Togaviruses Genral Equine Encephalomyelitis Chikungunya virus Flashcards
Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions
F
Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
T
The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent
T
Togaviruses cause airborne infection
F
Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only
F
Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents
T
No vaccines are available against togaviruses
F
Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
F
Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
F
The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge
F
Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis
F
In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role
T
Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
T
Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
F
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic
T
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections
T
Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection
F
Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
T
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses
T
Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality
F
Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology
F
In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too
T
Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year
F
Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans
F
An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
T
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses
F
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses
T
Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human
T
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis
T
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
F
Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
F
In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis
T
Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts
T
Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections
T
The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion
T
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea
F
Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis
T
No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses
T
Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents
T
Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide
F
The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide
T
American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans
T
Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses
F
American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes
T
Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes
T
Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines
T
Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse
F
An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
T
Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses
F
Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses
T
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide
F
Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons
T
After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses
T
The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents
T
Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology
F
In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory
F
Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
F
Horse encephalitis occurs only in America
F
Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans
T
Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito
T
