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ANA 203 > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Location of thyroid gland

A

anterior part of the front and sides of the neck

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2
Q

right and left lobes of thyroid gland are United by——-

A

an isthmus

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3
Q

——- may project upwards from the isthmus or ———

A

A 3rd pyramidal lobe

from one of the lobes.

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4
Q

Origin and insertion of the Levator glandulae thyroidae of——-

A

Soemmerring

from the body of the hyoid bone to the pyramidal lobe or isthmus to elevate the thyroid gland

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5
Q

Vertebral level of the levator glandular thyroidae is ——?

A

C3-C5

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6
Q

The word thyroid means ——

A

Shield-like

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7
Q

Location of Accessory thyroid glands

A

found as small detached masses of thyroid tissue in the vicinity of the lobes or above the isthmus

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8
Q

Hormones produced by thyroid glands are —?

A

Thyroxine, thyrocalcitonin

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9
Q
  • stimulates psychic growth
A

Thyroxine

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10
Q

Vertebral level of :
upper border of thyroid lobe
Lower border of thyroid lobe

A

C5-T1

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11
Q

Thyroid gland extends from the middle of the———- to the ——-tracheal ring

A

thyroid cartilage

4th or 5th

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12
Q

isthmus covers the ——tracheal rings

A

2nd to 3rd

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13
Q

Length, width and breadth of the lobe of the thyroid

A

Lobe-5cm by 2.5cm by 2.5cm

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14
Q

Lengtha and width of the isthmus of the thyroid

A

Isthmus-1.2cm by 1.2cm

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15
Q

Weight of thyroid gland

A

25g

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16
Q

Male or female, which one has a larger Thyroid gland ?

A

Female

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17
Q

How many tracheal rings does the trachea have

A

15

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18
Q

How many capsule of thyroid do we have???

List them

A

True and false capsule

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19
Q

true capsule of the thyroid gland is formed by——-

false capsule of the thyroid gland is formed from ——-

A

peripheral condensation of the connective tissue of the gland

the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia

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20
Q

capsule of the thyroid gland is thin—- but thick in the——

A

posteriorly

interior

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21
Q

——- connects the lobe of the thyroid gland to the ——-

A

Suspensory ligament of berry

cricoid cartilage.

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22
Q

Difference between the capsules of the thyroid gland and prostate gland

A

for thyroid gland: veins are between gland and true capsule;plane of cleave is between true and false capsule
-for prostate gland: veins are between true and false capsule;plane of cleavage is between gland and true capsule

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23
Q

the thyroid is removed along with ———capsule

A

True capsule

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24
Q

Relations of the lateral surface of the thyroid gland

A

sternohyoid,sternothyroid, superior belly of the omohyoid, ant. border of the sternomastoid

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25
Q

Relations of the medial surface of the thyroid gland

A

2tubes : trachea and esophagus

  • 2 muscles the inferior constrictor and cricothyroid
  • 2 nerves- the external laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves
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26
Q

Posterolateral relations of the thyroid gland

A

the carotid sheath and overlaps the carotid artery.

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27
Q

Apex of the thyroid gland is Limited superiorly by the——-

A

attachment of the sternothyroid to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage.

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28
Q

The isthmus is always present. T/F

A

F. occasionally absent

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29
Q

Anterior relations of the isthmus of the thyroid gland

A

covered by right & left sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, the anterior jugular veins& fascia

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30
Q

Posterior relations of the isthmus

A 
Tracheal rings(2-3) 
May be lower or higher
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31
Q

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

32
Q

superior thyroid artery runs intimately with —— at its ——

A

ext. laryngeal nerve.

Front

33
Q

superior thyroid artery runs in what direction from origin?

A

runs downwards and forwards

34
Q

List the branches of the superior thyroid artery

A

Hyoid artery, Sternocleidomastoid artery, Superior laryngeal artery,and Cricothyroid artery

35
Q

The superior thyroid artery pierces the——— to reach the——- where it———

A

pretracheal fascia

upper pole of the lobe

divides to give anterior and posterior branches

36
Q

Fate of Anterior and posterior branch of superior thyroid artery

A

anterior branch of STA descends on the anterior border of the lobe and continues along the border of the isthmus to anastomose with its fellow of the opposite side.

The posterior branch of STA descends on the posterior border of the lobe to anastomose with the ascending branch of the inferior thyroid artery.

37
Q

Inferior thyroid artery runs in what direction from origin?

A

runs upwards, medially, then downwards to reach lower pole of the gland

38
Q

Inferior thyroid artery is——- to carotid sheath and the——- but——— to vertebral vessels

A

posterior

middle cervical sympathetic ganglion

anterior

39
Q

List the branches of the inferior thyroid artery :

A

the inferior laryngeal, the oesophageal, the tracheal, the ascending cervical and the pharyngeal arteries

40
Q

——- part of the inferior thyroid artery is intimately related to the——— found at its ——-

A

Terminal

recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Front

41
Q

Inferior thyroid artery divides into ——-which pierce the fascia separately to reach the ——part of the gland

A

4 or 5 glandular branches

lower

42
Q

superior thyroid artery supplies the superior third of the lobe and upper half of the isthmus .
T/F

A

T

43
Q

The superior thyroid vein drains into the——- or in the——

A

internal jugular vein

facial vein.

