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EPI.o.i.d > Retroviridae (FeLV FIV Reticuloendothelios Avian Leucosis EBL EIA Arthritis Encephalitis Maedi Visna Jaagsiekte > Flashcards

Retroviridae (FeLV FIV Reticuloendothelios Avian Leucosis EBL EIA Arthritis Encephalitis Maedi Visna Jaagsiekte Flashcards

1
Q

Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong

A

T

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2
Q

Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme

A

T

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3
Q

Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses

A

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4
Q

Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low

A

T

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5
Q

The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA

A

F

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6
Q

Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare

A

F

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7
Q

Retroviruses are euryxemic agents

A

F

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8
Q

Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses

A

T

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9
Q

Mutation of retroviruses is very rare

A

F

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10
Q

Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses

A

T

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11
Q

Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells

A

T

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12
Q

Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses

A

T

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13
Q

Retroviruses results in lifelong infection

A

T

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14
Q

Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells

A

F

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15
Q

Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts

A

T

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16
Q

Retroviruses are generally species specific

A

T

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17
Q

Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks

A

F

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18
Q

Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection

A

T

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19
Q

Retrovirus has weak resistance

A

T

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20
Q

Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum

A

F

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21
Q

Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity

A

T

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22
Q

Retrovirus infection is long-lasting

A

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23
Q

Retroviruses show high host specificity

A

T

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24
Q

Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month

A

F

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25
Q

Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time

A

T

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26
Q

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

A

T

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27
Q

Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA

A

T

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28
Q

Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common

A

T

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29
Q

Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme

A

T

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30
Q

Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection

A

T

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31
Q

Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable

A

F

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32
Q

The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well

A

F

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33
Q

Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses

A

T

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34
Q

The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell

A

T

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35
Q

Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression

A

T

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36
Q

The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow

A

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37
Q

Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA

A

T

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38
Q

Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells

A

T

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39
Q

Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells

A

T

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40
Q

Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes

A

T

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41
Q

Retroviruses have a tegument or rind

A

F

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42
Q

You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially

A

F

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43
Q

Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal

A

F

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44
Q

Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary

A

T

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45
Q

Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell

A

F

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46
Q

Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses

A

T

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47
Q

Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes

A

T

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48
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection

A

T

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49
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection

A

F

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50
Q

Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months

A

F

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51
Q

Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

T

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52
Q

Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

F

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53
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal

A

F

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54
Q

Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

F

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55
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum

A

F

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56
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood

A

T

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57
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants

A

T

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58
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure

A

T

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59
Q

In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months

A

F-4-5 years at tumour phase (Lymphosarcoma formation)

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60
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong

A

T

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61
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge

A

T

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62
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles

A

F

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63
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals

A

T-Vertical transmission exists and created immunotolerant calve

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64
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

A

F

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65
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

A

T

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66
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian

A

T

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67
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation

A

F

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68
Q

Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

F

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69
Q

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

T

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70
Q

Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine

A

F

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71
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine

A

F

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72
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion

A

F

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73
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd

A

T

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74
Q

Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period

A

T- seropositivity from the first 4 months so yes

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75
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals

A

F-2-4 years

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76
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis

A

T

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77
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells

A

T

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78
Q

Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis

A

T

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79
Q

The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes

A

F

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80
Q

The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age

A

F

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81
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test

A

T

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82
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk

A

T

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83
Q

Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

F

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84
Q

Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

F

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85
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd

A

T

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86
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses

A

F

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87
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds

A

F- in endemic transplacental→ immunotolerance

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88
Q

By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus

A

T

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89
Q

Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus.

A

F-1-10% chance for tumour formation (1-4% in Avian Leucosis)

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90
Q

Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA

A

T

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91
Q

Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months

A

F-Tumour phase is from 4-5 years duration and most commonly infection occurs at 0.5-3years of age

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92
Q

The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA

A

T

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93
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic

A

F

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94
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection

A

F

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95
Q

The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes

A

T

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96
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals

A

F

97
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection

A

T

98
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection

A

T

99
Q

During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive

A

T-Incubation Phase=Persistent Infection=1-4 months =Asymptomatic Seroconversion

100
Q

PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves

A

T

101
Q

Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection

A

T

102
Q

Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes

A

F 7 genotypes with uniform antigenic structure

103
Q

There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

A

F

104
Q

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

A

T

105
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species

A

F-Artificial infection only

106
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses

A

F

107
Q

Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

T

108
Q

Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

T

109
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds

A

F

110
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus

A

T

111
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant

A

F

112
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment

A

T

113
Q

The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months

A

F-(ip of disease is months to years how is this possible)

