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ANA 203 > SCALP > Flashcards

SCALP Flashcards

1
Q 
S-
C-
A-
L-
P-
A 
S-skin
C-cutaneous layer(dense)
A-aponeurotic layer
L- loose areolar layer
P- pericranium
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2
Q

Which layer of the scalp has a lot of hair

A

Skin

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3
Q

Which layer of the scalp has sweat and sebaceous glands

A

Skin

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4
Q

Cutaneous layer- loose or dense

A

Dense

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5
Q

Another name for the aponeurotic layer

A

galea aponeurotica

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6
Q

Anterior boundary of the aponeurotic layer

Posterior boundary of aponeurotic layer

A

Frontalis muscle

Bellies of occipitalis

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7
Q

Attachments of aponeurotic layer

Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Laterally

A

Posterior:superior nuchal lines and external occipital protuberance (inion)
Anteriorly:no bony attachments
Laterally:over temporal fascia to meet zygomatic arch

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8
Q

What layer allows for movement of some layers of the scalp

A

Loose areolar tissue layer

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9
Q

Attachments of the loose areolar tissue layer
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

A

posterior: highest and superior nuchal lines
Laterally:superior temporal lines
Anteriorly: eyelids

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10
Q

Which layer has emissary veins

A

Loose areolar tissue layer

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11
Q

Function of emissary veins

A

drains extracranial veins into intracranial venous sinus

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12
Q

Regular Emissary veins pass from where to where

A

Parietal foramen to superior sagittal sinus

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13
Q

Mastoid emissary veins pass from where to where

A

Mastoid foramen to sigmoid sinus

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14
Q

Why is the loose areolar tissue layer called the dangerous layer

A

can transfer extracranial infections

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15
Q

Attachments of the pericranium

A

Sutures of the cranium, not the cranium itself

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16
Q

Lymph drainage of the scalp anterior to the ear

A

Pre-auricular lymph nodes

Parotid gland nodes

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17
Q

Lymph drainage of the scalp posterior to the ear

A

Posterior auricular lymph nodes
Mastoid lymph nodes
Occipital lymph nodes

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18
Q

Blood supply of the scalp anterior to the ear

A

Internal carotid artery-opthalamic artery-supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

External carotid artery-superficial temporal artery

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19
Q

Blood supply of the scalp posterior to the ear

A

Posterior auricular artery and occipital arteries

Both from the external carotid artery

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20
Q

Where does the arteries from the internal and external carotid artery supplying the scalp anastomose

A

Over the temple

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21
Q

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital veins drain into ——

A

Internal jugular vein

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22
Q

Superficial temporal vein drain into ——- then ——- then ———

A

Facial veins; maxillary veins;retromandibular veins

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23
Q

Anterior division of retromandibular vein + facial vein =——- that drains into ——-

A

Common facial vein that drains into internal jugular vein

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24
Q

Posterior division of retromandibular vein + posterior auricular veins =_____ that drains into ______

A

External jugular veins; subclavian veins

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25
Q

Fate of occipital veins

A

Drain into suboccipital venous sinuses

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26
Q

Fate of

Frontal diploic vein

A

Through supraorbital notch into supraorbital vein

27
Q

Fate of

Anterior and posterior temporal diploic vein

A

Ant- ant deep temporal vein or sphenoparietal vein

Post- transverse sinus

28
Q

Fate of occipital diploic vein

A

Occipital vein or transverse sinus

29
Q

How many nerves innervate each side of the scalp
How many at the front
How many sensory and motor

A

10 nerves
5 front, 5back
4 sensory 1 motor

30
Q

List the 5 nerves supplying the scalp anterior to the ear and their origin

A

Supraorbital-trigeminal; opthalamic division
Supratrochlear-trigeminal;opthalamic division
Auriculotemporal-trigeminal;mandibular division
Zygomaticofacial-trigeminal;maxillary division
Motor nerve -temporal branch of facial nerve

