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EPI.o.i.d > Clostridia > Flashcards

Clostridia Flashcards

1
Q

Most clostridia have low invasive capacity

A

T

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2
Q

Spores of clostridia are generally very resistant against heat

A

T

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3
Q

The habitat of clostridia is the gut and the soil

A

T

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4
Q

Clostridia are obligate aerobic bacteria

A

F

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5
Q

Clostridium perfringens is an obligate pathogenic bacterium

A

F

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6
Q

Clostridium perfringens can produce main and auxillary toxins

A

T

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7
Q

Extracellular enzymes and toxins are virulence factors of clostridia

A

T

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8
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by clostridia

A

F

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9
Q

Clostridium is anaerobe spore forming bacteria

A

T

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10
Q

Clostridium bacteria is not in the environment, because it cannot tolerate oxygen

A

F

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11
Q

Clostridium spreads usually rapid in a herd

A

F

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12
Q

Clostridium spread mostly with insecticides

A

F

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13
Q

Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole

A

T

Enterotoxaemia of young animals foals and piglets

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14
Q

Clostridium difficile is seen in foal and piglets

A

T

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15
Q

Many Clostridium species have flagella

A

F

Only clostridium dificcile has peritrichous flagellae

je giafto troi metronitazoli :)

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16
Q

Clostridium species are only found in the subtropics

A

F

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17
Q

Clostridium can cause severe contagious diseases

A

F

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18
Q

Clostridium are obligate pathogens

A

F

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19
Q

Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema

A

T

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20
Q

Cl. chauvoei is the agent of malignant oedema

A

F

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21
Q

Lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the large muscles

A

T

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22
Q

Malignant oedema is generally endogenous in cattle

A

F
malignant odema = wound only
Black leg =swce sheep wound cattle endogenous

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23
Q

Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of wound infection

A

T

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24
Q

Movement difficulties are frequently seen in the case of malignant oedema

A

T

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25
Q

Clostridium novyi can cause malignant oedema

A

T

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26
Q

Malignant oedema can be diagnosed based on clinical signs

A

F

DDx : Blackleg

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27
Q

Malignant oedema is caused due to wound infection

A

T

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28
Q

Malignant oedema is only in ruminants

A

F

mainly horses also mammals and birds

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29
Q

Malignant oedema, one of the clinical signs is lameness/movement problems

A

T

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30
Q

Malignant oedema, attenuated vaccine for prevention

A

F
Anatoxin anaculture which are inactivated toxin and agent

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31
Q

Clostridium channel is the agent of malignant oedema

A

F

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32
Q

Clostridium septicum is an agent of malignant oedema

A

T

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33
Q

Clostridium histolyticum can cause malignant oedema

A

T

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34
Q

Agents of malignant oedema can be detected by bacterium culture

A

T

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35
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of malignant oedema

