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ANA 203 > EAR > Flashcards

EAR Flashcards

1
Q

middle ear is an ——space within the—— part of the——- bone

A

air-filled

petrous

temporal

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2
Q

The auricle is a ——-like undulating projection on the side of the head
-The entire pinna except his—— is made up of a single piece of crumpled——- covered with skin

A

trumpet

lobule

yellow elastic cartilage

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3
Q

The lobule of pinna is made of ——— covered with skin.

A

fibrofatty tissue

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4
Q

The auricular cartilage is continuous with the cartilage of the——-

A

external auditory meatus.

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5
Q

There is no cartilage between—— and—— and the gap between the two is called ——-

A

tragus

crus of helix

incisura terminalis

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6
Q

The thick hair on pinna particularly on—— in male represents ——inheritance.

A

tragus

Y-linked

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7
Q

Features of lateral surface of external ear
-concha:leads into——;guarded in front by——-
——-conchae: small area of concha above the——-;Clinically it is important as it corresponds to the—— triangle (——-triangle).
-Antihelix:upper end splits to give the——; space between antihelix and helix is the—-
-Helix: 2 limbs; anterior limb ends as——-;posterior limb ends as——- below but has—— tubercle in its upper end that is wrongly thought to be the——-

A

external auditory meatus; tragus

Cymba; crus of helix; suprameatal; McEwen’s

triangular fossa; scaphoid fossa

crus of helix; lobule; Darwin’s

vestige of pointed part of quadruped ears

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8
Q

Features of medial surface of external ear

  • Eminentia concha: corresponds to the——-
  • Eminentia triangularis:corresponds to ——-
  • Eminentia scaphoidia : corresponds to——-
A

depression of the concha.

corresponds to the triangular fossa

Scaphoid fossa

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9
Q

MUSCLES of the external ear
extrinsic muscles
-they generally pass from—- or— to the—-
-1.—— anterior from—— to—- part of the—-
-2.——- superior from—- to—- surface of the—,
3.——— posterior. from the—— to——-
-their jobs is in——- of the auricle to——-

intrinsic muscles

  • are small muscular slips
  • which pass between the—- parts of the auricle.

-their job is to——— of the auricle

A

scalp; skull; auricle

Auricularis; epicranial aponeurotis; upper; helix

Auricularis; epicranial aponeurotis; cranial; auricle

Auricularis; mastoid process; eminentia concha

positioning; catch the sound

cartilaginous; change the shape

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10
Q

Intrinsic muscles movement is well developed in humans

T/F

A

F

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11
Q

ARTERIES of the external ear
——-and posterior——-surface is by——— artery
-Anterior—— surface is by ——artery
-Few branches of—— artery supply the—— part of the—- surface.

A

cranial

lateral

posterior auricular

lateral; superficial temporal

occipital; upper; cranial

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12
Q

VEINS of the external ear drains into the——- and ———veins.

A

superficial temporal

external jugular

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13
Q

LYMPH of the external ear
——-lymph nodes
——-lymph nodes
———lymph nodes

A

Preauricular (parotid)

Mastoid

Upper group of deep cervical

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14
Q

EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

  • extends from the——- to the——-
  • measures about——-
  • it is not a—— tube but it has a typical —shaped course.
  • its outer part is directed—-, inner—-
  • to examine eardrum, move the pinna——
  • divided into two parts:——- and—-.
A

bottom of the concha; tympanic membrane

24 mm

straight; S-

BUM; DFM

LUB

cartilaginous; bony

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15
Q

EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

Thecartilaginous part forms the——(—mm) of the meatus.

  • The cartilage is the continuation of the—
  • The skin covering the cartilaginous part is—, and contains—- and—— glands
  • The bony part forms the—-(—-mm)
  • The skin lining the bony part of meatus is— and continuous with the—— of the——-
  • It is also devoid of —- and——-
A

outer one-third ; 8

cartilage of the auricle.

thick; hair; ceruminous

inner two-third ; 16

thin; cuticular layer; tympanic membrane.

hair; ceruminous glands.

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16
Q

Function of ceruminous glands???

And they are also called—-?

A

Produce wax

pilosebaceous

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17
Q

external auditory meatus is longer in children.

