ——— and —— of the orbit and can cause a lot of symptoms like ——— and ———- obstruction

A

Superior orbital fissure
Apex

Opthalmoplegia
Venous outflow

119
Q

Ophthalmoplegia is the———-.

A

paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles

120
Q

Superior orbital syndrome aka—— occurs when there’s a fracture at the fissure and it involves the ——-

A

Rochon-Duvigneaud

Cranial nerves

121
Q

—— ganglion innervates the eyes

122
Q

The extraocular muscles are known as the —- muscles

123
Q

Levator palpebral has —— and —— parts

A

Voluntary and involuntary

124
Q

Involuntary part of the levator palpebral is the ——-

A

Muller’s muscle

125
Q

Levator palpebral
Origin:
Insertion : upper
Middle

              Lower?
A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Upper lamina- Anterior surface of superior tarsus and skin of upper eyelid
Middle-attached to the superior margin of superior tarsus

126
Q

Eye nerve pathway: contralateral, ipsilateral, bilateral .
Central, medial, or lateral subnucleus

Levator palpebral 
Superior rectus 
Inferior rectus 
Inferior oblique 
Medial rectus
A 
Bilateral;central subnucleus
Contralateral medial subnucleus 
Dorsal ipsilateral;lateral subnucleus 
Intermediate ipsilateral;lateral subnucleus 
Central ipsilateral; lates subnucleus
127
Q

Occulomotor nuclei is divided into 2. What are they

A

Main motor nuclei

Accessory parasympathetic nucleus

128
Q

The main motor nucleus:

  • situated at the anterior part of—- matter that surrounds the—- of the—-
  • at the level of—— colliculus
  • its out -going fibers pass through the—- and emerge at the anterior surface of the midbrain in——- fossa
A

grey; periaqueduct; mid brain

superior

red nuclei

interpenduncular

129
Q

The main occulomotor nucleus gives
——- fibers from both hemispheres
——— fibers from superior colliculus
———- fasciculus connects to CN 4,6,8

A

Corticonuclear
Tectobulbar
Medial longitudinal fasciculus

130
Q

The parasympathetic accessory nuclei of occulomotor nerve :
Aka ———-
-situated—- to the main occulomotor nucleus
-in the orbit , it’s pre ganglionic fibers synapse in the___
-its post ganglionic fibers pass through the short ciliary nerves to the —-and ——of iris
-it receives corticonuclear fibers for——
-receives fibers from both—— nuclei for direct and consensual light reflexes

A

Edinger-westphal nucleus

posterior

ciliary ganglion

ciliary muscles ; constrictor pupillae

accommodation reflex

pretectal

131
Q

Course of CN3:

  • from anterior surface of—-
  • passes in between the—- and—- arteries
  • enters the orbit through the—-
  • divides into superior (——and——), and inferior rami(——,——, and——)
A

midbrain

posterior cerebral; superior cerebellar

superior orbital fissure

levator palpebral superioris;superior rectus

inferior rectus; middle rectus; inferior oblique

132
Q

Complete lesion of the occulomotor nerve can be caused by:

  • diabetes
  • tumors
  • aneurysm
  • vascular disease in the midbrain like —— syndrome and ——- syndrome
A

Benedikt

Weber

133
Q 
Complete lesion of the occulomotor nerve can cause 
-external—— 
——-
——-
——-of pupil and—- to light
-accommodation of eye is paralyzed
A

strabismus

ptosis

diplopia

wide dilation; unresponsive

134
Q

External strabismus is the eye looking —— at rest and occurs due to ——-

A

Laterally

Lateral rectus

135
Q

Diplopia means ——-

A

Double vision

136
Q

Wide dilatation of eye and unreactive to light is due to paralysis of ———-

A

Sphincter pupillae

137
Q

Incomplete lesion of occulomotor nerve can cause internal or external ———-

A

Opthalmoplegia

138
Q

In Internal Opthalmoplegia,there is
-normal INNERVATION of ———but selective loss of autonomic INNERVATION of the——-

While in external Opthalmoplegia ,there is
-normal INNERVATION of—— and —— is paralyzed

A

extraocular muscles

sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

Extraocular muscles

139
Q

Cornea is capable of regeneration

T/F

140
Q

Infants orbit look more laterally than adult orbits

T/F

141
Q

Orbital index is higher in a child when compared to adults

T/F

142
Q

Visual pathway forms a binocular representation on one distinct object
T/F

A

F

It’s monocular

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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