Brucella Flashcards
Among the Brucella species Brucella melilentis is the most pathogenic species for humans
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Brucella species cannot tolerate high temperature (60 °C) and low pH (pH: 4).
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-resistance medium
Rose-Bengal test is used for the detection of antibodies against brucellae
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Brucellae can be detected by staining in the placenta of aborted foetuses in the case of brucellosis
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Humans can acquire brucellosis from raw milk
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Europe is free from Brucella ovis
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Undulant fever, malaise, inappetence, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains can be the clinical sings of human brucellosis
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Brucella species are generally zoonotic agents
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Brucella are facultative IC agents
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Brucella is generally a notifiable disease
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More than one serological test must be carried out from one serum sample at the same time in the case of serodiagnostics of brucellosis
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Brucellosis is a chronic disease
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Brucella species are gram-negative, fastidious, coccoid rod-shaped bacteria
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There is a serological relationship among some brucella species, because of the same polysaccharides in the cell wall
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Worldwide distribution is characteristic for brucellosis
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-Endemic in Mediterranean Malta fever?
Köster staining is used for staining of brucellae
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Brucella can be both acute or chronic in humans
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Brucella melitensis is endemic in Mediterranean area
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Brucella species are serologically uniform
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Brucella species need cysteine or cystine as an additive for the culture
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Brucella species are not zoonotic agents
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Susceptibility of humans to different Brucella species is different
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Consumption of raw milk is an important route of human Brucella infection
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Brucella need chocolate agar to culture
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There is a close antigenic relationship between B. ovis and B. melitensis
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B. suis is a zoonotic agent
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Brucella ovis needs CO2 to culture
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-obligate aerobic capnophilic?
Brucella are Gram-positive and Köster-positive bacteria
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The antigens of Brucella are uniform
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The majority of the Brucella species can infect humans
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Brucella are not fastidious bacteria, they can be cultured on simple nutrient agar
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Brucella species are non-motile, Gram-negative, small coccoid rods
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There is a serological relationship among B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis, because of the same surface polysaccharides
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There are no brucellosis-free countries in the world
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There is close antigenic relationship between Brucella bovis and Brucella ovis
F-no brucella bovis
Brucella canis is stained red as a result of Köster-staining
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Brucella species are not fastidious bacteria, we can use nutrient agar in diagnostic work
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There is a strong relationship in antigenic structure of Brucella canis and Brucella ovis
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Fetus, fetal membrane and blood sample from the dam must be send to the diagnostic institute in abortion case
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Human brucellosis was described for the first time by David Bruce in Malta Island in 1886
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Brucella abortus stains red as a result of Köster-staining
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There is a strong relationship in the antigenic structure of B. melitensis and B. suis
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All of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents
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Vaccination is a regularly used prevention method in the brucellosis free countries of EU
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In the case of a same serum sample it is advisable to carry out more serological tests for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species, because different serological tests can show different results
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Rev I. is an inactivated vaccine strain
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There are no differences in serological features of Brucella species with veterinary importance
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With Köster-staining all Brucella are positive
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Sheep and goat are the reservoirs for Brucella
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Hungary is Brucella free
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Humans are resistant to Brucella melitensis
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Raw milk consumption can be the source of human brucellosis
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Vaccination against brucellosis is common in the EU
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Attenuated vaccine strains can cause abortion in pregnant animals
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Focal necrosis and inflammation are seen in fetuses aborted due to Brucella
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Brucella is an obligate pathogen
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F?
Brucella are a notifiable disease
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Brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract
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All Brucella can be stained with Köster staining
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There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella
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Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world
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In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes
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Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals
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Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes
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An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis
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Brucella has average resistance
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Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere
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Herd replacement is the only way of eradication of porcine brucellosis
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Wild boars and wild hares can serve as reservoir species of swine brucellosis
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Wild boars can be the carrier of Brucella melitensis
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Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for swine brucellosis
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Brucella suis can cause chronic localized udder infection in cattle
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Brucella suis can infect only pigs
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Wild boars can infect domesticated pigs with Brucella suis
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Brucella suis serological tests can be used for livestock diagnosis only
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Brucella suis can colonise the udder of cattle
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Osteomyelitis is a frequent sign of porcine brucellosis
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Brucella suis causes Swine Brucellosis
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Wild boars can be the source of swine brucellosis in domestic pigs reared outdoors
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European brown hare can carry and shed B. suis biotype 2
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Swine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
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Rev-1 strain is an attenuated live B. suis strain
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B. suis can infect brown hares
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Brucella suis can cause severe abortion in cattle
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Brucella bovis can infect brown hares
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Arthritis is a typical clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
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Farmed pigs are regularly vaccinated against brucellosis in Europe in order to prevent infection from wild boars
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Stock exchange is the only safe eradication method in case of swine brucellosis
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Swine brucellosis is an exotic disease in Europe, we can see this disease in South-East Asia only
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In swine brucellosis the results of serological tests can be used only for herd diagnosis, because the low sensitivity and specificity of these serological tests
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Pneumonia and nasal discharge are characteristic clinical findings in swine brucellosis
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B. suis biotype 2 is widespread in wild swine population all over the world
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Swine brucellosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics
