FMD / Vesiciular Stomatitis+Bovine Ephemeral Fever / SVD+VES Flashcards
Taxonomy
FMD virus- Aphthovirus genus - Picornaviridae
Indiana vesiculovirus - Vesiculovirus Genus - Rhabdoviridae
Ephemeral Fever Virus- Ephemerovirus genus - Rhabdoviridae
Swine Vesicular Disease - Enterovirus genus - Picornaviridae (indistinguishable FMD)
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine - Vesivirus genus - Caliciviridae (Atypical FMD)
Vesicle info
FMD (severe in goat and bovine) tattered edge-recover after immune response
SVD ( rupture in 2 days)
VES (heal fast)
VS (turn to ulcers in 1-2 days - Self limiting healing in 10-14 days)
FMD is a chronic disease
F
FMD spreads slowly within the herd
F-highly contagious spreads rapidly with any discharge
FMD virus is shed by semen
T
Dogs are susceptible to FMD
T
Foot and mouth disease is serologically uniform
F-7 serotypes according to location
Foot and mouth disease virus is uniform, there are no serotype or subtypes of it
F
Because of the high variability of FMD virus cross protection cannot be observed even within the serotype
T
Within the FMD serotypes, subtypes can be differentiated
T 30+
The sample from the FMD suspected animal should be submitted to lab cooled but not frozen
T
FMD ulcers are usually sharp edged and regular round shaped
F-tattered (torn poor edged)
The foot and mouth disease is classified into 7 serotypes
T
The primary replication site for FMD is the tongue mucosa
F-tonsils pharyngeal laryngeal mucosa
FMD can be transmitted by frozen meat
T-months alive also by milk powder
The peracut form of FMD causes severe haemorrhages and death by shock
F- en eshei forms nmz
The chronic form of FMD means arthritis
F- no forms no arthritis just lameness- loss of keratin layer in swine feet
FMD is transmitted by insect vectors
F-per os aerogenous and discharge
Vesicles of FMD can fully recover after immune response
T
FMD causes the loss of hoof in swine
T
Foot and mouth disease can be carried for long time in the hoof tissue
T-and tonsils
The SAT-1,2 and 3 serotypes of FMD virus are present in Africa and Arabia
T
In humid cold environment, the FMD virus can retain its infectivity for weeks
T
Even the vaccinated animals can carry and shed the FMD virus
T
The main host (reservoir) of foot and mouth disease virus is swine
F -buffalo bovine
FMD induces lameness in sheep and oral vesicles in goats
T- sheep=limping goats=severe vesicles
FMD virus is shed in milk
T
The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in dried milk for months
T- do not import powder milk
The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in frozen milk for months
T
There are no neutralizing antibodies produced against foot and mouth disease virus
F- seroconversion and healing of vesicles after seroconversion(immune response)
For laboratory tests foot and mouth disease samples should be submitted in buffered transport medium
T
For laboratory tests FMD samples should be submitted frozen
F
The resistance of foot and mouth disease virus is low
F-good medium
The foot and mouth disease virus can retain its infectivity for 40 days in manure
T
In Europe supportive therapy is applied in the treatment of FMD
F only in endemic countries in EU culling remove from herd
Frothy and sticky nasal discharge is the characteristic sign of FMD
F no nasal discharge but salivation frothy sticky full of the virus shedding
The hedgehog is susceptible to FMD
T
All serotypes of foot and mouth disease can be detected worldwide
F
Foot and mouth disease can cause myocarditis in young animals
T
Ruminants can carry foot and mouth disease virus for up to 3 years
T
The Asia serotype of FMD virus is present in Turkey and in the Middle East
T Asia-1
The FMD virus is enveloped
F good resistance so no
FMD virus cannot be propagated in cell culture
F- it can and we see cell rounding and lysis CPE
FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture
F
24 hours after the inoculation of FMD virus into guinea pig paw pad vesicle formation can be observed
T
The FMD mortality is nearly 100%
F
The mortality of foot and mouth disease is very high in all age groups
F
The FMD suspected sample should be sent to lab by post (in mail)
F-not by post very slow
FMD virus can be transmitted by feed
T- per os contaminated feed with vesicular fluids or any discharge
Animals with foot and mouth disease shed the virus in the saliva
T
Animals can be infected with foot and mouth disease by inhalation
T
The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease are the lymph nodes
F-tonsils pharyngeal laryngeal mucosa
The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease is the bone marrow
F
Horses are susceptible to foot and mouth disease
F- not even toed ungulates
Cattle shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time comparing to swine
F-swine shed the virus for shorter time but with higher intensity 1000-3000x more
The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to the environmental conditions
F
We can observe the most severe foot and mouth disease signs on sheep
F
In the control of foot and mouth disease vaccines are used in Europe
F
Vaccination using attenuated vaccines is the main way of control of foot and mouth in Europe
F
9 hours after infection foot and mouth disease virus can be shed by the infected animals
T
Swine shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time than cattle
T
Pigs shed more foot and mouth disease virus than cattle
T
The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to acidic pH
T
Foot and mouth disease virus can infect ruminants and pigs
T
Foot and mouth disease virus can only infect animals
F
FMD is sporadic in Europe
T
Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks
T
FMD virus frequently causes carditis is young animals
T
Water buffalos are not susceptible for FMD
F
