LARYNX and PHONATION Flashcards
LARYNX is the portion of the respiratory tract containing the——
vocal cords
Larynx is——-long
2-inch
Larynx is a——-shaped organ that opens into the ———above and is continuous with the——- below
tube
laryngeal part of the pharynx
trachea
Relations of the larynx
Arteries:——-
Veins:——-
Nerve:—-
Carotid arteries, Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
jugular veins
Superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, vagus nerve
Structure of the larynx.
consists of four basic components:
A cartilaginous skeleton
Membranes and ligaments
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
Mucosal lining
Cartilages of the larynx Single Cartilages: — — —- Paired Cartilages: — — —
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform
All the cartilages, except the——, are of —- type of cartilage
epiglottis
hyaline
Epiglottis is formed of——- cartilage
elastic
Thyroid Cartilage
-Has—— laminae
- meet in the—- and form a prominent angle, called——
-also form the superior thyroid notch at the—- margin of the thyroid cartilage
-The posterior border of each lamina forms———
——surface of each lamina shows an—- line which gives attachment to___,____ &_____
-The superior border of each lamina gives attachment to the——— membrane
two
midline; laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
rostral
superior & inferior cornu (horns)
Outer ;oblique; thyrohyoid; sternothyroid; inferior constrictor of the pharynx
thyrohyoid
Cricoid Cartilage
- Lies—— the thyroid cartilage
- Forms a—- ring
- Has a—— anterior arch & a—— posterior lamina
- Has an articular facet on its—— surface for articulation with——-(a—— joint)
- Has an articular facet—— border for articulation with base of—— (a—— joint)
below
complete
narrow; broad
Lateral; inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage ; synovial
Upper; arytenoid cartilage; synovial
Arytenoid Cartilages
- paired
- Small,—— in shape
- Situated at the—- of the larynx
- has a base articulating with the—- border of the—— cartilage
- has An apex supporting the —-cartilage
- has A—— process projecting forward, gives attachment to the——
- has A——- process projecting——, gives attachment to muscles
pyramidal
back
upper; cricoid
corniculate
vocal; vocal ligament
muscular; laterally
Corniculate & Cuneiform Cartilages
Corniculate Cartilages
- Small nodules
- Articulate with the—— of—— cartilages
Cuneiform Cartilages
- Small—— shaped
- placed in each——-, producing a——
- Serve as support for the——
apices; arytenoid
rod
aryepiglottic fold; small elevation
ary-epiglottic fold
The cuneiform cartilage articulates with the other cartilages.
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Epiglottis
——-shaped
-situated—— the—- of the tongue
-Connected In front to the ——-by the—— ligament
-and connected By its stalk to the——- by the—— ligament
-Upper edge is——.
-Laterally gives attachment to ——-
-Anteriorly—— is reflected onto the—- forming three—— &——
Leaf
behind; root
body of hyoid bone ; hyoepiglottic
back of thyroid cartilage; thyroepiglottic
free
aryepiglottic fold
mucosa; tongue; glossoepiglottic folds; valleculae
List the 5 Ligaments of the larynx
- median & lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
- Median cricothyroid ligament
- Hyoepiglottic ligament
- Thyroepiglottic ligament
List the 4Membranes of the larynx
Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricotracheal membrane
Quadrangular membrane
Cricothyroid membrane
Quadrangular membrane:
- Extends between the—- and the—- cartilages
- Its lower free margin—— and forms the—- that lies within the——
- extends from—— margin of—- to attach to the—- and—— cartilages
- its superior edge is—— and is covered with ——of mucosa
epiglottis; arytenoid
thickens; vestibular ligament; vestibular fold
lateral; epiglottis; arytenoid; corniculate
also free; aryepiglottic fold
Cricothyroid membrane
- aka——
- Lower margin is attached to—- border of—- cartilage
- Upper free margin forms —-that is attached anteriorly to—— & posteriorly to the——-
conus elasticus
upper; cricoid
vocal ligament ; deep surface of thyroid cartilage; vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
Laryngeal Inlet
- Faces—— and——
- opens into the—- part of the—-
- The opening is bounded
- Anteriorly: by the—— margin of——
- Posteriorly & below by——-
- Laterally by——-
backward; upward
laryngeal; pharynx
upper; epiglottis
arytenoid cartilages
aryepiglottic folds
Laryngeal Cavity
- Extends from—— to—- border of the——
- Narrow in the region of the——(——-)
- Narrowest in the region of the—-(——)
- Divided into three parts:
- Supraglottic part, the part above the——, is called the—-
- The part between the—- & the—-, is called the—-
- Infraglottic part, the part—— the——
laryngeal inlet; lower; cricoid cartilage
vestibular folds ; rima vestibuli
vocal folds ; rima glottidis
vestibular folds; vestibule
vestibular; vocal folds; ventricle
below; vocal folds
Vestibular Part:
- Extends from the—- to the—-
- Below it becomes narrow as the—- project——-.