A

F

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36
Q

Malignant oedema occurs in ruminants and pigs

A

T

Mammals and birds

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37
Q

Malignant oedema is an acute fatal disease

A

T
Acute for sure 1-2days ip fatal yes because a lot of pathology

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38
Q

Malignant oedema can be treated with antibiotics

A

F

too late

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39
Q

Malignant oedema can occur in any warm-blooded animal

A

F

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40
Q

Once an area is infected with gas gangrene re-occurrence is common

A

T

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41
Q

Malignant oedema cannot occur in swine

A

F

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42
Q

Malignant oedema usually develop following an endogenous infection

A

F

Strictly wound

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43
Q

Malignant oedema is well treated with long-term antibiotics therapy

A

F

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44
Q

Malignant oedema can be treated with polymyxin

A

F

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45
Q

Malignant oedema can be well treated with antibiotics over a long period

A

F

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46
Q

gas gangrene (malignant oedema) is a regional illness

A

F
Worldwide

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47
Q

The lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the lungs

A

F

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48
Q

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

F

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49
Q

Lesions of blackleg are mainly seen on the claws

A

F

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50
Q

Lameness is a clinical sign of blackleg

A

T

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51
Q

Blackleg is a frequent disease in pigs

A

F

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52
Q

Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

F

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53
Q

Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

T

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54
Q

Blackleg occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries

A

F

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55
Q

Blackleg generally occurs in endemic

A

T

Endemic regions

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56
Q

Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs

A

F

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57
Q

Blackleg is a gas gangrene disease

A

T

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58
Q

Blackleg is generally endogenous in sheep

A

F
Swce

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59
Q

Blackleg is generally endogenous in cattle

A

T

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60
Q

Movement disorders and lameness can be clinical signs of Blackleg

A

T

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61
Q

Clostridium chauvoei can produce acids and gas from carbohydrates

A

T

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62
Q

Blackleg occurs mainly in ruminants

A

T

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63
Q

Oedema is a typical clinical sign of blackleg

A

T

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64
Q

Live vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

F

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65
Q

Blackleg infects ovine through wounds

A

T

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66
Q

In Blackleg disease we use attenuated vaccine

A

F

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67
Q

In the case of sheep, blackleg is generally consequence of a wound infection

A

T

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68
Q

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

T

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69
Q

Severe diarrhoea is the main clinical sign of blackleg

A

F

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70
Q

Blackleg occurs in cattle and sheep

A

T

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71
Q

If antibiotics are applied after appearance of the clinical signs of blackleg, treatment is generally successful

A

F

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72
Q

Blackleg disease occurs only in ruminants

A

F

Rarely other species

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73
Q

Blackleg can usually be treated with antibiotics successfully

A

F

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74
Q

Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 6 months-3 years old

A

F

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75
Q

The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei occurs mainly in cattle and sheep

A

T

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76
Q

The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei is primarily the result of endogenous infection in cattle

A

T

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77
Q

Blackleg has four toxins

A

T

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78
Q

Blackleg can be prevented by using vaccine

A

T

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79
Q

We use neomycin and polymyxin to treat disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

F

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80
Q

Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 2 months-2 years old

A

T
swce

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81
Q

Blackleg in bovine is caused by wound infections

A

F

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82
Q

Classical swine fever is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot

A

F

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83
Q

Oedema in the wall of the abomasum and duodenum are postmortem lesions of bradsot

A

T

rennet = abomasum

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84
Q

Bradsot is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

F

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85
Q

Bradsot occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical countries

A

F

north europe kriada frozen potato and turnip

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86
Q

Soil contaminated frozen feed is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot

A

T

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87
Q

Frozen food is a predisposing factor of bradsot

A

T

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88
Q

Bradsot occurs mainly late autumn and winter

A

T

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89
Q

Overeating can predispose the animals to bradsot

A

F

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90
Q

Thickening of and oedema in the stomach wall are typical lesions of bradsot

A

T

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91
Q

Aminoglycosides are successfully used for treatment in the case of bradsot

A

F

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92
Q

Bradsot is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

T

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93
Q

Severe pneumonia is a typical clinical sign of bradsot

A

F

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94
Q

Bradsot has a very fast course

A

T

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95
Q

Bradsot occurs only in suckling lambs

A

F

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96
Q

Bradsot is typically a chronic disease

A

F

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97
Q

Bradsot is common in the summer out on the pasture

A

F

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98
Q

Bradsot is an acute disease resulting in sudden death in many cases

A

T

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99
Q

We can use anaculture strain vaccine against Bradsot

A

T

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100
Q

Bradsot causes oedema of the legs and necrosis

A

F

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101
Q

Post mortem lesions of bradsot can be seen in the stomach (rennet).

A

T

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102
Q

Köves disease is an indicator disease

A

T
Indicator of a primary disease theat caused ulceration haemorrhages on the git.

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103
Q

CSF is a predisposing factor of koves disease

A

T

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104
Q

Köves disease can be seen in pigs.

A

T

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105
Q

Köves disease is caused by Clostridium chavoei

A

F

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106
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in pigs

A

F

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107
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be prevented by using anatoxin vaccines

A

T

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108
Q

Liver fluke can predispose animals to infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

T

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109
Q

In sheep, Clostridium septicum causes necrotic liver infection

A

F

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110
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis causes inflammation and necrotic nodules in the liver

A

T

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111
Q

There is no vaccine to prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

F

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112
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

F

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113
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in suckling lambs

A

F

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114
Q

Parasite infection is a frequent predisposing effect of infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

T

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115
Q

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

T

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116
Q

Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

T

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117
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi

A

T

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118
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is spread by tick

A

F

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119
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi type B

A

T

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120
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is found worldwide

A

T

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121
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be transmitted by liver flukes

A

F

122
Q

Infectious necrotic hepatitis occurs mostly in ** young sheep**

A

F
Mainly sheep also cattle
1-4 years old? is this young

123
Q

There is intravascular haemolysis in the case of bacillary haemoglobinuria

A

T

124
Q

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium haemolyticum

A

T

125
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

F

126
Q

Phospholipidase C is a virulence factor of the agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

T

127
Q

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is mainly seen in cattle

A

T
Black disease SC
Bac haemo CS

128
Q

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

F

129
Q

Jaundice and anaemia are important clinical signs of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

T

130
Q

Red urine is a typical clinical sign of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

T

131
Q

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is a slow, chronic disease

A

F
sudden onset all histolytic clostridia and (enterotoxaemic clostridia?)