114
Q

Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected with ELISA

A

F- no seroconversion

115
Q

Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

T

116
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge

A

T

117
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farm

A

F

118
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle

A

F

119
Q

Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

T

120
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia

A

F- epithelial cells of the alveoli and bronchi

121
Q

Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

A

T

122
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa

A

F

123
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gene

A

T—
No oncogene = Slow transforming retrovirus=cellular proto oncogene is converted to viral oncogene with promoter laying adjacent

124
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines

A

F

125
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge

A

T

126
Q

The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines

A

F

127
Q

Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA

A

F

128
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs

A

F-ip is more months years

129
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways

A

T–transformation of bronchial +alveolar epithelial cells to malignant adenocarcinoma

130
Q

Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

F

131
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains

A

T

132
Q

In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver

A

F

133
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia

A

F–no pneumonia only coughing nasal discharge and dyspnoea

134
Q

Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough

A

F

135
Q

Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis

A

F

136
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production

A

T–no seroconversion

137
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages

A

F– epithelial cells-alveolar-bronchial

138
Q

Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

F–only NZ australia iceland are free

139
Q

No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals

A

T–no seroconversion

140
Q

Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus

A

F

141
Q

Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

T

142
Q

Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months

A

F— incubation period is months to years

143
Q

Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells

A

F

144
Q

Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa

A

F

145
Q

Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body

A

F

146
Q

Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats

A

F—1-16 week in 70& of progressively or regressively infected cats

147
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis

A

F

148
Q

FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses

A

T

149
Q

Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva

A

F

150
Q

Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong

A

F

151
Q

Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats

A

T

152
Q

Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact

A

T

153
Q

Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection

A

T

154
Q

Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis

A

T

155
Q

Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis

A

T

156
Q

Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats

A

T

157
Q

There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus

A

T

158
Q

Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance

A

T

159
Q

Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA

A

T

160
Q

Feline leukosis virus is uniform

A

F

161
Q

In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV

A

T

162
Q

Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity

A

T

163
Q

In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign

A

T

164
Q

Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR

A

T

165
Q

There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus

A

F

166
Q

Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats.

A

F

167
Q

Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis

A

F

168
Q

Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive

A

T

169
Q

Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva

A

T

170
Q

Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals

A

F

171
Q

Feline leukosis is a very rare disease

A

F

172
Q

Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus

A

T

173
Q

Feline leukosis can cross the placenta

A

T

174
Q

Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs

A

F

175
Q

Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal

A

T

176
Q

Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres

A

T

177
Q

Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus

A

T

178
Q

Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact

A

T

179
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection

A

T

180
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread

A

T

181
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic

A

T

182
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes

A

T

183
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases

A

T

184
Q

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis

A

F

185
Q

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis

A

T

186
Q

Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups

A

T

187
Q

Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis

A

T

188
Q

Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection

A

T

189
Q

J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones

A

T

190
Q

Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen

A

T

191
Q

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis

A

T

192
Q

Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection

A

T

193
Q

All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic

A

T

194
Q

Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks

A

F

195
Q

Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes

A

T

196
Q

Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries

A

F

197
Q

Avian leuKosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis

A

F

198
Q

Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues

A

T

199
Q

Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus

A

T

200
Q

Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken

A

F–in layers more susceptible

201
Q

Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis

A

T

202
Q

Avian Leukosis virus is uniform

A

F

203
Q

Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic

A

T

204
Q

Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way

A

F

205
Q

Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes

A

T

206
Q

Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread

A

T

207
Q

Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken

A

F

208
Q

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis

A

T

209
Q

The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains

A

F

210
Q

Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces

A

T

211
Q

There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses

A

F

212
Q

The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes

A

T

213
Q

There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses

A

T

214
Q

All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells

A

T

215
Q

In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours

A

F

216
Q

Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis

A

T

217
Q

Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken

A

F

218
Q

There are resistant lines to avian leukosis

A

T

219
Q

Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis

A

T

220
Q

Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis

A

F

221
Q

Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis

A

T

222
Q

T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus

A

F–lymphoid leucosis =b lymphocytes

223
Q

Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common

A

T

224
Q

Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses

A

T

225
Q

Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance

A

T

226
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus

A

F

227
Q

Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

228
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces

A

T

229
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection

A

T

230
Q

Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

231
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals

A

F

232
Q

Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

233
Q

Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

234
Q

Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis

A

F

235
Q

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched

A

T

236
Q

Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis

A

F

237
Q

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs

A

T

238
Q

Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease

A

T

EPI.o.i.d (50 decks)

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