Bovine Tuberculosis Flashcards
Giant cells typically occur in tubercles
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalised tuberculosis in pigs
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonise only cold-blooded animals
F
Mycobacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria
T—obligate/faculative/saprophyte pathogenic—facultative intracellular
Saprophytic and facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot colonise warm blooded animals
F
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the environment
F
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only colonize in warm-blooded animals
F
There is no antigen connection between facultative and obligate pathogenic mycobacteria
F
Lympho-haematogenous spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of tuberculosis
F—-early generalisation
Lympho-haematogenous spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of tuberculosis.
1) F
There is a close antigen relationship between mycobacteria
T
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis only in ruminants
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in goats
T
Tuberculin is an extract made from broth culture of mycobacteria
T
PPD (purified protein derivate)
• tuberculoproteins
• M. bovis: 20.000 IU
• M. avium subsp. avium: 25.000 IU
The tuberculin contains antigens from mycobacteria
T
Tuberculin is the toxin produced by mycobacteria
F
Intra canalicular spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of tuberculosis
T
Antibodies against mycobacteria are detected in the tuberculin test
F
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause local lesions in pig
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
F
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
T
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common the early generation
T
Mycobacteria can be stained with Ziehl-Neelsen staining
T
Mycobacteria cannot be stained
F
Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can occur and replicate in the environment
F
All mycobacteria species are obligate pathogenic
F
The resistance of mycobacteria is low, they die in the environment soon
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalised tuberculosis in goats
T
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the post primary phase
F—in early generalisation phase
Mycobacteria are highly resistant thanks to lipids and waxes in the cell wall
T
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in badgers
T
Mycobacterium caprae can infect only goats
F
Tuberculosis lesions in the lymph node are common in the early generalization
T
The habitat of the obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
F
Mycobacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria
F faciultative
Waxes can be found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria
T
Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
F
Neutrophil granulocytes can be typically found in tubercles
F—giant cells lymphocytes macrophages histiocytes
Necrosis can be seen in the tubercles
T
The habitat of saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
T
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria cannot colonize mammals
F
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid
T
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens
F
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains large amount of lipopolysaccharide
T
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals
F
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in parrots
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes generalized tuberculosis in badgers
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in poultry
F–mycobacterium avium
All mycobacteria can replicate in the environment
F–not all some are obligate pathogenic
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild living ruminants
T
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild boars
T
If the increase of the thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 1.9 mm the reaction is positive
F– more than 4mm=positive
less than 2mm is negative
2-4mm inconclusive
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is a Type IV. hypersensitivity reaction
T
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment only for a few days
F
Atypical mycobacteria can cause lesions in pigs
T
Mycobacteria caprae can infect cattle, other ruminants and swine
T
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
F
Only cattle maintain bovine tuberculosis
F
Obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the infected body
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in fishes
T
Mycobacteria are not resistant, they can survive in the environment for maximum of two days
F
Mycobacterium suis is the most frequent agent of tuberculosis of pigs
F
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonize the gut of pigs
T
Sometimes facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cause lesions in pig
T
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment
T
Mycobacteria cannot be cultured
F
Waxes and lipids in the mycobacteria are virulence factors
T
The agent of avian tuberculosis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
T
Tuberculin test is an allergic test
T
Mycobacteria can be cultured, but their incubation time is long
T
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by detecting antibodies to M. bovis in the blood with ELISA
F–tuberculin test
The center of the tubercle is necrotized
T
The tubercle consists of histiocytes and foreign body giant cell.