132
Q

Bacillary hemoglobinuria can frequently be seen in horses

A

F

133
Q

Clostridium novyi is the causative agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

F

134
Q

Bacillary hemoglobinuria causes severe haemorrhages

A

T

135
Q

Bacillary hemoglobinuria are caused by infection from the soil

A

T
mainly endogenous but also infection from the soil

136
Q

Lamb dysentery occurs in a week old animal

A

T

137
Q

Isolation of the agent from the gut gives aetiologic diagnosis of lamb dysentery

A

F

138
Q

Isolation of Cl. perfringens from the gut confirms the diagnosis of lamb dysentery

A

F

139
Q

Lesions of lamb dysentery are generally seen in the large intestine

A

F

140
Q

Lesions of lamb dysentery can be seen in the small intestine

A

T

141
Q

Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium perfringens B

A

T

142
Q

Lambs have to be vaccinated with anatoxin vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

F
Ewes

143
Q

Lambs have to be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

F

144
Q

Pregnant ewes have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

T

145
Q

Haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a clinical sign of lamb dysentery

A

T

146
Q

Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs around weaning

A

F

147
Q

Lamb dysentery is found in 3-4-week-old lambs.

A

F

148
Q

Pathological lesions of Lamb dysentery starts in the colon

A

F

149
Q

We can culture the pathogen of Lamb dysentery from the intestines

A

T

150
Q

Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium dysenteriae

A

F

151
Q

Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs after weaning

A

F

152
Q

There is no vaccine for the prevention of lamb dysentery

A

F

153
Q

Lamb dysentery occurs in 2-6 weeks old lambs

A

F

154
Q

For diagnosis of lamb dysentery, the pathogen should be cultured from the intestine

A

T

lamb dysentery no bacterium isolation from the gut but microscopy culture is okay

155
Q

Pathological symptoms of lamb dysentery can be found in the large intestines

A

F

156
Q

Lamb dysentery can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes

A

T

157
Q

Lamb dysentery can be successfully treated with penicillin when clinical signs appear

A

F

158
Q

Lamb dysentery occurs in a week-old animal

A

T

159
Q

Lamb dysentery can be diagnosed by culturing the bacteria

A

T

160
Q

Newborn lambs have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

F

161
Q

Toxoid vaccines can be used in the prevention of the disease

A

T

162
Q

Infection of lamb by secretion in the milk

A

F

163
Q

Lamb dysentery occurs in 1-2 weeks old lambs

A

T

164
Q

Struck is caused by Clostridium perfringens C.

A

T

165
Q

Overeating is a predisposing factor of struck

A

T

166
Q

Struck can be seen mainly in lambs younger than 2 weeks

A

F

167
Q

Struck is an acute disease in horses

A

F

168
Q

Struck is a zoonotic disease

A

F

169
Q

Struck is a slow disease of older sheep

A

F
Fast course sudden onset

170
Q

Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact

A

F

171
Q

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life

A

T
2-4d so 1st week

172
Q

The lesions of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen typically in the large intestine

A

F

173
Q

Maternal protection is important in the case of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

T

174
Q

There is no vaccination for the prevention of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

F

175
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows

A

T

176
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens C

A

T

177
Q

Pigs showing clinical signs of enterotoxaemia have to be treated with antibiotics immediately

A

F
Too late
Penicillins to sows

178
Q

Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the small intestine

A

T

179
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia is more frequent in the litter of young than old sows

A

T

180
Q

Clostridium Enterotoxaemia of Piglets occurs in 2-4 days old piglets

A

T

181
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia can be generally seen in weaned piglets

A

F

182
Q

Necrosis of gut epithelium is a postmortem lesion of pig enterotoxaemia

A

T

183
Q

Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is caused by C. perfringens

A

T

184
Q

Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is more frequent in the case of first farrowing Sows

A

T

185
Q

Clostridium perfringens C causes infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

T

186
Q

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in piglets after weaning

A

F

187
Q

The lesions of infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen generally in the small intestine

A

T

188
Q

Necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccination the sow with anatoxin

A

T

189
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia has to be diagnosed by detecting antibodies in the piglets

A

F

direct detection

190
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia causes abdominal contractions in sows

A

F

191
Q

Mesenteric lymph node is congested in case of pig enterotoxaemia

A

F

192
Q

Clostridium enterotoxaemia can be cultured from mesenteric lymph nodes or gut

A

T

193
Q

Enteritis in piglets are caused by Clostridium perfringens D.