T/F

A

F

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18
Q

Children have shorter external auditory meatus and therefore, deep insertion of ear speculum may damage the——-

A

tympanic membrane

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19
Q

ARTERIES of external auditory meatus

—-;——;——

A

deep auricular

anterior tympanic

posterior auricular

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20
Q

NERVES of the external auditory meatus
Roof and—- wall are supplied by the——- nerve.
Floor and—— wall are supplied by the——— of nerve

A

anterior; auriculotemporal

posterior; auricular branch;vagus nerve

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21
Q

the only cutaneous branch of the vagus nerve is the ——-

A

Auricular branch of the vagus nerve

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22
Q

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

  • a thin (——mm thick)—- membrane
  • forms the partition between—- and—-
  • It is——in shape, measuring—— mm in length, and—- mm in width.
  • It is placed—- making an angle of about —— with the—- of the—
  • The tympanic membrane faces—-, ——, and—- as though to catch the sounds reflected—-
A

0.1; semitransparent

external acoustic meatus; middle ear.

oval; 9–10; 8–9

obliquely ;55° ; floor; external acoustic meatus.

downwards; forwards; laterally; from the ground.

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23
Q

Which is longer between the anterior and posterior wall of the external auditory meatus

And between the roof and floor of the external auditory meatus

A

Anterior is longer

Floor is longer

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24
Q

Tympanic membrane
made of—- layers from out-in:
* Outer— layer of —— epithelium,
*Middle—— layer, which encloses the—-. It contains outer—- and inner—- fibres.
*Inner——- layer is lined by ——epithelium,

A

3

cuticular; stratified squamous

fibrous; handle of the malleus; radiating; circular

mucosal

low columnar

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25
Q

Pinna is a source of several graft materials for the surgeons.
T/F

A

T

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26
Q

The—- of ear is commonly pierced for wearing earrings.

A

lobule

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27
Q

For surgery of external auditory meatus, the incision is made in the region of—— as it will—-

A

incisura terminalis

not cut through the cartilage.

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28
Q

furuncles mean——-?

A

infection of hair follicles

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29
Q

Where does furuncles develop?

A

Since the hairs are confined to the outer part of the meatus, the furuncles (infection of hair follicles) develop only in this part.

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30
Q

To examine external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane, the pinna is pulled LUB in adults, while in infants it is pulled—- and—-.
WHY??!!!

A

downwards; backwards

This is because in infants the bony part of external auditory meatus is not developed and tympanic membrane is directed mainly downwards.

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31
Q

The infection and boils of the external auditory meatus cause—— swelling that are very —— because the skin lining is——-

A

very little; painful

firmly adhered to the underlying cartilage and bone.

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32
Q

Ear wax: It prevents the injury of—— from water and the damage of ——- by —— the insects. The excess of ear wax interfering with hearing is removed by ——. The irritation of—- of vagus during the process of removing excess wax may reflexly produce—- called —, vomiting, and even death due to ——

A

the lining epithelium of the external auditory meatus

tympanic membrane

trapping

syringing

auricular branch

persistent cough; ear cough

sudden cardiac inhibition.

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33
Q

The —— were the individuals in ancient Rome, who were very fond of excessive eating and used to stimulate their jaded appetite by dropping— or— behind the ear as this could reflexly stimulate—- due to supply of this area by the—- which also supplies motor innervation to the—-.

A

Aldermen

cold water

spirit

gastric peristalsis

vagus nerve

GIT

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34
Q

Perforation of the tympanic membrane may result from an—— or——- infection

A

external injury

middle ear

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35
Q

Middle ear

  • aka—-, or ——-
  • It contains—— auditory ossicles, which transmit—— from—— in its—— wall to the—- ear via its—— wall
A

tympanum;tympanic cavity

three

sound vibrations

tympanic membrane

lateral

internal

medial

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36
Q

Middle ear

  • is shaped like a—-, In coronal section, it resembles a———, like a——-
  • The middle ear communicates:
  • Anteriorly with—- through—-.
  • Posteriorly with—- and ——through—— called ——
A

cube

biconcave disc; red blood cell

nasopharynx; pharyngotympanic tube

mastoid antrum; mastoid air cells

aditus to antrum; aditus ad antrum.

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37
Q 
Contents of the Middle Ear 
Inside the mucous lining
1. —-.
Outside the mucous lining
*—- small bones called ear—-: —-, —-,  and—-
.*—- muscles: —— and——.
*—- nerves: ——- and——
*Vessels supplying and draining the middle ear.
*Ligaments of  the ear ossicles.
A

Air

Three; ossicles; malleus; incus; stapes

Two; tensor tympani; stapedius

Two; chorda tympani; tympanic plexus.

