Postural Deviations Flashcards
Plumb line assessment is utilize to determine
whether points of reference of the individual have the same alignment as those in standard posture
At the side view the plumb line is aligned
Anterior to lateral malleolus
From posterior view, the plumb line is aligned
Equidistant from each heel
In handedness posture, the dominant shoulder is _________ , dominate hip is __________ , non dominate foot is __________ and spine deviates to the ______________ side
Lower
Higher
Pronated
Non dominate
Describe what you would see in a kyphosis-lordotic posture
Head: forward C-spine: hyperextended Scapulae: abducted T-spine: increased flexion kyphosis L-spine: increased extension lordosis Pelvis: anterior tilt Hip: flexed Knee: slight hyperextension Ankle: slight plantarflexion
What muscles would be elongated in the kyphosis-lordotic posture
Cervical flexors
Middle/lower trap & rhomboids
Thoracic erector spinae
External oblique
What muscles shorten in a kyphosis-lordotic posture
Neck extensors
Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors
What would you see in flat back posture
Head: forward C-spine: slightly extended T-spine: upper- increased flexion lower - decreased flexion/straight L-spine: straight/increased flexion Pelvis: posterior tilt Hip: extended Knee: extended Ankle: slight plantarflexion
What muscles are elongated in flat back posture
Hip flexors
What muscles are shortened in flat back posture
Hamstrings
Abdominals
What would you see in a sway back posture?
- Head: forward • C-spine: slightly extended • T-spine: increased flexion, posterior displacement • L-spine: straight/increased flexion • Pelvis: posterior tilt • Hip: hyperextended, anterior displacement • Knee: hyperextended • Ankle: neutral
What muscles are elongated with sway back posture
Hip flexors
External oblique
Thoracic erector spinae
Cervical flexors
What muscles are shortened in a sway back posture?
Hamstrings
Upper abdominals
What is flexed knee posture
LoG passes posterior to the knee jt which creates an external flexion moment at the knee which must be balanced by an internal extension moment created by the quads
How does forward knee posture cause more fatigue of the quad
30 degrees of flexion requires 51% of MVC of the quads to maintain erect posture
When the LOG is considerably anterior to the knee jt axis what do we see?
Hyperextended knee (genu recurvatum) because on the increased external extensor moment
LOG at greater distance from lumbar joint axes resulting in increased extension moment
This creates an excessive __________
What does this do in the lumbar spine?
Anterior pelvic tilt
- Forces lower lumbar vertebrae anterior • Upper lumbar vertebrae move posterior to keep head over sacrum • Increases lordotic curve
Increased cervical lordosis > LOG is anterior to cervical joint axes resulting in flexion moment, causing what posture? This requires what compensation?
Forward head posture
Req constant isometric muscle tension
During pes planus, there is increased calcaneal _________ causing a reduced or absent ______ arch
Eversion
Medial
Pes cavus is characterized by a _______ arch. This is a more ________ foot position but is a poor _____________
High
Stable
Shock absorber
In pes cavus, the wt bearing portion of the foot is…
More lateral
Deviations to scapula position include
Protracted and slightly elevated
Depressed and abducted
Elevated and retracted
Scoliosis is a
Lateral spine curvature
Scoliosis curves are named according to…
Direction of convexity and location of the curve
Scoliosis screenings are designed to identify
Unequal waist angles, unequal shoulder levels/scapulae, rib hump or obvious lateral curvature
Excessive genu valgum is
“Knock knee”
Lateral compression and medial tension/distraction
Often results in pronation at the foot
Genu varum is
“Bow leg”
Medial compression and lateral tension/distraction
What may happen at the patella during genu varum
May be displaced medially
