Retroviridae (FeLV FIV Reticuloendothelios Avian Leucosis EBL EIA Arthritis Encephalitis Maedi Visna Jaagsiekte Flashcards
Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong
T
Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme
T
Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses
T
Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low
T
The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA
F
Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare
F
Retroviruses are euryxemic agents
F
Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses
T
Mutation of retroviruses is very rare
F
Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses
T
Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells
T
Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses
T
Retroviruses results in lifelong infection
T
Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells
F
Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts
T
Retroviruses are generally species specific
T
Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks
F
Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection
T
Retrovirus has weak resistance
T
Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum
F
Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity
T
Retrovirus infection is long-lasting
T
Retroviruses show high host specificity
T
Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month
F
Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time
T
Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
T
Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA
T
Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common
T
Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme
T
Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection
T
Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable
F
The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well
F
Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses
T
The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell
T
Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression
T
The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow
T
Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA
T
Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells
T
Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells
T
Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes
T
Retroviruses have a tegument or rind
F
You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially
F
Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal
F
Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary
T
Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell
F
Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses
T
Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes
T
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection
T
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection
F
Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months
F
Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
T
Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal
F
Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure
T
In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months
F-4-5 years at tumour phase (Lymphosarcoma formation)
Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals
T-Vertical transmission exists and created immunotolerant calve
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation
F
Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
T
Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine
F
Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine
F
Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion
F
Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd
T
Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period
T- seropositivity from the first 4 months so yes
Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals
F-2-4 years
Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis
T
Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells
T
Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis
T
The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes
F
The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age
F
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test
T
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk
T
Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
F
Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds
F- in endemic transplacental→ immunotolerance
By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus
T
Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus.
F-1-10% chance for tumour formation (1-4% in Avian Leucosis)
Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA
T
Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months
F-Tumour phase is from 4-5 years duration and most commonly infection occurs at 0.5-3years of age
The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection
F
The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection
T
During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive
T-Incubation Phase=Persistent Infection=1-4 months =Asymptomatic Seroconversion
PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves
T
Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection
T
Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes
F 7 genotypes with uniform antigenic structure
There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
F
There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
T
Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species
F-Artificial infection only
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses
F
Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
T
Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
T
Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds
F
Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus
T
Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant
F
Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment
T
The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months
F-(ip of disease is months to years how is this possible)
Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected with ELISA
F- no seroconversion
Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge
T
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farm
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle
F
Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia
F- epithelial cells of the alveoli and bronchi
Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
T
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gene
T—
No oncogene = Slow transforming retrovirus=cellular proto oncogene is converted to viral oncogene with promoter laying adjacent
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge
T
The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines
F
Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs
F-ip is more months years
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways
T–transformation of bronchial +alveolar epithelial cells to malignant adenocarcinoma
Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains
T
In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia
F–no pneumonia only coughing nasal discharge and dyspnoea
Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough
F
Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis
F
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production
T–no seroconversion
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages
F– epithelial cells-alveolar-bronchial
Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
F–only NZ australia iceland are free
No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals
T–no seroconversion
Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus
F
Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months
F— incubation period is months to years
Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells
F
Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa
F
Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body
F
Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats
F—1-16 week in 70& of progressively or regressively infected cats
There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis
F
FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses
T
Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva
F
Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong
F
Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats
T
Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact
T
Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection
T
Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis
T
Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis
T
Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats
T
There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus
T
Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance
T
Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA
T
Feline leukosis virus is uniform
F
In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV
T
Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity
T
In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign
T
Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR
T
There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus
F
Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats.
F
Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis
F
Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive
T
Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva
T
Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals
F
Feline leukosis is a very rare disease
F
Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus
T
Feline leukosis can cross the placenta
T
Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs
F
Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal
T
Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres
T
Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus
T
Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact
T
Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection
T
Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread
T
Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic
T
Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes
T
Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases
T
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
F
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
T
Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups
T
Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis
T
Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection
T
J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones
T
Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen
T
Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis
T
Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection
T
All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic
T
Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks
F
Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes
T
Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
F
Avian leuKosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis
F
Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues
T
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus
T
Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken
F–in layers more susceptible
Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis
T
Avian Leukosis virus is uniform
F
Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic
T
Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way
F
Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes
T
Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread
T
Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken
F
Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis
T
The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains
F
Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces
T
There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses
F
The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes
T
There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses
T
All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells
T
In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours
F
Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis
T
Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken
F
There are resistant lines to avian leukosis
T
Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis
T
Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis
F
Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis
T
T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus
F–lymphoid leucosis =b lymphocytes
Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common
T
Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses
T
Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance
T
Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus
F
Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces
T
Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection
T
Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis
T
Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals
F
Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis
F
In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched
T
Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis
F
In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs
T
Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease
T