44
Q

The middle thyroid vein emerges from ———and soon drains into the——

A

the middle of isthmus

internal jugular vein.

45
Q

Inferior thyroid veins emerge at the—— and forms a—— in front of the ——- that drains into the——-

A

lower part of the isthmus

plexus

trachea

left brachiocephalic vein.

46
Q

A fourth thyroid vein of——- may occur between the ———and drain into the——-

A

Kocher

middle and inferior veins

internal jugular vein.

47
Q

Popular places known for with iodine deficiency

A

Switzerland

-VietnaM

48
Q

Enlarged thyroid is called ——

A

Goiter

49
Q

—— goiter is common in Nigeria and is due to ——

A

Endemic

No iodine in salt

50
Q

Normal anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is for the right to ——- and the left to ———

A
  • on the right side the recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around behind the subclavian artery
  • on the left side this nerve passes around behind the aortic arch before ascending in the neck.
51
Q

in a vascular anomaly of the right subclavian artery, the recurrent laryngeal nerve ——-around this artery.
-It proceeds from the vagus nerve in a more——— to the larynx.

A

no longer “recurs”

transverse direction

52
Q

The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve is more common to which side?…left or right

A

more common on the right than on the left

53
Q

During operation the superior thyroid artery is ligated——- the gland to save the external laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery is ligated——- from the gland to save the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

near

away

54
Q

What lymph nodes drain the thyroid gland

A

upper deep cervical lymph nodes

lower deep cervical nodes

55
Q

Indirect routes of the lymph nodes draining the thyroid gland is????

A

Upper: through the prelaryngeal nodes

Lower: through the pretracheal and paratracheal nodes.

56
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply of the thyroid gland ??

A

mainly from the middle cervical ganglion and partly also from the superior & inferior cervical ganglia.

57
Q

ParaSympathetic nerve supply of the thyroid gland ??

A

recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves

58
Q

List the 2 secretory cells in the thyroid gland

A

Follicular cells

Parafollicular cells:

59
Q

Location of the secretory cells in the thyroid gland

A

Follicular cells:
-lining the follicles of the thyroid

Parafollicular cells:
-lie in between the follicles

60
Q

What does each secretory cell in the thyroid gland secrete

A

Follicular cells:triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine(thyroxine)

Parafollicular cells: secrete thyrocalcitonin

61
Q

Development of thyroid gland starts when???

A

Day 24

62
Q

first endocrine gland to develop is ——?

A

Thyroid gland

63
Q

Thyroid gland develops from a——-grows down in front of the neck from the floor of the primitive pharynx just beneath——.

  • lower end of the diverticulum ———.
  • The rest of the diverticulum remains narrow and is known as the——., which soon disappears and it’s upper end is marked by the——-, it’s lower end persists as the——-
A

median endodermal thyroid diverticulum

tuberculum impar

enlarges to form the gland.

thyroglossal duct

foramen caecum

pyramidal lobe

64
Q

Remnants of the thyroglossal duct may form——-

A

thyroglossal cysts or thyroglossal fistula

65
Q

Thyroid tissue may develop at abnormal sites along the course of the duct resulting in——— and absence of thyroids in the normal location

A

lingual or retrosternal thyroids.

66
Q

What is myxedema

A

Myxedema is another term for severely advanced hypothyroidism

67
Q

Hypothyroidism causes—— in infants and——- in adults.

A

cretinism

myxoedema

68
Q

Benign tumours of the gland may ——-neighbouring structures, like the carotid sheath, the trachea, etc.

A

displace and even compress

69
Q

Malignant growths tend to——- neighbouring structures.

A

invade and erode

70
Q

largest endocrine gland of the body is ——

A

Thyroid gland

71
Q

The thyroid gland moves up and down during swallowing .
T/F

If T, why
If F , why

A

T.

because its capsule is attached to laryngeal cartilages and hyoid bone, which moves up and down during swallowing. Thus thyroid swellings can be distinguished clinically from other swellings in the region of the neck.

72
Q

What is Thyroidea ima artery

A

It is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk or may arise directly from the arch of aorta. It enters the isthmus from below.

Present in only 30% of the cases

73
Q

Which brachiocephalic vein does the inferior thyroid vein drain into?

A

Left

74
Q

Thyroid gland reaches its final destination in development by week -?

A

End of 7th week

75
Q

The thyroid gland becomes functional by —

A

3rd month

76
Q

Thyroid gland assumes it’s definitive shape by ___ week

A

7th

77
Q

Agenesis of thyroid gland usually involves its ____ lobe

A

Left

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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