TOLD definitions Flashcards
Take-Off Rated Thrust (TRT)
And what variables affect it?
TRT is the maximum allowable thrust (determined by fan speed, N1.
Varies with pressure altitude, RAT, and bleed air usage. Operation limited to 5 MIN
Maximum Continuous Thrust
Maximum allowable thrust (Determined by fan speed, N1) that my be used without a time limitation.
Varies with pressure altitude, ram air temperature, and bleed air usage
What three factors affect TRT and MCT
Pressure altitude, ram air temperature, and bleed air usage.
Runway Available
Runway length minus any unuseable portion of the runway such as the aircraft lineup distance or barriers on or above the runway
Runway Length
Paved surface length excluding any over run
Critical Engine Failure Speed
The speed at which one engine can fail and the same distance is required to either continue to accelerate to lift off speed or abort and decelerate to a full stop
Critical Field Length (CFL)
Total length of runway required to accelerate on all engines to “Critical Engine Failure Speed”, have engine failure then continue to lift off or stop.
Used during T/O planning to determine MAX gross weight for a safe T/O and climbout. Safe T/O…CFL can’t be greater than RWY available
Take-Off Factor
%N1 settings adjusted for OAT and altitude. Presented on a different scale
Take-Off Ground Run
RWY distance normally obtained in service operation @ zero wind, @ the mission specified weight, pressure altitude, thrust setting, ambient temperature, and appropriate T/O configuration using lift-off Speed.
Refusal Speed (Vr)
MAX allowable speed that can be attained with normal acceleration, from which a stop can be completed within the available runway length
Maximum Braking Speed
MAX speed from which the aircraft can be brought to a stop W/O exceeding the maximum brake energy limit (14.8 Million foot pounds)
Rotation Speed (Vrot)
Speed at which the aircraft attitude is increased from the ground run (taxi) attitude to lift-off attitude). Vrot > Vmcg
Vrot must be greater than…
Vmcg
Lift Off
The moment at which the main gear lift off the runway
Lift Off Speed
The speed at which lift off occurs
Take-Off Flare
Ground distance covered between lift off and 50 foot obstacle clearance height
Take-Off Speed
The speed which permits attaining the obstacle climb out speed at or before reaching the 50ft obstacle height above the runway
Climb-out Speed (Vco)
Scheduled single engine climb-out speed that should be obtained at or prior to reaching the 50ft obstacle height.
Due to excess thrust W/ two engine, two-Engine climb-out speed is Vco+10.
Climb-Out Factor
Variable used to determine Takeoff/Climb performance, and obstacle clearance.
MIN 2.5 for all takeoffs
Intersection T/O
Authorized as long as the RWY remaining is at least 6,000ft or CFL which is greater. (Performance restrictions may apply)
Minimum Runway Length Landing
MIN RWY length for full stop LDG is 6,000 or computed landing distance, whichever is greater.
Minimum Runway Length Takeoff
6,000 ft, CFL, or distance to reference zero, whichever is greater
Go/No Go Speed (S1)
The takeoff is committed at indicated airspeeds at or above it. If an engine failure occurs prior to obtaining it and action is taken to stop the aircraft before obtaining it, takeoff abort capability is assured.
In takeoff planning it is equal to or greater than the higher of ground minimum control speed or critical engine failure speed. However, it must not be higher than the lowest of refusal speed, rotation speed, or maximum braking speed. If it is higher, the takeoff weight must be reduced until this requirement is met
As much as _____ million ft-lbs of energy per mile of taxi can be absorbed by the brakes; if taxiing on a downhill grade, assume brakes absorb _____ million ft-lbs of energy
.5 million ft-lbs
2 million ft-lbs
When is an acceleration check required?
S1 < Vrot
Takeoff acceleration check should be adjusted to be at least ______ kts less than S1
10 Knots
S₁ equation
Vmcg, Vcef ≤ S₁≤ Vr, Vrot, Vb
Minimum Control Ground Speed (Vmcg)
88kts
The minimum controllable speed during the take-off run, at which, when an engine is failed, it is possible to maintain directional control using only primary aerodynamic controls w/o deviating more than 25ft laterally on all three wheels.
Vmcg is established with
Remaining engine at TRT
The aircraft loaded at most unfavorable weight and CG
A/C trimmed for takeoff,
Without exceeding 180 lbs of rudder control force with rudder boost operating.
Conditions of crosswind and RCR may increase Vmcg
Minimum Control Airspeed (Vmca)
89 kts
minimum controllable speed in the take-off configuration, out of ground effect with one engine inoperative and remaining engine at TRT
Vmca is determined by
Most critical combination of asymmetric thrust, lightweight, and aft CG.
Vmca speed is established
Aircraft trimmed for takeoff, 5° AoB into the operating engine and no more than 180 lbs of rudder control force with rudder boost operating
Vmca is always less than
T/O speed and is not considered in T/O planning
The max temp generated by brakes does not reach the outer surface of the assembly for ______ min or more
15 min
Thermal fuse screws in the wheel are designed to soften and blow out when temp reaches _____ ° F
430°F