A

F

194
Q

Enteritis in piglets can be avoided by anatoxin vaccination

A

T

195
Q

Enteritis in piglets cannot be diagnosed by post-mortem, only by bacteriology

A

F

196
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by β-toxin production in 1st week of life.

A

T

197
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia can cause a high mortality

A

T

198
Q

Necrotic enteritis of piglets cannot be diagnosed by isolating the agent from the gut

A

T
Epidi en na evris c.perfringes C pou kami jalla disease??

culture smear microscopy no isolation

199
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia is not present in Europe

A

F

200
Q

Pig enterotoxaemia cannot be prevented by using vaccines

A

F

201
Q

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D

A

T

202
Q

Overeating is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease

A

T

203
Q

The toxin of the agent of pulpy kidney disease is sensitive to trypsin

A

T
D(α, ε=trypsin act)

204
Q

Pulpy Kidney Diseases is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

F

205
Q

Pulpy kidney disease generally occurs in 1-2week old lambs

A

F

206
Q

Pulpy kidney disease can occur at any age

A

F

207
Q

Pulpy kidney disease of suckling lambs can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes

A

F

208
Q

Sudden change the diet is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease

A

T

209
Q

The toxin damages the endothelial cells in the case of pulpy kidney disease

A

T

210
Q

Neurological signs are typical in the case of pulpy kidney disease

A

T

211
Q

Isolation of the agent is necessary to the diagnosis of pulpy kidney disease

A

F

212
Q

Pulpy kidney disease is typically seen in lambs below 2 weeks of age

A

F

213
Q

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of pulpy kidney disease

A

T

214
Q

Pulpy kidney disease is seen in piglets in the first week of life

A

F

215
Q

Pulpy kidney disease is a worldwide common disease

A

T

216
Q

Enterotoxaemia of sheep is also called pulpy kidney disease

A

T

217
Q

Cattle are not susceptible to this disease

A

T

218
Q

Vaccination are possible against pulpy kidney disease

A

T

219
Q

Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

A

T

220
Q

Ulcerative enteritis of chicken is caused by Clostridium colinum

A

T

221
Q

Ulcerative enteritis is frequently seen in day old chicken

A

F

222
Q

Ulcers sometimes covered with pseudomembranes are frequent post mortem lesions of ulcerative enteritis of chicken

A

T

223
Q

Ulcerative enteritis can occur in 4-12-week-old chickens

A

T

do not confuse with Necrotic enteritis of Chicken caused by C. perfringes A
Broiler 2-5w, turkeys 7-12w

224
Q

Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

A

F

225
Q

Ulcerative enteritis of poultry is generally prevented with vaccination

A

F

226
Q

Lesions of ulcerative enteritis are mostly seen in the small intestines

A

T
First small intestine then upper large intestine

227
Q

Ulcerative enteritis is a common disease in large scale farms

A

T

228
Q

Prevention of coccidiosis can help lower the incidence of ulcerative enteritis

A

T

229
Q

Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of necrotic enteritis of chicken

A

T

230
Q

Foamy, brownish-red faeces is a clinical sign of necrotic enteritis of chicken

A

T

231
Q

Lesions of necrotic enteritis of chicken are typically occur in the large intestine

A

F

jejunum and ileum =SI

232
Q

Day-old chickens are widely vaccinated in order to prevent of necrotic enteritis

A

F

233
Q

Necrotic enteritis mostly occurs in chicken

A

T
Thus the name necrotic enteritis of chicken
Also turkeys

234
Q

Waterfowl are not susceptible to necrotic enteritis

A

F
They are

235
Q

Necrotic enteritis occurs in 1-3 weeks of age

A

F

236
Q

Tyzzer’s disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme

A

T

237
Q

Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens A

A

T

238
Q

Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by obligate pathogens

A

F

239
Q

Gangrenous dermatitis causes muscle oedema

A

T

240
Q

Vaccines are the primary way of prevention of gangrenous dermatitis

A

F

241
Q

Flaccid paralysis is a frequent clinical sign of tetanus

A

F

242
Q

The agent of tetanus is strictly anaerobic

A

T

243
Q

The agent of tetanus can enter the host through wounds

A

T

244
Q

Tetanus is only seen in horse

A

F

245
Q

Over-eating can predispose animals to Tetanus

A

F

246
Q

The agent of Tetanus needs oxygen to replicate

A

F

247
Q

Anatoxin vaccines are available for the prevention of tetanus

A

T

248
Q

Haemorrhages under the serous membranes and enlargement of parenchymal organs are typical postmortem lesions of tetanus

