Intro To Kines Flashcards
Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics are concepts related to…
Kinematics
Force, mass, inertia, weight, pressure, moment of force, and momentum are all concepts relating to…
Kinetics
Kinetics describe
Causes of movement
Kinematics describe…
Motion without considering cause
Displacement, acceleration, and velocity are concepts related to…
Kinematics
What is the difference between linear and angular motion
Linear- all parts of a rigid body move parallel and in the same direction
Angular- all parts move around some pivot point
Osteokinematics describe
Motion of one relative to 3 cardinal planes
Describe the 3 cardinal planes
Sagittal divides into R & L
Frontal divides anterior and posterior
Horizontal divides into upper and lower
Movement in the sagittal plane moves around what axis
M/L
Movement in frontal plane moves around what axis
Anterior/Posterior
Movement in transverse plane moves around what axis
Vertical
How many degrees of freedom does the hip have and why?
3 because it is a triaxial joint
How many degrees of freedom does the knee have and why?
2, it’s a biaxial joint (flex/ext and tibial rotation)
How many degrees of freedom do the interphalangeal joints of fingers have and why?
1, it’s a uniaxial joint (flex/ext)
Describing the kinetic chain of a movement describes what concept of Kinematics?
Osteokinematics
A back squat is an example of a closed or open kinetic chain? Why?
Closed
Distal segment is fixed, proximal is moving
Bicep curl is an example of a closed or open kinetic chain? Why?
Open
Distal segment is moving proximal segment is fixed
Describing the motion occurring between joint surfaces is describing the …..
Arthrokinematics
Benefits of a convex-concave relationship include…
Improve joint congruency
Increases surface area for dissipating contact forces
Helps guide motion between bones
Roll, spin, and glide describe
Arthrokinematics
What is joint play and why is it assessed
Accessory motion, determines health of the joint
Roll without glide in the shoulder results in ___ _____ of the humeral head. This can cause ___
Superior migration
Impingement
Describe the Arthrokinematics of pronation
Concave radius spins on convex capitulum of humerus
What is determined by the convex-concave rule? Describe the rule
Glide (Roll and spin are usually the same as the Osteokinematics)
Convex-concave= glide is in opposite direction Concave-convex= glide is in the same direction
Loose vs closed packed is descriptor of kinetics or Kinematics
Kinematics
The position where a joint has max congruence and min accessory movement is called what? Where is it usually found?
Closed packed
Toward end range whee ligaments and capsule are taunt and the joint is stable
The position where the joint is least congruent and accessory motion is maximal is called what? Where can it be found
Loose-packed
Near midrange where ligaments and capsule are on slack
Why do we need to know closed and loose packed positions?
To show the vulnerability of a joint and assess accessory motion
How does joint position influence manual therapy techniques?
Performing manipulation in a loose packed position by allowing more space for movement
A push or pull that produces, arrests or modifies movement describes
Force
Why might a muscle not be able to resist force?
Weakness caused by:
Trauma
Disease
Prolonged disuse
Types of force/load applied to the MSK system
Tension Compression Bending Shear Torsion Combined loading
The toe region in the stress-strain curve shows us what?
That an area must be drawn taut before tension can be measured
When slack is taken off of a tissue, stress and strain have what relationship?
Linear
What is the difference between the elastic and plastic regions of the stress-strain curve?
When in the elastic region, tissue will return to original length after being stretched.
When in the plastic region, tissue undergo physiological changes in response to being stretched.
Tissues with high velocity have
High resistance to deformation
Increase viscosity implies _________ elasticity
Increased
Viscoelasticity is dependent on
Time and rate
Progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time is called
Creep
Rapidly applied loads have what effect of viscosity
Increased
3 dominant forces involved in MSK levers
Force produced by muscle
Gravity
Physical contact with the environment
What determines the type of lever
The axis in relation to force and resistance
Describe a first class lever
Axis of rotation is between the opposing forces
F_____________________R
A
Describe a second class lever
Resistance is between axis and force
________________R______F
A.
Describe a 3rd class lever
Force is between axis and resistance
____________F_____R
A
What is the most common lever in the human body
3rd class
Mechanical advantage
Ratio of internal moment arm to external moment arm
Describes the amount of internal force needed to overcome the resistance of the external load
When mechanical advantage is greater than 1, is more or less internal force needed to overcome the external force. Where can this be found?
Smaller internal force can defeat a larger external force
2nd class levers
When mechanical advantage is less than one, is the amount of internal force required smaller or larger than the external force? Where can this be found?
More internal force is required to overcome external force
3rd class lever