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Porcine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
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With the help of the appropriate antibiotics we can eradicate B. suis from a swine herd
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Humans are not susceptible to the causative agent of swine brucellosis
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Wild hare is an important reservoir of Brucella abortus biotype 2 in Europe
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Brucella suis was isolated by Sir David Bruce as a first time in 1886 in Malta Island
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Brucella suis biotype 2 can cause disease in hares
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In the case of swine brucellosis, no clinical signs can be seen in boars
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Stock exchange in the main way of eradication of porcine brucellosis
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Swine brucellosis is present in wild boars in several European countries
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Hungary is free from Brucella suis
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Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle
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Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents
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Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy
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Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection
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Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis
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Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows
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Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis
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Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
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Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
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Diarrhoea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
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Brucella abortus can cause septicaemia in cattle
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Brucella abortus can cause necrosis in the chorionic villi of pregnant cattle
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ABR test can detect antibodies against Brucella abortus in milk
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Arthritis is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
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Fluoroquinolones are the first choice for treatment of bovine brucellosis
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In case of brucellosis our aim is eradication and maintain the disease-free status
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Abortion is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
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Brucella abortus can colonise the udder and shed with the milk of cows
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Brucella abortus can colonise the testicles, epididymis and accessory genital glands and shed with the semen
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Cattle can be asymptomatic carriers of brucellae
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Infected cattle carry brucellae lifelong
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Calves can be infected with brucellae during pregnancy if the cow is infected
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Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis
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Brucella melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
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Antibacterial treatment is pointless in bovine brucellosis
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Brucella abortus can colonise only pregnant cows or heifers
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Brucella abortus can cause abortion of cattle
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Brucella abortus and brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis
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Bovine brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with penicillins
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Brucella abortus can colonise only cattle
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Cattle cannot infect humans with Brucellae
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The maintaining host of Bruecella abortus is the goat and the sheep
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Orchitis is a clinical sign of Bovine Brucellosis
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Calves can be born with Brucella
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Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract
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In the case of bovine brucellosis abortion usually occurs after fifth month of gestation
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Retention of fetal membranes is a characteristic clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
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Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis occurs in the Mediterranean area
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The S19 strain is an inactivated B. melitensis strain, which can be used for brucellosis
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Nervous clinical signs are frequent in the case of bovine brucellosis
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Bovine brucellosis can be diagnosed using the tuberculin test
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ABR test cannot be used to test colostrum
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Bovine brucellosis is a self-limiting disease
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Bovine brucellosis was described for the first time by Sir David Bruce in 1886
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Bovine brucellosis is not a notifiable disease
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Rose-Bengal test is a frequently used serological test in the diagnostic work of brucellosis
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In ABR (Abortus bang ring/Brucella milk ring) test, we detect brucella antigens in the milk
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Fluoroquinolone treatment can cease shedding of Brucella
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Rev 1. strain is a modified live vaccine strain of B. melitensis
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Sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests, which are used in Brucella diagnostics are different
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Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
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An early antibiotic therapy is really important in the treatment of bovine brucellosis
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Brucella abortus can cause an abortion storm in a newly infected pregnant cattle herd
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In case of bovine abortion we must send only fetal fluid to the diagnostic laboratory, because is enough for the diagnosis
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In the ABR test we detect Brucella abortus bacteria in the cattle milk
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S19 vaccine is a live vaccine, which can cause abortion in pregnant cows
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Serological tests are frequently used methods in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis
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False positive or false negative reactions can be seen in the serological tests in the serodiagnostics brucellosis
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Icterus is a frequently seen clinical signs of bovine brucellosis
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ABR test is a human serological test for the detection of antibodies in human blood serum sample
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Most important clinical sings of bovine brucellosis are icterus and CNS signs
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Cattle are generally infected with Brucella per os
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After infection brucella replicate in the lymph nodes of cattle
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Bulls are resistant to Brucella infection
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Bovine brucellosis is always an acute disease
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Bovine brucellosis is widespread within the EU
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Necrosis of fetal membrane is a post mortem lesion of bovine brucellosis
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Brucella can be detected in fetal membrane and fetus with Köster staining
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Infected cattle can be recognized by detecting Brucella in blood with ELISA
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ABR test is used to detect Brucella in milk
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Brucella abortus causes no disease in bulls
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Brucella are introduced in a herd with infected animals
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Brucella colonize the lymph nodes in young calves
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Brucella abortus can colonize only cattle
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Cattle are mainly infected with Brucella sexually
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Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract only
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Brucella abortus can be carried and shed by dogs and cats
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Brucella abortus can cause abortion wave in a cattle herd, when it is newly introduced
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Fetus, fetal membranes and blood sample of the cow have to be sent to the diagnostic institute in case of abortions
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Antibodies against Brucella abortus are detected in the ABR test
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Male calves may be vaccinated with vaccines containing live attenuated strains, without any side effects
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Rev-1. vaccine can cause abortion of pregnant animals
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Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk
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B. suis can infect cattle.
