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Kinesiology > Thoracic Spine & Ribs > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine & Ribs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the typical thoracic vertebrae?

A

T2-T9

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2
Q

Body of a typical thoracic vertebra is roughly equal in__________ and ____________ and contain costal _____________

A

Width and depth

Demifacet

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3
Q

The IV disc of a typical thoracic vertebra has the ____________ ratio of disc height to vertebrae height. What does this mean?

A

Smallest

Less mobile

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4
Q

A typical thoracic vertebra has ___________ facing pedicles, resulting in ________ of vertebral canal

A

Posterior

Narrowing

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5
Q

The articular pillar (facet) of a typical thoracic vertebrae have facet jts that lie _______ off of the _________ plane. This allows what motions?

A

20 degrees off the frontal plane

Allows side bending and rotation and less flexion and extension

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6
Q

Spinous processes of a T_ to T_ vertebra slope inferiorly.

A

5-8

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7
Q

The tip of the spinous presses lies at the level of the _______ for the majority of the thoracic spine

A

Caudal vertebrae

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8
Q

The joint capsules and thoracic ligaments are more _________ allowing for more ____________

A

Taut

Stability

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9
Q

What vertebrae if the thoracic spine are considered atypical

A

T1, 10, 11, and 12

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10
Q

How is T1 atypical

A

Has a full costal facet for rib one and a partial demifacet for rib 2

Has a typical cervical shaped body

The spinous process is long and prominent

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11
Q

T1 and T12 are considered…

A

Transitional vertebrae

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12
Q

How are T 10-12 atypical

A

Full costal facet instead of the demifacet

Can lack a costotransvese jt (may be present in t10)

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13
Q

How many pairs of ribs enclose the thoracic cavity

A

12

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14
Q

Components of the posterior end of a typical rib include

A

Head
Neck
Articular tubercle

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15
Q

The _________ &___________ of the rib articulate with thoracic vertebra forming 2 _____________ joints (what are they called)

A

Head and articular tubercle

Synovial
Costovertebral and costotransverse

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16
Q

Costovertebral jts permit what movement?

A

Gliding and rotation

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17
Q

A Costovertebral jt of a typical thoracic vertebrae articulate…..

A

The head of the rib, 2adjacent vertebral bodies, and intervertebral disc

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18
Q

The Costovertebral jt of an atypical thoracic vertebra articulate ….

A

Head of rib with one vertebral body.

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19
Q

The Costovertebral jt of an atypical thoracic vertebra is ___________ mobile than that of a typical thoracic vertebra

A

More

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20
Q

Costotransverse jts permit what movements?

A

Gliding and rotation

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21
Q

At the costotransverse jts of T1-T6 the ________ costal facet of the transverse process and the slightly ___________ costal tubercle promote _______ movement.

A

Concave
Convex
Rotation

22
Q

The costotransverse jts of T7-T10 have a _______ articular surface which promotes ________ motion.

A

Flat

Gliding

23
Q

Which thoracic vertebra do not have costotransverse jts?

A

T11 and T12

24
Q

What are the 2 sternocostal jts and what are their articulations & movements?

A

Costochondral- anterior rib and cartilage (little movement)

Chrondosternal- medial cartilage and sternum (minimal motion (1) or small glides (2-7))

25
Q

Describe the Osteokinematics of thoracic vertebra

A

Flex (20-45)
Ext (25-45)
Lateral flex (20-40)
Rotation (35-50)

26
Q

What limits flexion in the thoracic vertebra?

A

Tension in PLL
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligaments
Capsule of facet jt

27
Q

The spinous processes, laminae, facet jts, and tension from ALL, facet jt capsule and abdominal muscles will all limit what motion in the thoracic spine?

A

Extension

28
Q

Facets and ribs limit what motion in thoracic vertebra

A

Lateral flexion

29
Q

Rotation of the thoracic spine is limited by

A

The rib cage

30
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of sagittal plane movements in the facet jts of thoracic vertebra.

A

Flexion: glides superior and anterior
Extension: glides inferior and posterior

31
Q

Where in the thoracic spine is sagittal movement most limited by the rigidity of the rib cage and frontal orientation of facets?

A

T1-t6

32
Q

Where is sagittal movement in the thoracic vertebra more permitted and why?

A

Lower thoracic

Facets are more sagittally oriented

33
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of movement of the thoracic spine in the frontal plane.

A

Sidebending: contralateral superior glide

Ipsilateral inferior glide

34
Q

Sidebending in the thoracic vertebra is restricted by _____________ approximation

A

Facet jt

35
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of movement of the thoracic vertebra facet jts in the transverse plane

A

Rotation
Contralateral anterior glide
Ipsilateral posterior glide

36
Q

In the thoracic spine, lateral flexion is coupled with some ______

A

Rotation

37
Q

How does coupling in the thoracic spine differ in the lower spine than the upper spine?

A

upper thoracic spine: same direction

Lower thoracic spine: opposite direction

38
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of R lateral flexion at T9 and T10

A

Contralateral: T9 facet glides superior and rotates posterior on T10

Ipsilateral: T9 facet glides inferior and rotates anterior on T10

39
Q

Ventilation is caused by a change in _______________ secondary to a change in ______________.

A

Air pressure

Intrathoracic volume

40
Q

The Costovertebral and costotransverse jts create a __________________ for the ribs, allowing for __________ and ____________.

A

Single axis of rotation

Elevation and depression

41
Q

The orientation of the axis of rotation created by the Costovertebral and costotransverse jts determines what?

A

The direction of rib movement

42
Q

In the upper ribs (t1-t6) the axis of rotation is closest to the ________ plane allowing for “________________” motion

A

Frontal

Pump handle

43
Q

In the lower ribs (t7-t10) the axis of rotation for the ribs is closest to the _________ plane, allowing a “_________” motion

A

Sagittal

Bucket handle motion

44
Q

Primary axial rotators act in a _______________ relationship to create movement.

A

Force coupling

45
Q

Functions of the thoracic vertebrae and ribs.

A

Stability
Base for muscles that influence the craniocervical region
Protection for the thoracic organs
Mechanical bellows for breathing

46
Q

Scoliosis is a deformity of the vertebral column that most often involves __________ (most common single curve has an apex in ________)

A

Thoracic vertebrae

T7-T9

47
Q

In scoliosis, a ______________ is often associated on the ___________convex side

A

Rump hump

Convex

48
Q

Scoliosis can be described as ____________ vs ___________ which can determine if PT can help or if surgery is required

A

Functional

Structural

49
Q

Which form of scoliosis would benefit from PT? Functional/structural

A

Functional

50
Q

What is hyperkyphosis and what can cause it?

A

Excessive thoracic kyphosis

Due to: trauma, abnormal growth/development of vertebrae, severe DDD (degenerative disc disease) or marked ostoporosis

51
Q

Hyperkyphosis significantly increases _______________ compression. Why is this concerning?

A

Interbody joint tilt/compression

Can result in a compression fracture

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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