Rabies Flashcards
In the case of silent rabies rabid dogs cannot bark
F
Furious rabies = change of behaviour
There is a high level of cross protection between phylogroups of rabies viruses
F
Between members of the same phylogroup
3 phylogroups exists
Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact
T
Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies can be seen in the case of rabies
T
Negri bodies
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus
F
Rabies virus is uniform without serotypes, genotypes etc
F
Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies
T
Puppies have to be vaccinated against rabies at the age of 6 weeks
F
3 months
Rabies virus can infect humans; however, humans are not very susceptible
T
Bat lyssaviruses cannot infect humans
F
Bats infected with European bat lyssaviruses frequently attack animals
T
Rabies is a notifiable disease
T
Increased sex drive is a frequent sign of rabies
T
Sylvatic rabies is maintained by wild living animals
T
Foxes maintain sylvatic rabies in Europe
T
Racoon is one of the species that maintains sylvatic rabies in America
T
In order to prevent sylvatic rabies, foxes are vaccinated per os with live vaccine in bait
T
Changed behaviour and paralysis are clinical signs of rabies
T
The incubation time of rabies is generally 24-72 hours; however, exceptions can occur
F
2-8 weeks
The incubation time of rabies is generally 2-8 weeks; however, exceptions can occur
T
Rabies virus can only be transmitted with bite
F
per os aerosol contact with saliva or neural tissues shedding in milk and urine
The host range of rabies is very narrow, mainly dogs and foxes are susceptible
F
Dogs have to be observed for 14 days if they have bitten humans
T
Herbivorous animals bitten by foxes can be emergency slaughtered
T
Rabies virus can be detected with immunofluorescence test
T
Rabies virus appears in the saliva 2-3 days after the onset of the clinical signs
F
shedding even before CS
Lethality of rabies in humans is high
T
The resistance of rabies virus is low; it cannot survive in the environment for a long time
T
Rabies can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies in paired sera
F
Antibodies against rabies detected with ELISA confirm the diagnosis of rabies
F
indirect detection for vaccination control
direct detection confirms the diagnosis
Rabies virus is spreading alone the nerves in the host
T
Urban rabies has been eradicated from the Earth
F
Urban rabies is maintained by dogs and cats
T
Rabies occurs only in tropical countrie
F
Herbivores animals are generally dead end hosts of rabies
T
Rabies virus replicates in the lymphocytes
F
Postmortem examination of rabid animals is forbidden
F
Haemorrhages of the serous membranes are typical postmortem lesions of rabies
F
Rabies can be diagnosed only by using PCR
F
Post exposition vaccine against rabies can be given to ruminants bitten by foxes
T
Rabies virus does not penetrate the blood vessels
F
Rabies: one of the important symptoms is the change of behaviour
T
Rabies: one important symptom is paralysis
T
In rabies we find purulent encephalitis in negri-bodies
F
Not purulent
With immunofluorescence test we can diagnose rabies
T
We can diagnose rabies by antibody detection test
F
When an animal which is infected with rabies virus attacks another dog, it should be vaccinated immediately
F
Rabies is a uniform virus
F
many phylogroups and serotypes
Rabies is a resistant virus
F
Warm blooded animals can be infected with rabies
T
Rabies can be transmitted only by saliva
F
Fox rabies: we can use live vaccines
T
Since 2002 rabies is eradicated from Hungary
F
Humans can be infected by Rabies bite
T
Humans can be infected by Rabies during organ transplants
T
happened in Germany and USA
Rabies virus is spreading in the infected animals peri-neural
T
Rabies virus is shed in the saliva, before appearance of the clinical signs
T
The incubation of rabies is generally less than one week
F
The rabies virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, genotypes, subtypes etc
F
High amount of rabies virus is shed in the saliva
T
The causative agent of rabies is a uniform virus, without different types or groups
F
The resistance of the rabies virus is good, it retains infectivity for several months in the environment
F
All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus
T
Rabies virus is shed in high titre in the saliva
T
Paralysis is a clinical sign of rabies
T
Foxes are vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine
T
Cattle bitten by rabid animals may be vaccinated post exposition or slaughtered
T
Humans can be infected with rabies, only by being bitten by rabid animals
F
Rabies virus is spreading along the nerves to the central nervous system
T
Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after the appearance of the clinical signs
F
Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical lesion of rabies
F
Immunofluorescence test is widely used diagnostic method in the case of rabies
T
Virus neutralization test is used to the laboratory diagnosis of rabies cases
F
Dogs have to be vaccinated for the prevention of rabies at the age of 3 months for the first time
T
Increased salivation is a clinical sign of rabies
T
Always the furious form of rabies can be seen in dogs
F
furious or silent
Colic can be a sign of rabies in horses
T
Changed behaviour is a clinical sign of rabies of wild living animals
T
Only the classical rabies virus can cause clinical signs, the other genotypes not
F
The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by different wild living animals
T
Rabies virus causes viraemia soon after infection
F
Saliva can contain rabies virus, before the appearance of clinical signs
T
Humans are not susceptible to European bat lyssaviruses
F
There is no haematogenic spreading of the rabies virus
T
No viraemia
Increased sexual activity is seen in rabid cattle
T
Dogs have to be vaccinated against rabies in the first week of life
F
Cattle bitten by a rabid animal can be vaccinated after exposition
T
vaccinated or emerg slaughtered
The rabid bats fly during the day
T
Immunofluorescence (IF) is reliable in the diagnosis of rabies
T
Only the classical rabies virus is present in Europe
F
Urban form of rabies is maintained by the fox in Europe
F
Rabies virus is highly resistant
F
Rabies virus cannot be cultured
F
mouse brain
Presence of antibodies to rabies virus confirms the diagnosis of rabies
F
Detection of Negri bodies is more sensitive than immunofluorescence test, in the case of rabies
F
IF 99% sensitivity
negri bodies can be caused by other stuff as well
Virus isolation is the most widely used way of diagnosis of rabies
T
Inhalation of the virus is the main way of infection with rabies virus
F
Rabies virus is replicating in the lymphoid cells and causes viraemia before the appearance of the clinical signs
F
The incubation time of rabies is variable, generally between 2 and 8 weeks
T
Immunofluorescence test can be used to the detection of rabies virus in the brain
T
Rabid animals have to be vaccinated immediately
F
extermination not vaccination
In cats furious form of rabies is typical
T
In dogs both furious and silent form of rabies can occur
T
Cats + sus= Furious
eq + Ca = Both
Rabies has been eradicated in Europe
F
Rabies spread through venereal
F
The high-titre of virus neutralizing antibodies confirms the diagnosis of rabies
F
Live vaccines are used for the vaccination of foxes against rabies
T
Rabies symptoms appear only after CNS signs
F
Rabies virus can only be found in the nervous system
F
saliva milk urine