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Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle
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In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease
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Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection
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Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis
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B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis
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B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle
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Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries
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Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic
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If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until maturity
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In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens
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Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers
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Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary
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The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls
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Histophilus somni and Actinobacillus seminis can cause similar lesions in the genitals of rams as Brucella ovis
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Brucella ovis infection is restricted to urogenital organs
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Brucella ovis can cause an acute abortion outbreak in a cattle herd
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Brucella ovis can cause septicaemia in cattle
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Brucella ovis can infect humans
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Brucella ovis occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world
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Wild hares can be the carrier of Brucella ovis
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Brucella ovis mainly causes abortion, clinical signs in males are rare
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the other way
Brucella ovis is shed in semen
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Brucella ovis and B. canis are koster-negative
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Agar gel diffusion test and ELISA are used for the detection of infection with Brucella ovis
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It is possible to eradicate brucella ovis from infected rams using antibacterial drugs
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Brucella ovis is a zoonotic agent
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The most frequently seen clinical sign of B. ovis infection is abortion of ewes
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Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep or goat milk, are common clinical signs of the disease
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Ovine brucellosis caused by B. ovis is zoonosis
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The Rev-I vaccine strain is an attenuated, live B. ovis strain
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Brucella ovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis also in men
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Brucella ovis has been eradicated from Europe
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Only sheep is susceptible to Brucella ovis infection
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Brucella ovis can cause ascending infection of the genital tract
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in rams
Orchitis and epididymitis are the main clinical signs caused by Brucella ovis
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Sheep, goats, cattle are susceptible for Brucella ovis
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Brucella ovis causes in rams orchitis and epididymitis
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Rams are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
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Sometimes abortion can be seen in the case of brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis
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Brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis is generally treated with tetracyclines
F
Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis
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B. ovis has a wide host range
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Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams
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B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes
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B. ovis will cause high fever
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B. ovis causes severe epididymitis
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You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange
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test and remove
Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
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Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis
F
The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams
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There is no B. ovis in Hungary
F
Brucella ovis generally does not cause septicaemia in rams
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Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk
F
AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep
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The maintenance host of Brucella abortus is he goat and the sheep
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Brucella melitensis infection of sheep and goat is common in Mediterranean littoral
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B. melitensis can disappear spontaneously from sheep and goat
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Herd replacement is the only method of eradication of B. melitensis in a goat herd
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Brucella melitensis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in sheep and goat
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Brucella melitensis can infection only goats and sheep
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Brucella melitensis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
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Brucella melitensis can cause orchitis and epididymitis in rams and bucks
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Diseases caused by Brucella melitensis can be prevented with vaccination
T-rev1 live
B. melitensis infection is common in most EU countries
F
B. melitensis can cause orchitis in rams
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There are vaccines for prevention of B. melitensis
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Brucella melitensis is sporadic in Hungary
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Sheep and goats can be infected per os with Brucella melitensis
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Brucella melitensis causes abortion in goats and sheep
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Brucella melitensis can be prevented by attenuated vaccines
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Self-limiting nature of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is strong
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Brucella melitensis can infect only goats
F
Antibodies against Brucella melitensis can be detected in small ruminants all over Europe
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B. melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe
F
Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis
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B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting
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Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine
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Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis
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Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination
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Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis
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Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
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Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis
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Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating
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B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen
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B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary
F
In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta
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Brucella canis cannot cause abortion in dogs, it causes only orchitis in males
F
Brucella canis can be isolated from blood of infected dogs for years post infection
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Brucella suis can infect dogs
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Brucella canis is the aetiological agent of canine brucellosis
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Scrotal dermatitis is a characteristic clinical sign of canine brucellosis
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Dogs and cats can be infected with brucella abortus without any clinical signs
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Brucella canis is shed in the semen
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Brucella melitensis can infect dogs
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Brucella abortus can infect dogs
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Brucella canis can infect humans
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Agent of canine brucellosis can infect humans
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Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
F
Dogs and cats can carry and shed different Brucella sp. without any clinical signs
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Rev I. is a live vaccine strain of B. canis
F
The most important clinical sign of canine brucellosis is abortion of pregnant bitches
T
For the prevention of canine brucellosis vaccination is a frequently used method in Europe
F
Dogs can carry and shed other Brucella species than B. canis, too
T
Hemoculture is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnostic work of canine brucellosis
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Canine brucellosis is caused by B. canis
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Abortion due to canine brucellosis occurs in final phase of pregnancy
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Canine brucellosis has no clinical sign in male dogs
F
In the case of canine brucellosis the agent can be isolated from blood
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Canine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease
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Dog and cat can carry and shed Brucella species
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Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active infection
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Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os
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Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis
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Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers
F
Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis
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Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis
T
Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis
F
Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis
F
Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis
F
In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture
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In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be infected by cattle
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Hares are susceptible to B. abortus
F
Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis
F
Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans
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High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans
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Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis
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