31
Q

List the nerves supplying the scalp, posterior to the ear and their origins

A

Great auricular C2C3
Lesser occipital C2
Greater occipital C2
Third occipital C3

Motor nerve-posterior auricular branch from facial nerve

32
Q

What is Cephalohematoma and it’s relation to pericranium

A

Collection of blood just deep to the pericranium . The blood takes the shape of the bone concerned

33
Q

Effect of blood in loose areolar tissue layer

A

leads to generalized swelling of the scalp and the blood can move to root of the nose and into the eyelids causing black eyes

34
Q

What prevent the vessels in the scalp from retracting

A

Cutaneous layer

35
Q

What can make a wound in the scalp gape

A

If it’s a transverse cut

36
Q

Mycotic disease is?

A

Any disease caused by a fungus

37
Q

Xterics of tinea capitis

A

Common; mycotic;ringworm

38
Q

Xterics of pediculosis capitis

A

Hair lice infestation;pediculosis humanus capitis; everyone can get it; common in school-aged children

39
Q

The skin of the scalp is covered with hair all through

T/F

A

F. The forehead isn’t covered with hair

40
Q

Most commonest site for sebaceous cyst is?

A

The skin of the scalp

41
Q

Location of diploic veins

A

Bone of skull

42
Q

Which layer of the scalp can lobules of fat be found

A

Cutaneous layer

43
Q

The occipitofrontalis muscle contains how many bellies and list them

A

4 bellies ;

2 frontalis and 2 occipitalis bellies

44
Q

What is the natural plane of cleavage during a craniotomy

A

Loose areolar tissue layer

45
Q

Pericranium can be easily stripped at all places

T/F

A

F. At all places except where it attaches to the sutures(sutural membrane that attaches to endocardium that lines the inner surface of the skull bones)

46
Q

Origin of the frontal bellies

Insertion of the frontal bellies

A

O:skin and subcutaneous layer of eyebrows and root of nose
I:galea aponeurotica, in front of coronal suture

47
Q

Deep fiber of frontal bellies merge with - - -

A

Procerus, corrugator supercilli, orbicularis oculi

48
Q

Frontal bellies are wider , shorts and do not almost touch at their medial border

T/F

A

F.

They are wider, longer, and their medial borders almost touch

49
Q

Origin and insertion of occipital bellies

A

O:lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line
I: epicranial aponeurosis

50
Q

Xterics of the occipital bellies

A

Small and seperate by considerable gap filled by galea aponeurotica

51
Q

Innervation of the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

Temporal branch and posterior auricular branch of facial nerve

52
Q

Action of occipitofrontalis muscle

A

Eyebrows up in surprise
Wrinkles in fright
Both by contraction of frontalis

Generally, contraction and relaxation of the occipitofrontalis muscle helps to move the scalp forward and backward over the cranium

53
Q

Red indians remove what as punishment

A

Scalp proper( S+C+A)

54
Q

Safety-valve hematoma

A

blood from intracranial hemorrhage
communicates with the subaponeurotic space of the
scalp through the fracture lines. The signs of cerebral
compression do not develop until the subaponeurotic
space is fully filled with blood.

55
Q

What is cephalhydrocoele

A

A situation where CSF accumulates in the sub aponeurotic layer

56
Q

Common location of a cephalhematoma

A

Parietal region

57
Q

Most common birth trauma of the scalp

A

Caput succedaenum

58
Q

Which is more lateral?

Supraorbital artery or supratrochlear artery

A

Supraorbital artery

59
Q

In front of root of zygoma
Behind the root of ear
Midway between the ear and external occipital protuberance

A

Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital arteries

60
Q

How to sharply stop a scalp-hemorrhage

A

Use something to tie the head around, just above the ear and eyebrows

61
Q

Angular vein is made by combo of?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

62
Q

Superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein= _____

A

Retromandibular vein

63
Q

Favored site for intravenous infusion in infants

A

Veins of the scalp

64
Q

What forms the internal jugular vein

A

Inferior Petrous sinus and sigmoid sinus

ANA 203 (26 decks)

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