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38
Q 
Subdivisions of the Middle Ear
-Epitympanum (——)
Contains—-, —-,  and—- of —-
-Mesotympanum
a part opposite to  —-containing——, —-,  and—-. 
-Hypotympanum
a part—— the tympanic membrane.
A

attic

head of malleus; body; short process; incus

tympanic membrane ; handle of malleus; long process of incus; stapes

below

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39
Q

the narrowest part of the middle ear is the ——-?

A

Mesotympanum

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40
Q

Ear Ossicles are connected to one another by —— joints

A

synovial

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41
Q

Malleu, incus ,stapes.

Their other names
Which pharyngeal arch they come from
Which muscle they attach to

A

Hammer; Anvil or premolar tooth; Stirrup

1st arch; 1st arch; 2nd arch

Tensor tympani; none;stapedius

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42
Q

Malleu, incus ,stapes.

Type of synovial joint
Actual Name of joint

A

Saddle type; both saddle and ball and socket; just ball and socket

Incudomalleolar;incudomalleolar and incudostapedial; incudostapedial

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43
Q

Malleu, incus ,stapes.

Their Parts

A

Head, body, handle

Body, short process, long process

Body

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44
Q

Handle of malleus attaches to ——— of the ———

A

Fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane

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45
Q

Tensor tympani-

Origin:———
Insertion:———-
Supplied by —— nerve
Action :———

A

from auditory tube

to handle of malleus

V3

tenses eardrum

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46
Q

Stapedius

Origin:———
Insertion:———-
Supplied by —— nerve
Action :———

A

from post wall of middle ear

to neck of stapes

CN7

blocks oval window

47
Q

Hyperacusis is the
——-of——-
-an abnormally—— power of——
-even—— appears as——.

A

paralysis

stapedius

increased; hearing

whisper; noise

48
Q

Otosclerosis

  • Abnormal—- of ——that anchors the—— of—— to the—— window
  • This impedes the movements of—- and causes——.
A

ossification; annular ligament ; footplate; stapes; oval

stapes

deafness

49
Q

——-is the most common cause of conductive deafness in adults.

A

The otosclerosis

50
Q

Roof of the middle ear

  • formed by——
  • that separates the tympanic cavity from the——
  • forms roof of——
A

tegmen tympani

middle cranial fossa

aditus antrum

51
Q

Floor of the middle ear

  • thin plate of bone
  • separates the tympanic cavity from the——-
A

jugular bulb

52
Q

Anterior wall of middle ear
-thin plate of bone
-separates the cavity from——
——-part of anterior wall presents— openings or canals, the—- one for the ——muscle and the—- one for the——-

A

internal carotid artery

upper; two

upper; tensor tympani

lower; auditory tube.

53
Q

Posterior wall of middle ear

  • separates the tympanic cavity from—— and——-
  • contains the ——-,—-,——-,——-,and——
A

mastoid antrum; mastoid air cells

aditus ad antrum, pyramid, fossa incudis, vertical part of facial canal, posterior canaliculus for chorda tympani

54
Q

Lateral wall of middle ear

-formed by ——-

A

tympanic membrane

55
Q

Medial wall of the middle ear

  • it is actually formed by the—— of the—— ear.
  • separates the tympanic cavity from the internal ear
A

bony lateral wall; internal

56
Q

Medial wall of the middle ear contains

  • Promontory:—- due to—- (basal) turn of the—-.
  • Oval window:—- and—- promontory; closed by—- and—-
  • Round window:small round opening—- and—- the promontory; closed by —- that separates the—— ear from the——
A

rounded prominence; first; cochlea

above; behind

stapes; annular ligament

below; behind

fibrous secondary tympanic membrane

middle; scala tympani.

57
Q

Sinus tympani is a depression—- the promontory between——- and—-, which indicates the position of ___ of the——

A

behind

fenestra vestibuli; fenestra cochleae

ampulla; posterior semicircular canal.

58
Q

The fluid filled in the membranous labyrinth is called —-.

-space between the membranous and bony labyrinth is filled with fluid called ——

A

endolymph perilymph

59
Q

List the 4 parts of the membranes labyrinth

A

Cochlear
Utricle/sacccule
3 semicircular ducts

60
Q

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

  • Cochlear duct that lies within the—— and has a sensory receptor within it called—— .It is concerned with—-.
  • Saccule and Utricle that lie within the —-and have a sensory receptor within it called—. They are concerned with——-.
  • three Semicircular ducts that lie within the——- and have a sensory receptor within it called—- .They are concerned with——
A

bony cochlea

spiral organ of Corti.; hearing

bony vestibule ; maculae; static balance

three bony semicircular canals; cristae ampullaris; kinetic balance.

