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Kinesiology > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the acetabulum?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

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2
Q

Describe the hip jt

A

Ball and socket jt between the femur and the acetabulum

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3
Q

What part of the acetabulum is covered in hyaline cartilage and articulates with the head of the femur?

A

Lunate surface

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4
Q

What is the deepest part of the acetabulum

A

Acetabular fossa

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5
Q

Describe the acetabular notch.

A

60-70* opening in the inf. Acetabulum

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6
Q

How is the neck of the femur angled with respect to the femoral shaft and distal femoral condyles?

A

Angulated so head faces medially, superiorly and anteriorly

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7
Q

Angle of inclination of the femur

A

Between axis through femoral head/neck and longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft (frontal plane)

Typically 125°

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8
Q

Coxa valga

A

pathological increase in angle of inclination of the femur

>125 ̊

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9
Q

Coxa vara

A

pathological decrease in the angle of inclination at the femur
<125 ̊

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10
Q

What is the function of the angle of inclination of the femur?

A

Optimizes jt surface alignment

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11
Q

Coxa Vera and high BMI can result in what pathology in adolescents?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

Feature in the femoral neck (epiphysis)

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12
Q

What are the negative impacts of Coxa Vara?

A

Increased bending moment arm > increased bending moment > increased shear force femoral neck

Decreased functional length of hip abductor muscles

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13
Q

Negative impacts of Coxa valga

A

Decreased moment arm for hip abductor force

Alignment may favor jt dislocation

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14
Q

Positives of Coxa vara

A

Increased moment arm for hip abductor force

Alignment may improve jt stability

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15
Q

Positives of Coxa valga

A

Decreased bending moment arm > decreases bending moment > decreases shear force across femoral neck

Increased functional length of hip abductor muscle

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16
Q

What is the normal angle of inclination

A

125

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17
Q

Angle of torsion in the femur

A

Between axis through femoral head/neck and the distal femoral condyles (transverse plane)

15 ̊ of anteversion allows for optimal alignment and joint congruence

Norm=8 ̊ to 20 ̊

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18
Q

What is the ideal angle of torsion at the femur

A

15* anteversion

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19
Q

Excessive anteversion of the femur is found with…

A

Coxa valga

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20
Q

Excessive anteversion is associated with

A

Increased hip IR and decreased ER

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21
Q

Excessive anteversion (reduces or increases) hip stabilization

A

Reduces

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22
Q

Retroversion of the femur is associated with….

May cause….

A

Increased hip ER and decreased IR

may cause impingement

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23
Q

How may children display excessive anteversion? Why?

A

In-toeing gait

Improve jt congruency

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24
Q

In-toeing during gate may have what effects on the muscles and ligaments that cross the hip? How would this effect the ROM of the hip?

A

Shortens muscles and ligaments

Reduces ER of the hip

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25
Q

What is the position of the acetabulum?

A

Lateral with inferior and anterior tilt

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26
Q

What is determined by acetabular depth?

A

Femoral head coverage

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27
Q

Describe acetabular dysplasia

A

Shallow acetabulum

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28
Q

Describe Coxa profounda

A

Acetabular over-coverage (excessively covers the femoral head)

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29
Q

What is acetabular anteversion

A

20*

How forward facing the acetabulum is, measured by anterior over-coverage

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30
Q

What is the Cam deformity? How could it cause impingement (femoral acetabular impingement)

A

Extra bone growth at the anterior-superior region of the femoral head

Can press against the acetabulum during IR with flexion

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31
Q

What is the pincer deformity and how can it cause impingement?

A

Abnormal bony extension of the anterior-lateral rim of the acetabulum

Impingement with flexion with IR

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32
Q

Pincer deformity is often associated with…

A

Deep acetabulum or overly retroverted acetabulum

33
Q

What is the function of the transverse acetabular lig

A

Protects the blood vessels that travel beneath it to get to the head of the femur

34
Q

Closed packed position of the hip is….

Definition not position

A

The position where capsule and ligaments are most taunt, not where jt is most congruent.

35
Q

Where is the hip most congruent?

A

Flexion, abd, slight er

36
Q

Where is the position of max articular congruence in the hip utilized?

A

Diagnosis of hip dysplasia

37
Q

Structural adaptations to wt bearing at the hip

A

Bending moment

Trabecular system

38
Q

Tensile forces are applied ___________ to the neck of the femur from the weight of the upper body through the pelvis and GFR

A

Superiorly

39
Q

Compression forces are applied ________ to the neck of the femur from the weight of the upper body and GFR

A

Inferiorly

40
Q

Trabecullar systems in the hip provide ___________!