T
The causative agents of tuberculosis are obligate pathogenic bacteria
T
Köster staining is a special staining for Mycobacteria
F—brucella
Mycobacteria are highly resistant
T
Early generalization of mycobacteria occurs via lympho-hematogenous route
T
In dogs’ tuberculosis can be generalized
T
Late generalization can be characterized by lost resistance
T
In the tubercle, coagulation necrosis is seen
T
In the phase of early generalization Mycobacteria do not replicate in the lymph node
F
Mycobacteria are a worldwide disease
T
Chronic tuberculosis causes changes in the lymph node
F
Mycobacteria can be demonstrated from the discharge of sick animals by staining
T
Tuberculosis can be demonstrated earliest by ELISA
F
Tuberculosis can first be diagnosed by PCR
F
Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with certainty serology
F
Mycobacterium infection in pigs can be zoonotic
T
Mycobacterium spp. in swine can be caused by atypical mycobacteria
T
Mycobacteria in swine can be caused by M. bovis and produces localized lesions
T
M. tuberculosis is a common mycobacterium infection of pig
F
Sawdust bedding can predispose pigs to infection by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria
T
The habitat of pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil
F
The habitat of facultative pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil
F
Only cattle are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis
F
Some facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in cold blooded animals
T
Mainly proliferative lesions can be seen in the late generalization phase of bovine tuberculosis
F
Bovine tuberculosis is sustained by infected animals
T
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the early generalization
T
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in milk
T
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in tracheal discharge
T
Infection of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is frequently asymptomatic
T
The sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test is above 90% in cattle
T
If the tuberculin test is negative, it has to be repeated immediately
F
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with facultative pathogenic mycobacteria
F—false negative if old isolated infection, anergy too early infection and immunosuppressed
False positive=parallergy=other bacteria facultative pathogenic mycobacteria or heteroallergy if other genus bacteria with similar antigens like Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis or actinomyces
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is in the exhaust phase
T
The tuberculin has to be injected in the skin fold in the skin intra dermal test
T
The tuberculin test is used for the detection of infection of animals with mycobacteria
T
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is 1.8 mm and there are no local lesions or signs
T
The intradermal tuberculin test is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin is 3.6 mm and there are local lesions or signs
T
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is 3.6 mm and there is no local lesions or signs
T
If the resistance of the animal is high, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be seen
F
In the case of bovine tuberculosis aerogenic infection is the most frequent way of infection
T
In the case of bovine tuberculosis always exudative lesions can be seen
F
Selection (test & slaughter) and generation shift methods can be used for eradication of bovine tuberculosis
T–all 3 methods
Europe is free from bovine tuberculosis; bovine tuberculosis does not occur in Europe at all
F
Rifampicin is frequently used for the treatment of bovine tuberculosis
F–not used not allowed cannot prevent colonisation
The thermal tuberculin test can be used in order to examine the organic reaction of bovine tuberculosis
T
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if only short time (1-3 weeks) has passed since the infection
T
Positive reaction of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
T
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with certain Corynebacterium species
T
Mycobacterium bovis is an agent of bovine tuberculosis
T
If the cellular immune reaction of cattle is weak, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be seen
T
Bovine tuberculosis cause mainly exudative lesions in calves below 1 month
F—pote eprolave afou en months to years to IP
In case of infection with mycobacterium bovis the reaction against bovine and avian tuberculin is about the same in cattle
F–positive bovine needs to be around 4mm greater than the avian
Cough is a typical clinical sign of bovine pulmonary tuberculosis
T
Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae belong to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
T
The incubation time of bovine tuberculosis is 1-2 weeks
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs
T
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read 24 hours after injection
F–72 hours
Dermatitis nodosa is caused by mycobacterium bovis
F—tuberculosis nodosa which is small tubercules in lungs.
Only aerosol infection occurs in the case of bovine tuberculosis
F
The skin intradermal tuberculin test can be repeated within a week if necessary
F—42 days repeating if needed (6 weeks)
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
The primary complex of bovine tuberculosis is generally seen in the gastrointestinal tract
F–95% in th resp. tract lungs
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by pre-allergy
F— paraallergy in false positive and prealergy in false negatives
In the intradermal skin test for tuberculosis, other mycobacteria can cause false positive
T– yes and is called parallergy
The skin intra-dermal tuberculin test is a type IV hyper-sensitivity test
T
Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae can cause bovine tuberculosis.