- Each vestibular fold contains——
inlet; vestibular fold
vestibular folds; medially
vestibular ligament
Lower Part of larynx
- Extends from—- to—- border of—- cartilage
- Walls formed by the inner surface of the——- and the—- cartilage
vocal folds; lower; cricoid
cricothyroid ligament; cricoid
Middle part of larynx
-Extend from—- folds to the— folds
——a small recess between the——& the—- is called the ——of the larynx that may extend upwards between—— fold and the—- cartilage as—— of the larynx
vestibular; vocals
Laterally; vestibular fold ; vocal fold; sinus
vestibular; thyroid; saccule
Mucous Membrane of the larynx
- lined with—— epithelium
- The surface of vocal folds, because of—— during——, is covered with——- epithelium
- Contains many——, more numerous in the—- (for—- of——)
ciliated columnar
exposure to continuous trauma; phonation
stratified squamous
mucous glands
saccule
lubrication; vocal folds
Muscles of the larynx two groups: *—— muscles: divided into two groups ——-of the larynx ——-of the larynx
——muscles divided into two groups
- Muscles controlling the——
- Muscles controlling the——
Extrinsic
Elevators; Depressors
Intrinsic
laryngeal inlet
movements of the vocal cords
ELEVATORS of the pharynx are: The——- Muscles: which are —- —— ——- ——
The——- Muscles of—— which are :
——-
——-
——-
Suprahyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Longitudinal; the Pharynx
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
DEPRESSORS of the larynx are The—— Muscles which are: —— —- ——-
Infrahyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
2 Muscles Controlling The Laryngeal Inlet are :???
Oblique arytenoid
Aryepiglottic muscle
Oblique arytenoid:
- deep to———
- from—— process of—— cartilage to——- cartilage
transverse arytenoid muscle
muscular;
arytenoid
superior Cricoid
Aryepiglottic muscle:
- from the—- process of—— cartilage
- inserts to the ——-and—— border of—-
muscular; arytenoid
aryepiglottic fold
lateral; epiglottis
Situations where the larynx acts as a sphincter??
Swallowing, sneezing, coughing, vasalva maneuver
Sphincter Functions of the Larynx
- In Valsalva’s maneuver,— is temporarily held in the—— by——-;—— pressure rises when ——-contract; Helps to empty the——; Acts as a splint to stabilize the—— when——
- swallowing closes the sphincter at the——
- coughing and sneezing is involved with the sphincter at the ———-
Air; lower respiratory tract; closing the glottis
intra-abdominal; abdominal muscles
rectum
trunk; lifting heavy loads; inlet
Rima glottis
Muscle Increasing the Length & Tension of the Vocal Cords
Muscle decreasing the Length & Tension of Vocal Cords
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Movements of the Vocal Cords are:??
—-
——
Adduction
Abduction
Adductors of the Vocal Cords
——-
———
Abductor of the Vocal Cords
——
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Blood Supply & Lymph Drainage of the larynx
Arteries:
Upper half:—— artery, a branch of —-artery
Lower half: ——artery, a branch of —-artery
Lymphatics
The lymph vessels drain into the——
Superior laryngeal; superior thyroid
Inferior laryngeal ; inferior thyroid
deep cervical lymph nodes
Nerve Supply
Sensory
Above the——:——, a branch of the ——-nerve
Below the——:—— nerve, a branch of the—- nerve
Motor
All—— muscles, except——, supplied by the—— nerve
The—— muscle is supplied by the—— nerve, a branch of the——- nerve
vocal cords
Internal laryngeal nerve; superior laryngeal branch of the vagus
vocal cords
Recurrent laryngeal; vagus
intrinsic; cricothyroid; recurrent laryngeal
cricothyroid; external laryngeal; superior laryngeal branch of vagus
intermittent release of expired air while opening and closing the glottis is called ——-
Speech
List The three components of production of voice
The generation of sound
The resonance of sound
The articulation of voice
Sound production originates from the——-
larynx
Sound is modified by various resonating chamber like the—-,—- and——
pharynx
mouth
paranasal sinuses.
