SCALP Flashcards
S- C- A- L- P-
S-skin C-cutaneous layer(dense) A-aponeurotic layer L- loose areolar layer P- pericranium
Which layer of the scalp has a lot of hair
Skin
Which layer of the scalp has sweat and sebaceous glands
Skin
Cutaneous layer- loose or dense
Dense
Another name for the aponeurotic layer
galea aponeurotica
Anterior boundary of the aponeurotic layer
Posterior boundary of aponeurotic layer
Frontalis muscle
Bellies of occipitalis
Attachments of aponeurotic layer
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Laterally
Posterior:superior nuchal lines and external occipital protuberance (inion)
Anteriorly:no bony attachments
Laterally:over temporal fascia to meet zygomatic arch
What layer allows for movement of some layers of the scalp
Loose areolar tissue layer
Attachments of the loose areolar tissue layer
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
posterior: highest and superior nuchal lines
Laterally:superior temporal lines
Anteriorly: eyelids
Which layer has emissary veins
Loose areolar tissue layer
Function of emissary veins
drains extracranial veins into intracranial venous sinus
Regular Emissary veins pass from where to where
Parietal foramen to superior sagittal sinus
Mastoid emissary veins pass from where to where
Mastoid foramen to sigmoid sinus
Why is the loose areolar tissue layer called the dangerous layer
can transfer extracranial infections
Attachments of the pericranium
Sutures of the cranium, not the cranium itself
Lymph drainage of the scalp anterior to the ear
Pre-auricular lymph nodes
Parotid gland nodes
Lymph drainage of the scalp posterior to the ear
Posterior auricular lymph nodes
Mastoid lymph nodes
Occipital lymph nodes
Blood supply of the scalp anterior to the ear
Internal carotid artery-opthalamic artery-supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries
External carotid artery-superficial temporal artery
Blood supply of the scalp posterior to the ear
Posterior auricular artery and occipital arteries
Both from the external carotid artery
Where does the arteries from the internal and external carotid artery supplying the scalp anastomose
Over the temple
Supratrochlear and Supraorbital veins drain into ——
Internal jugular vein
Superficial temporal vein drain into ——- then ——- then ———
Facial veins; maxillary veins;retromandibular veins
Anterior division of retromandibular vein + facial vein =——- that drains into ——-
Common facial vein that drains into internal jugular vein
Posterior division of retromandibular vein + posterior auricular veins =_____ that drains into ______
External jugular veins; subclavian veins
Fate of occipital veins
Drain into suboccipital venous sinuses
Fate of
Frontal diploic vein
Through supraorbital notch into supraorbital vein
Fate of
Anterior and posterior temporal diploic vein
Ant- ant deep temporal vein or sphenoparietal vein
Post- transverse sinus
Fate of occipital diploic vein
Occipital vein or transverse sinus
How many nerves innervate each side of the scalp
How many at the front
How many sensory and motor
10 nerves
5 front, 5back
4 sensory 1 motor
List the 5 nerves supplying the scalp anterior to the ear and their origin
Supraorbital-trigeminal; opthalamic division
Supratrochlear-trigeminal;opthalamic division
Auriculotemporal-trigeminal;mandibular division
Zygomaticofacial-trigeminal;maxillary division
Motor nerve -temporal branch of facial nerve
List the nerves supplying the scalp, posterior to the ear and their origins
Great auricular C2C3
Lesser occipital C2
Greater occipital C2
Third occipital C3
Motor nerve-posterior auricular branch from facial nerve
What is Cephalohematoma and it’s relation to pericranium
Collection of blood just deep to the pericranium . The blood takes the shape of the bone concerned
Effect of blood in loose areolar tissue layer
leads to generalized swelling of the scalp and the blood can move to root of the nose and into the eyelids causing black eyes
What prevent the vessels in the scalp from retracting
Cutaneous layer
What can make a wound in the scalp gape
If it’s a transverse cut
Mycotic disease is?
Any disease caused by a fungus
Xterics of tinea capitis
Common; mycotic;ringworm
Xterics of pediculosis capitis
Hair lice infestation;pediculosis humanus capitis; everyone can get it; common in school-aged children
The skin of the scalp is covered with hair all through
T/F
F. The forehead isn’t covered with hair
Most commonest site for sebaceous cyst is?
The skin of the scalp
Location of diploic veins
Bone of skull
Which layer of the scalp can lobules of fat be found
Cutaneous layer
The occipitofrontalis muscle contains how many bellies and list them
4 bellies ;
2 frontalis and 2 occipitalis bellies
What is the natural plane of cleavage during a craniotomy
Loose areolar tissue layer
Pericranium can be easily stripped at all places
T/F
F. At all places except where it attaches to the sutures(sutural membrane that attaches to endocardium that lines the inner surface of the skull bones)
Origin of the frontal bellies
Insertion of the frontal bellies
O:skin and subcutaneous layer of eyebrows and root of nose
I:galea aponeurotica, in front of coronal suture
Deep fiber of frontal bellies merge with - - -
Procerus, corrugator supercilli, orbicularis oculi
Frontal bellies are wider , shorts and do not almost touch at their medial border
T/F
F.
They are wider, longer, and their medial borders almost touch
Origin and insertion of occipital bellies
O:lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line
I: epicranial aponeurosis
Xterics of the occipital bellies
Small and seperate by considerable gap filled by galea aponeurotica
Innervation of the occipitofrontalis muscle
Temporal branch and posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
Action of occipitofrontalis muscle
Eyebrows up in surprise
Wrinkles in fright
Both by contraction of frontalis
Generally, contraction and relaxation of the occipitofrontalis muscle helps to move the scalp forward and backward over the cranium
Red indians remove what as punishment
Scalp proper( S+C+A)
Safety-valve hematoma
blood from intracranial hemorrhage
communicates with the subaponeurotic space of the
scalp through the fracture lines. The signs of cerebral
compression do not develop until the subaponeurotic
space is fully filled with blood.
What is cephalhydrocoele
A situation where CSF accumulates in the sub aponeurotic layer
Common location of a cephalhematoma
Parietal region
Most common birth trauma of the scalp
Caput succedaenum
Which is more lateral?
Supraorbital artery or supratrochlear artery
Supraorbital artery
In front of root of zygoma
Behind the root of ear
Midway between the ear and external occipital protuberance
Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital arteries
How to sharply stop a scalp-hemorrhage
Use something to tie the head around, just above the ear and eyebrows
Angular vein is made by combo of?
Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
Superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein= _____
Retromandibular vein
Favored site for intravenous infusion in infants
Veins of the scalp
What forms the internal jugular vein
Inferior Petrous sinus and sigmoid sinus
