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Kinesiology > Shoulder Complex > Flashcards

Shoulder Complex Flashcards

1
Q

The Shoulder Complex consists of

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic “joint”

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2
Q

The shoulder complex is designed for

A

Mobility with dynamic stability

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3
Q

The shoulder is susceptible to _________ due to competing ___________&_________ demands

A

Dysfunction and instability

Mobility and stability demands

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4
Q

Describe the sternoclavicular jt

A

Saddle joint between the medial clavicle and clavicular notch

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5
Q

The _____________ shaped articulating surfaces in the sternoclavicular jts are__________ . To help this the joint has a _____

A

Saddle
Incongruent
Disc

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6
Q

The sternoclavicular disc is made of ____________.

A

Fibrocartilage

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7
Q

Functions of the Sternoclavicular jt

A 
Create 2 jt spaces
Promotes stability (increase congruency, absorb forces, limits medial mvmt)
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8
Q

What limits A/P translation of the medial clavicle

A

Posterior fibrous capsule

A&P sternoclavicular ligaments

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9
Q

What ligament limits excessive depression and superior glide of the clavicle?

A

Interclavicular ligament

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10
Q

Functions of the Costoclavicular ligament include

A

Limit elevation of lateral clavicle
Contributes to inf glide of medial clavicle
Shock Absorption

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11
Q

Dynamic stabilization of the sternoclavicular jt

A

Scm
Subclavius
Pec major
Sternothyroid & sternohyoid

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12
Q

Osteokinematics of the sternoclavicular jt

A

Elev/dep
Protract/retract
Ant/post rot

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13
Q

Arthrokinematics of elevation at the sternoclavicular jt

A

Lateral clavicle rotates upward

Superior roll, inferior glide

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14
Q

Arthrokinematics of depression at the sternoclavicular jt

A

Lateral clavicle rotates downward

Inferior roll, superior glide

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15
Q

In elevation and depression at the sternoclavicular jt, the disc….

A

Does not move

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16
Q

During protraction/retraction in the sternoclavicular jt, the disc…

A

Moves with the clavicle

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17
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of protraction at the sternoclavicular jt

A

Lateral clavicle moves anteriorly

Anterior roll and glide

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18
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of retraction at the sternoclavicular jt

A

Lateral clavicle moves posteriorly

Posterior roll and glide

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19
Q

Anterior and posterior rotation at the sc jt occurs around the clavicles…

A

Longitudinal axis

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20
Q

Anterior/posterior rotation at the sc jt occurs as a ________ between articulating surfaces

A

Spin

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21
Q

During posterior rotation at the sc jt the inferior surface turns ____________ and during anterior rotation the inferior surface returns to ___________.

A

Turns anteriorly

Returns to inferior position

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22
Q

In the sc jt, posterior rotation is also described as ___________

A

Backward rotation

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23
Q

What is the closed packed position for the sc jt

A

Full posterior rotation (full arm elevation)

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24
Q

What is the open packed position of the sc jt

A

Arm resting at side

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25
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the sc jt

A

Pain at end range with arm overhead

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26
Q

Describe the acromioclavicular jt

A

Plane synovial jt between the lateral clavicle and acromion

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27
Q

In the ac jt, is there an articular disc?

A

Depends

May or may not be present

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28
Q

What ligament resists anterior clavicular/posterior acromion translation at the ac jt

A

The superior ac ligament

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29
Q

Trapezoid and Conoid ligaments are apart of what ligament?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

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30
Q

What is the function of the coracoclavicular ligament

A

Limit superior clavicular/inferior scapular translation and posterior rotation of the clavicle

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31
Q

The jt capsule at the ac joint is

A

Weak

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32
Q

What are the passive stabilizers of the ac jt

A

Jt capsule
Superior and inferior ac ligament
Coraccoclavicular ligament

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33
Q

What is the primary function of the ac jt

A

Allows scapula to rotate during arm mvmt

Increases ue motion
Positions glenoid beneath humeral head
Maintains congruency of the scapula on the thorax

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34
Q

What are the Osteokinematics of the ac jt

A

Upward /downward rotation
Internal/external rotation
Anterior/posterior tilting (tipping)

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35
Q

Upward and downward rotation at the ac joint is important for…

A

Positioning glenoid fossa in optimal position

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36
Q

Upward rotation of the ac jt is a component of what shoulder movement? During this motion the scapula swings ….

