Retroviridae (FeLV FIV Reticuloendothelios Avian Leucosis EBL EIA Arthritis Encephalitis Maedi Visna Jaagsiekte Flashcards
1
Q
Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong
A
T
2
Q
Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme
A
T
3
Q
Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses
A
T
4
Q
Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low
A
T
5
Q
The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA
A
F
6
Q
Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare
A
F
7
Q
Retroviruses are euryxemic agents
A
F
8
Q
Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses
A
T
9
Q
Mutation of retroviruses is very rare
A
F
10
Q
Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses
A
T
11
Q
Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells
A
T
12
Q
Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses
A
T
13
Q
Retroviruses results in lifelong infection
A
T
14
Q
Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells
A
F
15
Q
Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts
A
T
16
Q
Retroviruses are generally species specific
A
T
17
Q
Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks
A
F
18
Q
Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection
A
T
19
Q
Retrovirus has weak resistance
A
T
20
Q
Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum
A
F
21
Q
Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity
A
T
22
Q
Retrovirus infection is long-lasting
A
T
23
Q
Retroviruses show high host specificity
A
T
24
Q
Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month
A
F
25
Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time
T
26
Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
T
27
Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA
T
28
Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common
T
29
Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme
T
30
Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection
T
31
Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable
F
32
The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well
F
33
Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses
T
34
The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell
T
35
Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression
T
36
The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow
T
37
Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA
T
38
Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells
T
39
Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells
T
40
Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes
T
41
Retroviruses have a tegument or rind
F
42
You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially
F
43
Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal
F
44
Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary
T
45
Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell
F
46
Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses
T
47
Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes
T
48
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection
T
49
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection
F
50
Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months
F
51
Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
T
52
Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
53
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal
F
54
Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
55
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum
F
56
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood
T
57
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants
T
58
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure
T
59
In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months
F-4-5 years at tumour phase (Lymphosarcoma formation)
60
Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong
T
61
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge
T
62
Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles
F
63
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals
T-Vertical transmission exists and created immunotolerant calve
64
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes
F
65
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
T
66
Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian
T
67
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation
F
68
Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis
F
69
Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
T
70
Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine
F
71
Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine
F
72
Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion
F
73
Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd
T
74
Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period
T- seropositivity from the first 4 months so yes
75
Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals
F-2-4 years
76
Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis
T
77
Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells
T
78
Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis
T
79
The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes
F
80
The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age
F
81
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test
T
82
Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk
T
83
Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
F
84
Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
F
85
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd
T
86
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses
F
87
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds
F- in endemic transplacental→ immunotolerance
88
By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus
T
89
Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus.
**F**-1-10% chance for tumour formation (1-4% in Avian Leucosis)
90
Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA
T
91
Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months
F-Tumour phase is from 4-5 years duration and most commonly infection occurs at 0.5-3years of age
92
The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA
T
93
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic
F
94
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection
F
95
The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes
T
96
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals
F
97
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection
T
98
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection
T
99
During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive
**T**-Incubation Phase=Persistent Infection=1-4 months =Asymptomatic Seroconversion
100
PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves
**T**
101
Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection
T
102
Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes
F 7 genotypes with uniform antigenic structure
103
There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
F
104
There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
T
105
Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species
F-Artificial infection only
106
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses
F
107
Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
T
108
Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
T
109
Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds
F
110
Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus
T
111
Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant
F
112
Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment
T
113
The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months
F-(ip of disease is months to years how is this possible)
114
Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected with ELISA
F- no seroconversion
115
Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
116
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge
T
117
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farm
F
118
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle
F
119
Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
120
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia
F- epithelial cells of the alveoli and bronchi
121
Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
T
122
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa
F
123
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gene
**T**---
No oncogene = Slow transforming retrovirus=cellular proto oncogene is converted to viral oncogene with promoter laying adjacent
124
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines
F
125
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge
T
126
The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines
F
127
Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA
F
128
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs
F-ip is more months years
129
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways
T--transformation of bronchial +alveolar epithelial cells to malignant adenocarcinoma
130
Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
F
131
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains
T
132
In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver
F
133
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia
F--no pneumonia only coughing nasal discharge and dyspnoea
134
Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough
F
135
Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis
F
136
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production
T--no seroconversion
137
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages
F-- epithelial cells-alveolar-bronchial
138
Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
F--only NZ australia iceland are free
139
No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals
T--no seroconversion
140
Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus
F
141
Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
T
142
Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months
F--- incubation period is months to years
143
Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells
F
144
Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa
F
145
Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body
F
146
Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats
F---1-16 week in 70& of progressively or regressively infected cats
147
There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis
F
148
FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses
T
149
Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva
F
150
Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong
F
151
Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats
T
152
Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact
T
153
Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection
T
154
Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis
T
155
Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis
T
156
Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats
T
157
There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus
T
158
Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance
T
159
Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA
T
160
Feline leukosis virus is uniform
F
161
In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV
T
162
Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity
T
163
In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign
T
164
Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR
T
165
There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus
F
166
Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats.
F
167
Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis
F
168
Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive
T
169
Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva
T
170
Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals
F
171
Feline leukosis is a very rare disease
F
172
Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus
T
173
Feline leukosis can cross the placenta
T
174
Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs
F
175
Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal
T
176
Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres
T
177
Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus
T
178
Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact
T
179
Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection
T
180
Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread
T
181
Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic
T
182
Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes
T
183
Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases
T
184
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
F
185
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
T
186
Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups
T
187
Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis
T
188
Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection
T
189
J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones
T
190
Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen
T
191
Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis
T
192
Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection
T
193
All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic
T
194
Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks
F
195
Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes
T
196
Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
F
197
Avian leuKosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis
F
198
Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues
T
199
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus
T
200
Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken
F--in layers more susceptible
201
Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis
T
202
Avian Leukosis virus is uniform
F
203
Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic
T
204
Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way
F
205
Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes
T
206
Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread
T
207
Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken
F
208
Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis
T
209
The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains
F
210
Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces
T
211
There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses
F
212
The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes
T
213
There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses
T
214
All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells
T
215
In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours
F
216
Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis
T
217
Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken
F
218
There are resistant lines to avian leukosis
T
219
Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis
T
220
Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis
F
221
Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis
T
222
T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus
F--lymphoid leucosis =b lymphocytes
223
Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common
T
224
Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses
T
225
Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance
T
226
Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus
F
227
Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
228
Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces
T
229
Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection
T
230
Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis
T
231
Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals
F
232
Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
233
Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis
T
234
Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis
F
235
In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched
T
236
Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis
F
237
In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs
T
238
Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease
T