The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles and lameness
T
Serological examinations are important in diagnosis of FMD
F
In Europe vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD
T
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognize
T
For Europe Middle-East, Africa and Asia are the main danger to introduce FMD
T
In young animal FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis
T
FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly
T
In endemically infected countries vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD
T
O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world
T
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild
T
he resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days
F
About half of the countries of the world are presently infected with FMD
T
FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle East and North- Africa
T
FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets
T
In infected countries inactivated vaccine are also used for prevention of FMD
T
Pigs shed large amount of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease
T
FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform
F
The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo
T
FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal
T
FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base
T
Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection
F
FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure
T-40d
Genotype C of FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide
F-extinct
Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants
T
Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection
F-9h
FMD virus is shed by semen too
T
Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus
T
Comparing to cattle swine show milder vesicular symptoms
T
Myocarditis can be a result of Foot and Mouth disease cases
T
Vesicles are often seen on the tongue of Foot and Mouth disease infected cattle
T
Europe is endemically infected with Foot and Mouth disease
F
Vaccination against Foot and Mouth disease results in type specific immunity
T- thats why we have polyvalent with serotypes
Pigs are not susceptible to Foot and Mouth disease
F
Foot and Mouth disease virus can be shed from infected animals during the incubation time
T
Vaccination is currently used against Foot and Mouth disease in Europe
F
Foot and Mouth disease virus can only infect ruminants.
F
Foot and Mouth disease is not present in South America
F
Foot and mouth disease virus may cause severe heart muscle damage in young calves
T
Foot and mouth disease are endemic in Europe
F
Foot and mouth disease is clinically more severe in pigs than in cattle
F
Foot and mouth disease virus can replicate in epithelial and myocardial cells
T
Foot and mouth disease virus is spread by infected saliva and vesicle fluids within the herd
T
Foot and mouth disease is caused by 2 viruses
F ahahah
Recovery from foot and mouth disease induces type specific protection
T according to the serotype infected
FMD has 7 known serotypes
T
There are 3 subtypes SAT 1, 2, 3 in the SAT serotype
T
FMD replicates primarily in the pharynx
T-tonsils pharynx larynx throat
In the Asian serotype of FMD there are 3 subtypes, Asia 1, 2 and 3
F
FMD causes most severe symptoms in pigs
F
Vaccination is used against FMD
T
Europe is currently free from FMD
T
FMD replicates in the skin
T
FMD cause skin lesions in bovine
T
FMD cause skin signs in swine
T
In sheep, clinical signs are usually more severe than in cattle
F
For prevention of FMD in Europe only State Vet steps are used
T
Inactivated vaccines can be used in endemically infected countries
T
Only the live attenuated strains can provide good immunity
F
Vaccination of cattle herds is permitted everywhere in case of FMD
F
FMD is characteristic with fever, salivation and vesicle formation in the skin and mucous membranes
T
The replication time of FMD virus is over one day
F-kami shed se 9 ores pos einai dinaton
Calicivirus can cause persisting infections in the tonsils
T
Sapoviruses cause gastrointestinal infections in human
T
The VES infection results in clinical signs similar to that of FMD
T-atypical FMD
The VES virus can survive in water for 2 weeks
T
The primary source of VES infection is sea origin feed
T
VES causes the highest mortality in pregnant sows
F- vesicles rapid healing highest mortality in sea mammals + piglets
VES causes mortality in piglets
T
VES is more contagious than FMD
F
Lameness is one of the signs of vesicular exanthema in swine
T
Vaccines are ideally used for the prevention against swine vesicular exanthema
F
Swine vesicular exanthema virus is present worldwide
F-mainly usa
The Vesicular Exanthema of swine virus infects only pigs
F
Clinical signs of the Vesicular Exanthema of swine can be similar to the Foot and Mouth disease
T
VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles
F
Vesicular exanthema of swine is sea-mammal origin
T
We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness
F
Several serotypes of Swine Vesicular Exanthema virus can be detected in fishes
T-more than 30
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Vesicular Exanthema of Swine virus
F
Midges are the main vectors of the Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
F
Vesicles can be seen in the liver in the case of swine vesicular disease
F
Swine vesicular disease virus cannot cause viraemia
F
Swine vesicular disease virus can cause viraemia
T
Swine vesicular disease is a zoonosis
F
Swine vesicular disease virus can cause vesicles on the snout of pigs
T
The resistance of swine vesicular disease virus is very low; it cannot survive in the environment
F
Haemorrhages in the serous membranes can be frequently seen postmotem in the case of swine vesicular disease
F