A

Abd or flexion of the shoulder

Upward and outward rotation of the scapula

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37
Q

Downward rotation at the ac jt is associated with what movements of the shoulder? What happens with the scapula during this movement

A

Add and ext.

Brings scapula back to anatomical position

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38
Q

The internal/external rotation at the ac jt is important for

A

Maintaining contact of the scapula on curved thorax during protraction and retraction of the clavicle

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39
Q

Anterior/posterior tilting (tipping) at the ac jt is important for…

A

Maintaining contact of the scapula on curved thorax during elevation/depression of clavicle

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40
Q

What is the closed packed position for the ac jt

A

Arm abducted to 90

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41
Q

What is the open packed position for the ac jt

A

Arm resting at the side

42
Q

What is the capsular pattern at the ac jt

A

Pain at end range with arm overhead

43
Q

Scapulaothoracic “jt” is not a true anatomical jt. Therefore movement here depends on the

A

Integrity of the sc and ac jts

44
Q

Primary Osteokinematics of the scapulothoracic “jt”

A

Elevation/depression
Protraction/retraction
Upward/downward rotation

45
Q

Secondary movements at the scapulothoracic “jt” work to..

A

Keep congruency between the scapula and thorax

46
Q

Secondary Osteokinematics of the scapulothoracic “jt”

A

Anterior/posterior tilt

Internal/external rotation

47
Q

Elevation of the scapulothoracic “jt” is a combination of ……

This is observed in..

A

Sc jt elevation and ac jt downward rotation

A shoulder shrug

48
Q

Protraction of the scapulothoracic “jt” is a combination of

A

Sc jt protraction and slight ac jt IR

49
Q

Retraction at the scapulaothoracic “jt” is a combination of

A

Sc jt retraction and slight ac jt ER

50
Q

depression of the scapulothoracic “jt” is a combination of

A

Sc jt depression and ac jt upward rotation

51
Q

Upward rotation at the scapulothoracic jt is a combination of

A

Sc jt elevation and ac jt upward rotation

52
Q

Upward rotation at the scapulothoracic jt is observed during

A

Flex/abd of the shoulder

53
Q

Downward rotation at the scapulothoracic “jt” is a combination of

A

Sc jt depression and ac jt downward rotation

54
Q

Describe the glenohumeral jt

A

Ball and socket jt between the glenoid fossa and head of the humerus

55
Q

Angle of inclination at gh jt

A

130-150 in the frontal plane

Angle Between the head of the humerus and the shaft of the humerus

56
Q

Angle of torsion at the gh jt

A

30 posterior in the transverse plane

Angle between the head of humerus and the condyles

57
Q

Retroversion at the gh jt

A

Posterior orientation of the humeral head with regard to the condyles (angle of torsion)
30

58
Q

glenoid labrum functions

A

Enhance concavity and increase articular surface

Resist humeral head translations, dissipate force, and protect bony edges

Attachment of the gh ligaments and tendon of biceps long head

59
Q

The joint capsule in the gh jt is

A

Significantly lax which provides minimal stability

Reinforced by thicker external ligaments

60
Q

The inferior portion of the joint capsule is slack in the _____________ position creating _______

A

Adduction

Axillary patch

61
Q

The joint capsule of the GH jt is reinforced by

A

external ligaments and dynamic stability of the rotator cuff

62
Q

External GH ligaments include

A

Superior, middle, and inferior GH ligaments

Coracohumeral lig.

63
Q

What ligament limits ER, anterior and inferior translation at 0 abd and slackens when abd beyond 35-45

A

Superior GH lig

64
Q

The middle GH Lig limits

A

Anterior translation from 45-90 abd and extremes of ER

65
Q

The inferior GH lig has 3 components:

And is the primary stabilizer when?

