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Kinesiology > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the knee (tibiofemoral) jt

A

Modified hinge between the femur, patella, and tibia

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2
Q

Tibiofemoral alignment: the femoral shaft is _____________ lateral from the tibial shaft. Resulting in..

A

170/175*

Slight physiological valgus

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3
Q

Describe Knock-knees

A

Excessive genu valgus ( less than 165*)

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4
Q

Describe bow legs

A

Genu valgus

Greater than 180*

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5
Q

The ________ compartment of the knee accepts greater compressive force during genu varum. Which could result in..

A

Medial

OA in that area

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6
Q

Increased Lateral compression force in the knee could be a result of ____________

A

Genu valgum

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7
Q

Increased stress on MCL, increased stress in lateral compartment, Excessive lateral tracking of the patella, and Increased stress on ACL can be a result from

A

Genu valgum

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8
Q

Increased medial compartment loading, Greater loss of medial joint space, and Increased strain on LCL could be a result of

A

Genu varum

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9
Q

Genu recurvatum can occur secondary to

A

Laxity of posterior knee structure (posterior capsule and knee flexors)

Or

Overpowering knee extension torque

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10
Q

Meniscus functions in the knee

A

Distribute wt bearing forces
Increase jt congruence
Shock absorption

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11
Q

Which meniscus of the knee is less mobile

A

Medial meniscus, due to greater ligament restraint

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12
Q

The medial meniscus has connections to the

A

MCL, ACL, PCL, and semimembranosus

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13
Q

The lateral meniscus has connections to the

A

ACL, PCL, and popliteus

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14
Q

Menisci of the knee are vascularized ______ and diffuse synovium ________

A

Peripherally

Centrally

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15
Q

The menisci increase _____________ and reduce _________

A

Contact area

Reduce jt stress

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16
Q

Which crucible lig. Resists anterior translation of the tibia, hyperextnsion, varus and valgus stretches, and tibial rotation?

A

Anterior cruciate lig

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17
Q

Functions of the PCL

A

restrains posterior translation of the tibia, varus and valgus stretch and tibial rotation medially

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18
Q

What is the primary restrains to valgus force and lateral tibial rotation

A

Medial collateral lig

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19
Q

What is the primary restraint to varus stretch, and also restrains lateral tibial rotation?

A

Lateral collateral lig

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20
Q

Function of the iliotibial tract

A

Assists ACL in resisting anterior translation of tibia on femur

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21
Q

3 factors associated with non-contact injuries

A

Strong activation of quad over moderately flexed or nearly extended knee

Marked valgus collapse of the knee

Excessive ER of the knee

22
Q

Common MOI for ACL tear

A

Excessive hyperextension with foot firmly planted

23
Q

MOI of PCL tear

A

Falling on to fully flexed knee with ankle plantar flexed (proximal tibia his ground first)
“Dashboard” injury

Usually high energy trauma

24
Q

Posterior sag sign

A

Tibia sags posterior in hook lying.

Shows PCL is not in tact

25
Q

Tibiofemoral Osteokinematics

A

Flex/ext
IR/ER
ABD/ADD accessory mvmts

26
Q

Arthrokinematics of flexion in the tibiofemoral jt

OKC and CKC

A

OKC: posterior roll and glide
CKC: posterior roll anterior glide

27
Q

Arthrokinematics of extension at the tibiofemoral jt

OKC & CKC

A

OKC: anterior roll and glide
CKC: anterior roll and posterior glide

28
Q

Screw home mechanism

A

ER with terminal extension

Knee needs 10 deg of er to fully ext, usually in the last 5 deg of ext

29
Q

To unlock the knee from full ext, the ______________ bust _________________ the knee to perform flexion

A

Popliteus

Medially rotate

30
Q

Closed packed position of the tibiofemoral jt

A

Full ext

31
Q

Open packed position of tibiofemoral jt

A

25 deg of flexion

32
Q

Capsular pattern of the tibiofemoral jt

A

Flexion» ext

33
Q

The patella functions as a ________ for the quad

A

Pulley

34
Q

Ability of the patella to function appropriately is dependent on

A

Patellar mobility

35
Q

During full extension, the patella lies on the _____________________ . The minimal congruency in this position results in …

A

Femoral sulcus

Greater chance for instability near full extension

36
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

Less than optimal congruency or subtle structural anomalies of the PF joint likely results in abnormal “tracking” of the patella causing pain

37
Q

Patellofemoral Passive Structures

A 
Lateral patellofemoral ligament 
Medial patellofemoral ligament 
Medial patellotibial ligament 
Lateral patellotibial ligament 
Quadriceps
38
Q

Function of the patella

A

Increases the internal moment arm> increasing mechanical advantage > increases extension torque

39
Q

Knee extensor moment arm is greatest btw

A

20-60 deg of knee flex

40
Q

Sup/inf glide at the patellofemoral jt is present in what motions

A

Flex/ext

41
Q

Medial and lateral shift of the patellofenoral jt is described as

A

Frontal plane translation

42
Q

During medial/lateral tilt, the patella….

A

Rotates around the vertical axis

43
Q

During Medial and lateral rotation at the patellofemoral jt, the patella…

A

Rotates around the a/p axis

44
Q

Q-angle

A

Angle formed between:
Line connecting ASIS to middle of patella
Line connecting tibial tuberosity to middle of patella

Estimation of the line of pull of quadriceps

45
Q

Increased Q angle increases…

A

Lat force on the patella

46
Q

Normal Q angle

A

13-15 deg

47
Q

Structures that oppose lateral pull of the patella

A

Raised lateral facet of trochlear groove
Quadriceps – particularly the VMO
Medial patellar retinacular fibers
Medial passive structures

48
Q

The PF jt is exposed to high loads of compressive force during what activities

A
  1. 3x body weight with walking on level surfaces
  2. 6x body weight with SLR
  3. 3x body weight climbing stairs
  4. 8x body weight with deep squats
49
Q

The quads product the greatest torque in a seated leg ext between…

A

45- 0 deg of ext

50
Q

The quads produce the greatest torque during a squat between…

A

45- 90 deg of knee flex

51
Q

Qualities of a stiff landing

A

Unsafe landing pattern
Larger knee EMA
Smaller hip EMA
Note high activation of quad

52
Q

Qualities of a safe landing

A

Smaller knee EMA
Larger hip EMA
Increased hamstring-to-quad contraction pattern

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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