They are weakest and strongest where?

A

Structural resistance
Strongest where they cross at r angles
Weakest where they are thin and don’t cross

41
Q

The hip jt capsule contributes largely to hip _____. Unlike the GH jt

A

Stability

42
Q

The jt capsule of the hip is thicker _______________ and thin and looser ____________

A

Anterosuperior

Posteroinferior

43
Q

The Iliofemoral ligament provides ________ and controls ________&_________

A

Anterior stability

IR an ER rotation

44
Q

The pubofemoral lig controls

A

ER

45
Q

The ishiofemoral lig primarily restrains

A

IR

46
Q

What hip jt ligaments tighten with hyper extension

A

Ilioifemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

47
Q

The function of the acetabular labrum

A

Deepens concavity

Acts as a seal to maintain negative intra- articular pressure

48
Q

Function of Ligamentum teres

A

Blood flow to the femoral head and some lig function

49
Q

What position can strain or tear the Ligamentum teres

A

Excessive ER

50
Q

The Ligamentum teres is thought to have most function for what population

A

Children

51
Q

Osteokinematics of the hip

A

Flex/ext
Abd/add
Er/ir

52
Q

Arthrokinematics of flexion and ext at the hip

A

Flexion: anterior roll and posterior glide
Extension: posterior roll and anterior glide

53
Q

Arthrokinematics of abd and add at the hip

A

Abd: superior roll inferior glide
Add: inferior roll and superior glide

54
Q

Arthrokinematics of IR/ER at hip

A

IR: anterior roll and posterior glide
ER: posterior roll and anterior glide

55
Q

When wt bearing, the femur is fixed so motion at the hip occurs by…

A

Movement of the pelvis on the femur

56
Q

Osteokinematics of the pelvis on the femur

A

Anterior/posterior pelvic tilt
Lateral tilt
Forward/backward rotation

57
Q

Lateral pelvic tilt occurs in the frontal plane resulting in either _________ or __________

A

Pelvic hike

Pelvic drop

58
Q

In a left leg stance, a right pelvic hike results in ________________ at the left hip

A

Abduction

59
Q

In a left leg stance, a right pelvic drop with result in ________ at the left hip

A

Adduction

60
Q

Arthrokinematics of lateral pelvic tilt

A

Abduction: superior roll and glide
Adduction: inferior roll and glide

61
Q

Arthrokinematics of ant/post pelvic tilt

A

Anterior tilt: anterior roll and glide

Posterior tilt: posterior roll and glide

62
Q

Arthrokinematics of ckc abd/add of the hip

A

Abd: Superior roll and glide
Add: inferior roll and glide

63
Q

Lateral pelvic tilt is seen in ___________ while lateral pelvic shift is seen when ___________

A

Single leg stance

When both feet are planted

64
Q

Forward and backward rotation of the pelvis can be seen in a bilateral stance but mainly occurs in ___________ when ________

A

Single leg stance

Walking

65
Q

Forward rotation of the pelvis results in _______________ of the stance hip

A

IR

66
Q

Backward rotation of the pelvis results in _____________ of the stance hip jt

A

ER

67
Q

Arthrokinematics of forward and backward rotation

A

Forward rotation: anterior roll and glide

Backward rotation: posterior roll and glide

68
Q

Closed packed position of hip jt

A

Full extension with slight IR and abd

69
Q

Open packed position of the hip jt

A

Moderate flexion, slight abd, neutral rotation

70
Q

Capsular pattern of the hip jt

A

IR=FLEX= ABD

71
Q

What muscle groups work together to produce anterior pelvic tilt? What is this relationship called?

A

Force couple between hip flexors and low back extensors

72
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt is associated with an increase in….

A

Lumbar lordosis

73
Q

What muscle groups work to produce a posterior pelvic tilt?

A

Force couple with hip extensors and abdominal muscles

74
Q

Moderate to high power hip flexion is achieved by coactivation of

A

Abdominals and hip flexors

75
Q

To anchor the pelvis for femur movement, the __________ must produce a strong enough ____________ to neutralize the ___________ exerted by hip flexors

A

Rectus abdominis
Posterior pelvic tilt
Anterior pelvic tilt

76
Q

In a single leg stance, the hip abductors must produce (more/less) force to overcome body weight.
What lever is this?

A 
More 
1st class lever
77
Q

Tight hamstrings can cause a posterior pelvic tilt, to augment that stretch perform an

A

Anterior pelvic tilt

78
Q

To augment a stretch in the hip flexors, perform a

A

Posterior pelvic tilt

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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