A

F

249
Q

Spasms are typical clinical signs of tetanus

A

T

250
Q

Tetanus is a zoonosis

A

F

251
Q

xoid vaccines can be used for the prevention of tetanus

A

T

252
Q

Dogs are resistant to tetanus

A

F

253
Q

The clinical signs of tetanus are inducible

A

T

254
Q

Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin

A

T

255
Q

For tetanus we use vaccines which contain toxoid

A

T

256
Q

Tetanus cannot be prevented with vaccination

A

F

257
Q

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani

A

T

258
Q

The agent of tetanus causes septicaemia

A

F

The bacterium never enters the bloodstream. Only the toxins released after the autolysis of the vegetative bacterium. Necrotic anaerobic conditions at entry site initiate spore germination.

259
Q

Tetanus can be diagnosed on the basis of post mortem lesions

A

F

260
Q

Clostridium tetani produced endotoxin

A

F
Endotoxins= membrane compounds of gram negative bacteria
Exotoxins = are proteinoid substances released

261
Q

C. tetani needs anaerobic conditions for propagation

A

T

262
Q

Dogs are susceptible to tetanus

A

T

263
Q

Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria

A

F

inactivated toxoid = Anatoxin

264
Q

Tetanus can cause spasms

A

T

265
Q

Horses are resistant to tetanus

A

F

266
Q

Tetanus can only develop after deep wounds

A

F

Not deep only, even navel infection, teeth of foals, and ear tagging

267
Q

Wounds can predispose to tetanus

A

T

268
Q

The paralysis usually starts at the place of the wound

A

F

Spasms begin from the head

269
Q

Clostridium tetani toxin is produced in the feed

A

F

270
Q

Horses are most sensitive to tetanus

A

T

271
Q

Tetanus can be prevented by anatoxin vaccination

A

T

272
Q

Tetanus causes rigid paralysis

A

T

273
Q

There is no vaccine for tetanus

A

F

274
Q

Dogs have high resistance to tetanus

A

T

have natural resistance to the toxin

275
Q

Clostridium tetani produces neurotoxins

A

T

276
Q

The toxin of clostridium botulinum causes flaccid paralysis

A

T

277
Q

Clostridium botulinum generally causes wound infection

A

F

278
Q

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of Botulism

A

F

279
Q

The toxin of Clostridium botulinum has irreversible effect

A

T

280
Q

Botulism can be seen as a result of a wound infection

A

F

281
Q

Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism

A

T

282
Q

Birds are resistant to botulism

A

F

283
Q

Necrotic foci in the liver are typical post mortem lesions of botulism

A

F

284
Q

Generally wounds predispose animals to botulism

A

F

285
Q

The agent of botulism generally produces toxin at the site of entry

A

F

286
Q

Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of the typical post mortem lesions

A

F

287
Q

Clostridium botulinum can produce toxins outside the hosts

A

T

288
Q

No characteristic post mortem lesions can be seen in the case of botulism

A

T

289
Q

Botulism doesn’t occur in Europe

A

F

290
Q

Clostridium botulinum cannot tolerate air at all

A

T

291
Q

Botulism usually develops following a wound infection

A

F

292
Q

Clostridium botulinum propagates in rotten materials

A

T

293
Q

In Hungary, botulism is seen most commonly in birds

A

T

294
Q

Clostridium botulinum spores are extremely resistant to heat

A

T

295
Q

In Hungary, botulism occurs in winter and early spring

A

F

warmer climate summer

296
Q

Botulism is eradicated in Europe

A

F

297
Q

Clostridium botulinum can produce toxin, some of which are activated by proteases

A

T

298
Q

Botulism is seen mainly during summer

A

T

299
Q

Spasms are the typical clinical sign of botulism

A

F

300
Q

Paralysis is the main sign of botulism

A

T

301
Q

Toxins of botulism are produced generally in the food

A

T

302
Q

Animals are mostly sensitive to C and D types of Clostridium botulinum

A

T

EPI.o.i.d (50 decks)

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