Haemorrhages can be seen post mortem in the case of swine vesicular disease
F
The mortality of swine vesicular disease is 40-50%
F
The mortality of swine vesicular disease is very high, it can be 50-60%
F
Swine vesicular disease is frequently seen in Europe
F endemic to italy sporadic in eu
Swine vesicular disease virus replicates in the epithelium of the throat and tonsils
F- throat gut epithelium
Only pigs are susceptible to swine vesicular disease virus
T
Pigs are infected with swine vesicular disease virus per os
T
Swine vesicular disease is present worldwide
T
Swine vesicular disease occurs only in Africa, it never occurred in Europe
F
Swine vesicular disease virus can be shed by asymptomatic carriers
T
Swine vesicular disease virus can infect only pigs
T
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect swine and ruminants
F
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can cause infection per os
T
Swine Vesicular Disease virus does not cause viraemia, only local lesions can be seen
F
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect humans
F
Swine vesicular disease virus cannot survive in the environment
F
Swine Vesicular Disease cause skin lesions in bovids
F
Swine Vesicular Disease is derived from Coxsacki-B5
T
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can replicate in CNS
T in rare cases also cardiac and foetal
Swine Vesicular Disease is present only in Italy
F
Swine Vesicular Disease is present only in Hong Kong
F
Swine Vesicular Disease was present in both Italy and Hong Kong
T
Swine Vesicular Disease has been present in all European countries, but now only present in South-East Asia
F
Swine Vesicular Disease is similar in appearance to Foot and Mouth Disease
T
Swine Vesicular Disease causes skin lesions in cattle
F
Judging from the clinical signs, Swine Vesicular Disease cannot be differentiated from FMD
T
Swine Vesicular Disease is frequent among pigs
F
Lameness can be a sign of Swine Vesicular Disease
T
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses
T
Rhabdoviruses are resistant viruses they can remain infective in the environment for several weeks
F
Rhabdoviruses are generally good antigens
T
Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months
F
The resistance of Rhabdoviruses is good
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus has a narrow host range
F
Vesicular stomatitis is a frequent disease in Africa
F-frequent in usa
Vesicular stomatitis is a widespread disease all over the world
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause clinical signs in horses
T
Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonotic disease
T
Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis
T
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is low
T
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high
F-self healing vesicles in 10-14 days
Vesicular stomatitis causes large number of vesicles in humans
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted by blood sucking arthropods and direct contact
T
The clinical signs of foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis cannot be differentiated in horses
F
Vesicular stomatitis can be transmitted only by arthropods
F also direct from wound
Vesicular Stomatitis virus can be transmitted by arthropods
T
Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, horses, pigs, and humans
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus does not cause viraemia only local lesions
F cannot be detected but exists since there is generalisation (SFALMA-W eho-pppp)
Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects
T
After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity
F long lasting 1 year but not pernament
Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized
T
Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot
T
Only ruminants can have vesicular stomatitis
F
Vesicular stomatitis: animals can recover
T
Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America
T
The host range of vesicular stomatitis and foot and mouth disease is the same
F both euryxen but FMD not in horses(even toed ungulates)
Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus
T
In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus
F
Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines
F-vaccination in endemic like FMD
The vesicular stomatitis virus is uniform, there are no serotypes, variants etc
F- indiana and new jersey
The resistance of the vesicular stomatitis virus is low
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause lesions on the teats
T
The host range of the vesicular stomatitis virus is wide
T
Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine
F
Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus
F
Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans
T
Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks
T
There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitis
F
Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus
T
Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact
T- from wounds
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans
F
Ephemeral fever virus is transmitted by arthropods
T
Direct contact is the main way of transmission of ephemeral fever virus
F-mosquito bite
Ephemeral fever is a frequent disease all over the world
F-tropical rare
Ephemeral fever is a zoonotic disease
F
Ephemeral fever virus is shed in large amount in the saliva
F
Ephemeral fever occurs only in America
F
The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever
T
Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever
T
Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries
T
Inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus
F
The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle
F
Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 days
T