61
Q

The cochlear duct (—-turn) is connected to saccule by——-

  • The saccule and utricle are connected to each other by–shaped —-, which expands to form—- and—-
  • The utricle is connected to three semicircular ducts through—— openings.
A

basal

ductus reuniens.

Y; utriculo-saccular duct; ductus; saccus endolymphaticus.

five

62
Q

Cochlear Duct

  • aka Scala—-
  • is a spiral anterior part of the membranous labyrinth having two- and three-fourth turns.
  • It lies in the—- part of the cochlear canal between scala—- and scala—-.
  • The cochlear duct contains ——, which is sensory receptor for——-.
A

Media

middle; vestibuli; tympani

spiral organ of Corti; hearing

63
Q 
Boundaries of the cochlear duct
Base:
-Formed by  the———(medially)
———- (laterally). 
Roof:
-Formed by  the——-(———membrane)
Laterally:
-It  is bounded by  the——
A

osseous spiral lamina

basilar membrane

vestibular membrane ; Reissner’s

outer wall of cochlear canal.

64
Q

Spiral Organ of Corti

  • It is the peripheral organ of —- in the cochlear duct
  • is situated on the——
  • Tunnel of Corti: It is formed by the—- and——. It contains a fluid called ——. The exact function of rods and corticolymph is—-
  • Hair cells: These are—- cells of —- located on—— and their apices possess—— which are overlaid by ——
A

hearing

basilar membrane.

inner; outer rod cells; corticolymph; not known

receptor; hearing; basilar membrane; stereocilia; tectorial membrane.

65
Q

Inner hair cells and outer hair cells.

Function
What nerve they majorly respond to
How they are arranged

A

Transmuting sound; Modulating sound

Cochlear nerve ; Nerve from superior olivary nucleus

Single row ; 3or 4 rows

66
Q

Mention 2 supporting cells of th organ of corti

A

Deiter’s and Hansen’s Cells

67
Q

Supporting cells of organ of corti

  • The Deiter’s cells are situated between the—- and provide support to the—-. The Hansen’s cells lie—- the——
  • tectorial membrane: It is made up of —— and overlies the——. Medially it is attached to —-. The shearing force between the—— and tectorial membrane stimulate the——.
  • The scala vestibuli and tympani are continuous with each other through a narrow opening at the—— called——
A

outer hair cells; outer hair cells

outside; hair cells.

gelatinous substance; hair cells

osseous spiral lamina

hair cells; hair cells

apex of cochlear duct; helicotrema

68
Q

Saccule and Utricle
saccule
-a small—— membranous sac
-lies in the —— part of the vestibule

utricle

  • an—— membranous sac
  • lies in the——- part of the vestibule
A

globular; anteroinferior

oblong; posterosuperior

69
Q

Which is larger. Saccule or Utricle??

A

Utricle

70
Q

Semicircular Ducts

  • Each duct has one dilated end called ——
  • and that end of each duct bears a raised crest called—— which projects into its—-.
A

ampulla

crista ampullaris

lumen

71
Q

Maculae

  • sensory receptors located in the—— walls of —- and——.
  • They sense—— of head in response to —- and—-, i.e., ——
A

medial

saccule; utricle

position; gravity; linear acceleration

static balance

72
Q

Cristae:

  • are sensory receptors located in the—— ends of the three semicircular ducts.
  • They respond to ——, i.e., ——-
A

ampullated

angular acceleration

kinetic balance.

73
Q 
BONY LABYRINTH of the inner ear
-series of  intercommunicating bony cavities and canals within the——- part of  the—— bone.
-3 parts: from front to back
——-
——-
———
A

petrous; temporal

cochlea

vestibule

semicircular canal

74
Q

Cochlea

  • apex (——) is directed towards the—- wall of the——
  • base is directed towards the—- of the——
  • aqueduct of cochlea is a narrow tubular canal through which—- within the cochlea communicates with the—— of the—— through cochlear——-
A

cupula; medial; tympanic cavity

bottom; internal acoustic meatus.

perilymph; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); subarachnoid space; canaliculus.