Quality of sound depends on——- at the—— of the——
symmetrical vibration
midline
glottis
———is influenced by subglottic pressure, glottic resistance, transglottic air flow, and amplitude of vibration
Loudness
Pitch of sound depends on the alterations in—— and—— of——
length
tension
vocal folds
Larynx is also called the ——— or——-
Voice box or organ of phonation
Larynx is higher in —— and ——-
Females and children
Whose larynx is bigger?.
Male or female?
Male
Who has a bigger angle of thyroid cartilage
Male or female?
Female
principal cartilages of the larynx are, —-, —-, and——
cricoid
thyroid
two arytenoids
Angle of thyroid cartilage in male is????
Angle of thyroid cartilage in female is????
90 degrees in male
120 degrees in female
The posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage provides attachment (from above downward) to following structures
———
——-
———
Thyroepiglottic ligament.
pair of vestibular ligaments.
A pair of vocal ligaments.
oblique line of thyroid cartilage provides attachments to the following from above-down; medial-lateral
——-
——-
——
Thyrohyoid.2. Sternothyroid.3. Inferior constrictor (thyropharyngeus part only).
Cricoid cartilage is a——-shaped ring of cartilage
signet
The epiglottis is rudimentary in human beings.
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Corniculate cartilages of——-
Cuneiform cartilages of———
Santorini
Wrisberg
Which cartilages are made of hyalin and which are made of elastic cartilage
Hyalin- Cricoid, thyroid, base of arytenoid
Elastic- cuneiform, epiglottis ,corniculate, apices of arytenoid
Between hyalin and elastic cartilage, which one ossifies at what age and which doesn’t
Hyalin ossifies at age 25
Elastic doesn’t
The——- membrane is pierced on either side by internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels.
thyrohyoid
Cricotracheal ligament: It connects the——- cartilage with the——-
cricoid
first tracheal ring.
Membranes thicken to form ——-
——- covers /contains ligaments
Ligaments
Folds
Thyrohyoid muscle
Sternothyroid muscle
Elevate or depress the larynx??
Elevate
Depress
Which ones open and which means close the laryngeal inlet
Oblique arytenoids
Aryepiglotticus
Thyroepiglotticus:
Close
Close
Open
Thyroarytenoid is also known as volcalis
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Which of the following muscles increase or decrease tension of the volcano cords
Cricothyroid
Vocalis
Thyroarytenoid:
Tense
Tense
Relax
—— muscle is also known as the tuning fork of larynx.
Cricothyroid muscle
only muscle of the larynx, which lies on the external surface of the larynx is the ———-
Cricothyroid muscle
segmental tension of vocal ligament helps in the—— and is controlled by —— muscle
modulation of voice
Volcalis
The Safety muscles of larynx is the ———— as if it is ever paralyzed, the person can——-
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Suffocate
The anterior wall of laryngeal cavity is longer than the posterior wall.
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false vocal cords are ———
Vestibular folds
—- + _____= true vocal cords
Vocal ligament
Vocalis
oil can of the larynx is the ——- of the larynx?
Sinus of the larynx
Besides. Vocal cords, which other parts of the larynx aren’t covered by ciliated columnar epithelium
anterior surface and upper half of the posterior surface of the epiglottis, upper parts of aryepiglottic folds
There are mucous glands in the vocal folds.
T/F
F
The edema of larynx does not involve the——- since there is no——-
true vocal cords
submucous tissue.
Rima glottidis has dual blood supply
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Variations in the size and shape of rima glottidis during different movements of the vocal cords.
During quiet respiration
During inspiration
During whisper
During high pitched voice
Pentagonal
Diamond
Funnel
Linear
vowels are voiced in the larynx due to—— of —-whereas consonants are produced by the—— of the——.
vibration ;vocal folds
intrinsic muscles
tongue
Singer’s nodules are —-nodules on the——- at the junction of anterior ——third and posterior—–third
Inflammatory
vocal cords
one-
two
Commonest site of the laryngeal cancer
Glottic region
Most common congenital abnormality of the larynx?
Laryngomalacia
What is Laryngomalacia
excessive flaccidity of supraglottic larynx
