influenza Flashcards
Influenzaviruses have segmented genome
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HPAI and LPAI strains differ in the number of basal amino acids in the HA protein
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HA protein of influenza viruses is responsible for the attachment to the cell
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The M2 protein of influenza viruses serves as an ion channel important in the decapsidation
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Antigenic drift means serials of point mutations in the HA and NA genes
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The NA protein in the influenza virus is responsible for the release from the infected cells
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Enzymatic cleavage of the HA protein is needed for the influenza virus penetration into the cell
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Genetic reassortment of human and animal influenza viruses result in the occurrence of new human influenza strains
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Bats have an important role in the epidemiology of influenza
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Antigenic shift is behind the influenza pandemics
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Influenza viruses are classified into genera by their HA and NA proteins
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Influenza causes persistent infection in donkey
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The serotype of influenza viruses is determined by their HA and NA proteins
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The influenza viruses cause respiratory signs in sea mammals
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The host range of influenza virus is determined by the NA protein
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The bird to human host switch of influenza virus is mediated by swine
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The main host of influenza is the swine
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In humans inactivated vaccines are used for the immunisation against influenza
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Antigenic drift is behind the seasonal influenza epidemics
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Antigenic shift means the reassortment of the influenzavirus genome segments
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Influenzaviruses are sensitive to drying out
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For the in vitro propagation of influenza viruses embryonated eggs is used
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The high virulence of some influenza A viruses is the result of mutations in the HA gene
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Dogs are susceptible to horse origin influenza strains
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The HPAI strains can cause CNS Signs
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HPAI causes blood vessel damages and generalised infections
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The HPAI strains are usually developed from the H5 and H7 influenza viruses
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The LPAI causes immunosuppression
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Cat is susceptible to human seasonal influenza
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HPAI strains are mutations of LPAI strains
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HPAI strains belong into a certain haemagglutinin types
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Influenzas Causes enteric symptoms in human
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Anti-neuraminidase drugs inhibit the decapsidation of influenza viruses
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Swine recovered from influenza should not be kept for breeding
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Influenza causes high morbidity but low mortality in swine
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The HPAI causes skin haemorrhages in swine
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Swine influenza outbreaks occur usually during summer
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The mortality of swine influenza is high
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Swine influenza causes high morbidity rate
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To prevent complications of swine influenza penicillin injections are given to sick pigs
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Swine influenza is easily transmitted to people
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To prevent complications of swine influenza, antibiotics used
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In swine all influenza variants can be detected
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In a horse influenza outbreak all infected horses must be killed
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The generalized symptoms of horse influenza are result of the interferon response
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Racehorses should be vaccinated before the influenza season
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Breeding mares should be vaccinated before the influenza season
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Influenza causes persistent infection in horses
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The eggs produced in LPAI infected flock can be hatched
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The HPAI infection can be unambiguously differentiated from Newcastle disease by the clinical signs
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The HPAI strains can cause clinical signs in waterfowl
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In poultry farms LPAI may be endemic without clinical signs
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Waterfowl can carry the influenza viruses for long time
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Influenza viruses are shed by birds exclusively in the nasal discharge
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Avian influenza is zoonotic
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The virulence of avian influenza is determined by the i.v. pathogeny index and mortality
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Avian influenza can switch directly to human and cause epidemics with high case numbers as result of human to human transmission
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In birds all influenza variants can be detected
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Avian influenza of high economic impact is caused by HPAI strains
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Avian influenza virus is primarily spread through bronchial discharge and aerogenic route
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Avian influenza spread by bronchial discharge
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