75
Q

Semicircular canals

  • There are three bony semicircular canals: anterior/——-,——-, and——-.
  • They lie in three planes at——- to each other
  • Each canal is about——- of a circle and is dilated at one end to form the ——-
  • both—— and—- semicircular canal lies in a vertical plane at ——to the long axis of the—— bone.
A

superior; posterior; lateral

right angles

two-third

ampulla

anterior; posterior ; right angle ; petrous temporal

76
Q

both anterior and posterior semicircular canals are—- but anterior is—-, posterior is—-

  • anterior’s non-ampullated end(posterior) communicates with———— to form the—— and open on the vestibule
  • the lateral canal lies in an horizontal plane ;its ——-end is ampullated
A

convex; forward; backwards

posterior’s non -ampullated end(upper)

crus commune

anterolateral

77
Q

Which semicircular canal has both ends opening directly on the vestibule

A

Lateral semicircular canal

78
Q

The lateral semicircular canals of the right and left ear lie in—— • The anterior semicircular canal of one side lies——- to the posterior semicircular canal of———

A

the same plane.

parallel;; the other side.

79
Q

The central egg-shaped cavity of the bony labyrinth is the ——

A

vestibule

80
Q

The cochlear coils around a bony pillar called ——-

A

Modiolus

81
Q

Sound is composed of —— and ——-

A

Rarefactions and compressions

82
Q

Sound is represented by a —— wave

A

Sine

83
Q

Sound waves of low frequency (inaudible) also excite the hair cells.
T/F

A

F

84
Q

inaudible sound travels around the ———

A

Helicotrema

85
Q

The higher the frequency of a sound, the more proximal the region of basilar membrane that would be stimulated.
T/F

A

T

86
Q

Bending of the stereocilia causes ——- to open , cause a —— to be generated and release a ——(most likely——-)

A

Mechanically gated ion channels

Graded potential
Neurotransmitter
Glutamate

87
Q

The NT released at organ of corti causes the—— to transmit impulse to the brain

A

Cochlear nerve fiber

88
Q

Pitch is perceived by —— and —— part of the auditory pathway

Loudness is perceived by —— and —— part of the auditory pathway

A

Primary auditory cortex;cochlear nuclei

Varying threshold of Cochlear cells;number of cells stimulated

89
Q

Localization of sound is done by —— in the auditory pathway

A

Superior olivary nucleus

90
Q

Macula contains —— cells and —- cells

A

Supporting

Hair

91
Q

Maculae’s hair cells’ stereocilia and kineocilia are embedded in the ———- membrane

A

Otolithic

92
Q

Utricular hairs respond to ——- movement

Saccular hairs respond to ——— movement

A

Horizontal

Vertical

93
Q

If otolithic membrane moves in the direction of the kineocilia,

The vestibular nerves get ———-
Number of action potentials generated would ——-

A

Depolarized

Increase

94
Q

If otolithic membrane moves in the opposite direction of the kineocilia,

Vestibular nerves become ——-
Rate of impulse propagation———

A

Hyperpolarized

Decreases

95
Q

Each crista has hair and support cells that extend into a gel-like mass called ——

A

Cupula

96
Q

For crista, cupula moving in the same direction as head motion leads to ——

A

Hyper polarization

97
Q

List the 3 modes of input for balance and orientation

A

Vestibular receptors
Visual receptors
Somatic receptors

98
Q

Not All special senses are functional at birth .

T/F

A

F

99
Q

Optic vesicles protrude from the ——- during the—— week of development .
The vesicles end up being —— , and their stalks become ——

A

Diencephalon

fourth

Optic cups
Optic nerves

100
Q

The eye lens forms from what?… ectoderm or endoderm or mesoderm

A

Ectoderm

101
Q

Vision is fully functional at birth

T/F

A

F

102
Q

Babies are ———-, and their eye movements are ——-

A

Hyperopic

Uncoordinated

103
Q

What is hyperopia

A

Seeing only gray tones

104
Q

Depth perception and color vision is well developed by age ——, and emmetropic eyes are developed by age ——

A

5

6

105
Q

Ear development begins in a —- week embryo

A

3

106
Q

Inner ears develop from —— which invaginate into the —— and ——-

A

Otic placodes

Otic pit

Otic vesicle

107
Q

Otic vesicle becomes the ——

Surrounding mesenchyme becomes——

A

Membraneous labyrinth

Bony labyrinth

108
Q

Eardrum is ___ shaped

A

Cone

109
Q

Bony labyrinth is lined by endosteum

T/F

A

F

110
Q

Bony labyrinth lies within the Petrous part of temporal bone

T/F

A

F

111
Q

The auditory canal converted mechanical sound to neural impulses

T/F

A

F

112
Q

The auditory canal contains modified sweat glands that secrete cerumen
T/F

A

T

113
Q

The auditory canal causes the vibration of hair cells

T/F

A

F

114
Q

The largest cortical region of the brain is ____ cortex

A

Visual cortex

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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