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Kinesiology > TMJ > Flashcards

TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

TMJ is considered a modified hinge jt because a ________ separates the jt into ________ and _________ articulations with the ________________ and _______________ .

A

Disc
Upper and lower

Mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

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2
Q

The disc in the TMJ functions to:

A

Cousin the large repetitive force of mastication

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3
Q

The osteology of the TMJ consists of

A

Mandibular condyle
Mandibular fossa
Articular eminence of the temporal bone

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4
Q

TMJ joint classification:

A

Synovial

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5
Q

The articular eminence and mandibular condyle are both _________ resulting in an ________________

A

Convex

Incongruent jt

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6
Q

The articulating surfaces are covered in ____________ instead of hyaline cartilage because…..

A

Fibrocartilage

The jt must withstand repeated and high-level stress

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7
Q

The incongruency of the TMJ is addressed by a …

A

Biconcave disc!

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8
Q

Purpose of the articular disc in the TMJ

A 
Allow for congruency through full ROM
Increase stability
Minimize loss of mobility
Reduces friction 
Decrease biomechanical stress on TMJ
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9
Q

The inferior TMJ is a _______ jt that articulates…

A

Simple hinge

The mandibular condyle and inferior disc

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10
Q

The superior TMJ is a __________ jt that ariculates…

A

Gliding

The articular eminence and superior disc

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11
Q

The articular disc of the TMJ is attached to ________&_________ poles of condyle. This allows the condyle to…..

A

Medial and lateral

Rotate on the disc in an AP direction

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12
Q

The articular disc of the TMJ attaches to ________&____________. This will restrict posterior translation of the disc.

A

Joint capsule and lateral pterygoid anteriorly

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13
Q

The articular disc of the TMJ attaches to what posteriorly?

A

The bilaminar retrodiscal pad

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14
Q

The posterior attachment of the articulating disc of the TMJ has 2 parts. What are they and what do they do?

A

Superior lamina- assists the disc in translating anteriorly with mandibular depression

Inferior lamina- limits forward translation

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15
Q

The TMJ capsule is relatively ______ medial/laterally and is _______ & _______ anterior and posteriorly. What does this allow for

A

Firm
Thin & loose

Allows for anterior translation when mouth is open

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16
Q

The TMJ is predisposed to ____________________ due to lack of _________ of the anterior capsule and the _____________ of jt surfaces

A

Anterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle

Strength
Incongruence

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17
Q

Primary ligaments of the TMJ

A

Lateral (TM) ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament

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18
Q

What ligament stabilizes the lateral potion of the capsule and helps guide movement of condyle during opening?

A

Lateral (TM) ligament

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19
Q

What TMJ ligament is weakest?

A

Stylomandibular ligament

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20
Q

What TMJ ligament is a swinging hinge that suspends the mandible?

A

Sphenomandibuliar ligament

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21
Q

What is the normal resting position of the TMJ and how is it maintained?

A

Lips closed, teeth several mm apart

Maintained by low activity of the temporalis muscle

22
Q

List the Osteokinematics of the TMJ

A

Depression/elevation
Protrusion/retrusion
L&R lateral excursion (deviation)

23
Q

Arthrokinematics of mandibular depression at the TMJ

A

Early phase- roll posterior (lower jt)

Late phase- glide anterior (upper jt)

24
Q

Arthrokinematics of mandibular elevation at the TMJ

A

Early phase- glide posterior (upper jt)

Late phase- roll anterior (lower jt)

25
Q

Arthrokinematics of mandibular protrusion at the TMJ

A

Anterior and slight inferior glide of condyle and disc

26
Q

Arthrokinematics of mandibular retrusion at the TMJ

A

Posterior and slight superior glide of condyle and disc

27
Q

Why is there no rotation (rolling) with protrusion and retrusion

A

Actions involve the upper jt only

28
Q

Lateral excursion of the mandible at the TMJ involves primarily _________________________ of the condyle and disc within the fossa.

A

Side to side translation

29
Q

During lateral excursion of the mandible the _________________ condyle serves as a relatively fixed pivot point

A

Ipsilateral

30
Q

Arthrokinematics of lateral excursion (deviation)

A

Contralateral condyle glides anterior and to the side of deviation
Ipsilateral condyle spins

31
Q

What works on the mandible to produce mandibular depression?

A

Gravity
Digastrics
Suprahyoids
Lateral pterygoid

32
Q

What muscles act in the mandible to produce protrusion?

A

Masseters
Medial pterygoids
Lateral pterygoids

33
Q

What muscles act in the mandible to produce retrusion?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Digastric (assist)

34
Q

What muscles work on the mandible to produce lateral deviation?

A

Contralateral med/lat pterygoid
Ipsilateral temporalis
Ipsilateral masseter

35
Q

The _________ and ____________ form a functional sling around the angle of the mandible. Contracting both will create a powerful bite with a max force of _______.

A

Masseter and medial pterygoid

422 N or 95 lbs

36
Q

Interaction with the Masseter and medial pterygoid can be effective at _______________________.

A

Grinding/crushing food

Shear force

37
Q

Normal depression at the TMJ is ________, but only _______ is required for normal mastication.

A

35-50 mm

18 mm

38
Q

The ability to fit 2 knuckles between your teeth is __________. 3 knuckle are ________.

A

Functional

Normal

39
Q

Normal protrusion at TMJ is _______. A functional way to screen is to ___________________________.

A

3-6 mm

See if your lower teeth surpass your upper teeth

40
Q

Normal retrusion at the TMJ is ________

A

3-4 mm

41
Q

Normal lateral deviation at the TMJ is __________

A

10-15mm

42
Q

S/Sx of temporomandibular dysfunction

A

Pain, popping, reduced bite force, reduced ROM wiyh mouth opening, headaches, tinnitus trigger points

43
Q

Factors associated with TMD

A 
Stress/emotional
Daily oral parafunctional habits
Asymmetric muscle activity
Skeet bruxism
Chronic forward head posture 
C-spine pathology
44
Q

Describe Deviation of the mandible

A

Motion that produces an “s” curve with depression or protrusion

45
Q

Describe deflections of the mandible

A

Motion that produces a “c” curve with depression or protrusion

46
Q

Deviations and deflections at the TMJ may result from differently shaped __________________ or it may indicate ________________.

A

mandibular condyle heads

Pathology

47
Q

Articular disc displacement occurs when?

A

The disc subluxes beyond articular eminence

48
Q

Disc displacement with TMJ reduction results in a __________ when?
What is this called?

A

Clicking during mandibular depression and mandibular elevation

Reciprocal click

49
Q

Disc displacement without reduction

A

Disc doesn’t relocate and patient will demonstrate limited mandibular motion due to mechanical obstruction (disc)

50
Q

With disc displacement in the TMJ, the later the click occurs in the opening phase, the _____________ degree of dislocation

A

Greater

51
Q

Patients coming in with TMJ complaints should also have their __________ and ____________ examined because ______________________ may affect tension in the ___________________ which can influence the function of the mandible

A

C-spine and upper quarter

Head and neck position
Cervical muscles

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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