T
The tuberculin skin test is positive if the skin thickness is 2mm and local signs such as severe oedema of the neck is present
T– + = more than 4mm or local swelling CS
In the exhaust phase of Tuberculosis, the tuberculin test can be false positive
F=false negative
The primary complex in bovine tuberculosis is mainly in the respiratory tract
T
The tuberculin test is inconclusive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 3.2 mm and it is painful
T=local reaction is either (oedema, necrosis, Scab, enlarged LN +pain sensitivity)
The tuberculin test is negative for 3 weeks after infection
T—false negative=prealergy=1-3week post infection
Cattle are vaccinated every year in order to prevent tuberculosis
F
The tuberculin reaction is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 4.1 mm
T
If the increase of thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 4.1 mm, the reaction is inconclusive
F
If the positive tuberculin reaction is caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria the positivity will disappear after a few months
T
Cough is a frequent sign of bovine tuberculosis
T
Intestinal tuberculosis has no clinical signs in cattle
F
Badgers can infect cattle with Mycobacterium bovis
T
Vaccines are widely used to prevent bovine tuberculosis
F
Mycobacterium bovis cannot cause tuberculosis in pigs
F
Mycobacterium bovis can infect cage birds
T
Parallergy lasts lifelong in the case of cattle
F—few months
Inhalation is the most frequent form of infection in the case of bovine tuberculosis
T
Parallergy results in false negative reaction in the tuberculin test
F
If the thickness of the skin is increased with 3.4 mm in the tuberculin test and local lesions are present, test is inconclusive
F—positive
inconclusive is 2mm-4mm and no local reactions
Tuberculotic cattle are treated with antibiotics for at least three weeks
F
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read after 72 h
T
If the intradermal tuberculin test is inconclusive, it has to be repeated within a week
F-42 days
If the skin fold become 3 mm thicker in the skin intradermal tuberculin test and is painful, the test is positive
T
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium can cause positive tuberculin reaction in cattle
T–false positive in this case parallergy
At bovine tuberculosis the resistance of the infected animals effects the clinical manifestation
T
At most cases bovine tuberculosis has a rapid, acute progression
F—most cases is chronic disease
Bovine tuberculosis shows clinical signs mainly under the age of 6 months
F
The main pathogen causing bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
Bovine tuberculosis only affects the lungs
F
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis
T
Tuberculosis causes generalized disease by organic infection in cattle
T
Tuberculosis cannot infect cattle per os
F
Tuberculosis in cattle occurs especially in young animals
F
Cattle tuberculosis can be diagnosed by serological methods
T
Allergy tests
Gamma interferon test
lymphocyte proliferation test
Elisa-antibodies
Cattle tuberculosis is always generalized
F
Tuberculosis in cattle is prevented with frequent vaccinations
F
Cattle are infected with M. bovis mainly per os and enteric tuberculosis is most frequent
F
Cattle infected with M. bovis will carry the bacterium for a maximum of 1 year
F-more
In intestinal tuberculosis, diarrhoea is the main clinical sign
T
In the case of bovine tuberculosis foetuses are generally not infected
T
Generation shift can be used for eradication of tuberculosis
T
Vaccination of 6-month-old calves with BCG vaccine will result eradication of tuberculosis
F
After infection with Mycobacterium bovis cattle remain lifelong carriers
T
The primary complex in cattle is generally in the lungs and the mediastinal lymph nodes
T
In cattle extrapulmonary tuberculosis does not occur
F
Late generalization is characterized by productive processes
F–exudative
Chronic tuberculosis affects organs together with lymph nodes
T
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by 4.5 mm
F
Tuberculin test can detect about 50% of the infected animals
F–90-95% sensitivity
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is highly sensitive in cattle
T
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by 4.1 mm
F
In case of positive tuberculin reactions in a herd, movement restriction has to be implemented
T
The PPD-tuberculin (purified protein derivative) contains the antigenic abstract of the agent
T
During the general tuberculin test we give the tuberculin SC or IV
F intradermal
General tuberculin test is used to trigger a hypersensitivity reaction
T
The tuberculin test can be false negative in cattle within 3 weeks after infection
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False positive in case of infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of anergy
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of pre-allergy
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of older, demarcated nodule
T
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of old, encapsulated lesions
T
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of pre-infection
T
At the end of the disease the probe/intradermal skin test can be negative
T=old infection false negative in this case
In other types of tuberculosis infections the intradermal tuberculin can be positive
T—fasle positive parallergy
Using the thermal tuberculin test, organic reactions can be increased
T
In case of para-allergic reaction we carry out the comparative tuberculin test. In case of para-allergic reaction we eliminate the positive animals immediately
T
In case of para-allergic reaction we perform a test-cut.
F
In addition to para-allergic test we can carry out a gamma interferon test
T
In the case of avian tuberculosis, no tubercles are formed
F