A

Anterior band, posterior band, and axillary pouch

Primary stabilizer beyond 45 of abd or with combined abd and rotation

66
Q

The coracohumeral ligament limits

A

Inferior translation and er of the humeral head with arm hanging at the side

67
Q

The rotator cuff muscles reinforce the GH jt capsule by

A

Protecting and actively stabilizing the GH jt with dynamic activities

68
Q

The rotator cuff muscles reinforce the GH jt everywhere except:

A

Inferiorly

The region btw subscapularis and Supraspinatus (rotator interval)

69
Q

When the rotator cuff can not reinforce the GH jt at the rotator interval, it is instead reinforced by:

A

Long head of the biceps, coracohumeral lig, and superior/middle gh lig

70
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of flexion in the gh jt

A

Anterior roll and posterior glide

71
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of extension at the gh jt

A

Posterior roll and anterior glide

72
Q

Flexion causes tension throughout the capsule of the gh jt. Therefore what may see __________ at end range flexion due to tension in the ____________

A

Slight anterior translation

Tension in posterior capsule

73
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of adduction at the gh jt

A

Inferior roll superior glide

74
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of abduction at the gh jt

A

Superior roll inferior glide

75
Q

To reach full abd rom at the gh jt will require

A

Some external rotation to move the humerus into a more optimal position (better pull and less bony blocks)

76
Q

Inferior gh ligament _________ with abduction

A

Tightens

77
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of IR at the gh jt

A

Anterior roll

Posterior glide

78
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of ER at the gh jt

A

Posterior roll and anterior glide

79
Q

What is the closed packed position of gh jt

A

90 abd and full er
or
full abd and er

80
Q

What is the open packed position of the gh jt

A

Abd 55, horizontally abd 30, slight er

81
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the gh jt

A

ER > ABD > IR

82
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

For every 2 degrees of GH movement there is 1 degree of scapular motion during elevation/abduction

83
Q

According to scapulohumeral rhythm the 180 degrees of ABD is comprised of

A

120 degrees of GH motion
And
60 degrees of Scapulothoracic upward rotation

84
Q

Ideal shoulder girdle posture:

A

Slightly elevated and relatively retracted scapula

= slightly upward facing glenoid fossa

85
Q

Pathologies that can reduce muscular support of the shoulder girdle

A

Stroke
Muscular dystrophy
Guillain-Barre
Nerve impingement

86
Q

Effect of gravity on scapulothoracic posture

A

Depressed, protracted and excessively downwardly rotated scapula

87
Q

“Rounded shoulders” what is it and what does this posture predispose you for

A

Slight depression, downward rotation, and protraction of scapula

Predisposes an individual to impingement

88
Q

Causes for rounded shoulders

A 
General laxity
Muscle tightness
Fatigue/weakness
GH jt capsule tightness
Abnormal cervicothoracic posture 
Habit
89
Q

For a pure retraction what must happen?

A

With full retraction effort…

Elevation tendency of rhomboids neutralized by depression tendency of lower trap

90
Q

If the deltoid is not working, can you achieve full abd? Why?

A

Supraspinatus can perform full abd but torque is significantly reduced

91
Q

If the Supraspinatus is not working, is full abd possible? Why?

A

Not possible due to the weakness of the deltoid and altered Arthrokinematics

92
Q

What muscles can contract simultaneously to produce upward rotation during GH abd?

A

Serratus anterior
Upper trap
Lower trap

93
Q

Scapular winging

A

Excessive IR of the scapula visualized with attempted elevation of the arm

94
Q

Describe the relationship between the Supraspinatus and Arthrokinematics of the GH jt

A

Drives superior roll of the humeral head

Compresses humeral head against glenoid

Creates a semirigid spacer above the humeral head, restricting excessive superior translation of the humerus

95
Q

Describe how the infraspinatus, teres minor and subscap work together to impact the Arthrokinematics of the GH jt

A

Exerts a depression force on the humeral head

96
Q

Describe how the infraspinatus and teres minor work together to impact the Arthrokinematics at the GH jt

A

ER humerus during arm motions

97
Q

How does a reverse shoulder arthroplasy help the deltoid to increase ABD leverage?

A

It shifts the axis of rotation medially and inferiorly in relation to the scapula, increasing mechanical advantage of the deltoid

98
Q

What 3 muscles work to stabilize the scapula?

A

Rhomboids downwardly rotate and retract the scapula during add and extension of the GH jt

Middle traps assist
And teres major

99
Q

When the infraspinatus externally rotates the shoulder the _____________ acts to stabilize the scapula. If the scapula moves into IR, this would create _______ that effects the GH motion.

A

Middle trap

Dyskinesis

100
Q

Scapular dyskinesis

A

Any abnormal position or movement of the scapula

Typically seen as reduced upward rotation, excess downward rotation, IR, anterior tilt or elevation of the scapula with the movement of the gh jt

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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