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Kinesiology > Foot And Ankle > Flashcards

Foot And Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Crucial that the foot is ———- to provide an appropriate BOS

A

Stable

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2
Q

Foot functions as a ———- ————

Pushing off when walking, running or jumping

A

Rigid lever

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3
Q

The foot must also be ———- enough to accommodate and adapt to uneven terrain & —————- ———-when foot hits the ground

A

Mobile

Absorb shock

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4
Q

The ankle complex includes what jts

A 
Proximal tibiofibular joint
Distal tibiofibular joint
Talocrural joint (ankle joint)
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5
Q

The foot includes what jts

A 
Talocalcaneal joint (subtalar joint)
Transverse Tarsal Joint  (Talonavicular,Calcaneocuboid)
Tarsometatrsal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Interphalengeal joints
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6
Q

What are the 3 functional segments of the foot?

A 
Hindfoot (rearfoot)
-Talus
-Calcaneus
Midfoot
-Navicular
-Cuboid
-3 cuneiform bones
Forefoot
-Metatarsals 
-Phalanges
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7
Q

The proximal tibiofibular jt is a ——- jt and the distal tibiofibular jt is a ——— jt

A

Plane synovial

Synarthrosis

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8
Q

Unlike the proximal tibiofibular jt, the distal tibiofibular jt does not have a….
Instead it is stabilized by an

A

Jt capsule

Interosseous membrane

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9
Q

What is a high ankle sprain

A

Injury in the distal tibiofibular jt when the talus of forcefully laterally rotated within the ankle mortise

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10
Q

Closed packed position of the proximal/distal tibiofibular jt

A

Max dorsiflexion

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11
Q

Open packed position of the proximal/distal tibiofibular jts

A

10 deg plantar flexion

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12
Q

Describe the talocrural jt

A

Hinge jt between the ankle mortise (tibia/fibula) and talus

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13
Q

What are the passive structures of the talocrural jt

A 
Medial collateral (deltoid) lig
Lateral collateral lig
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14
Q

Describe the deltoid lig

A

Extremely strong lig that helps limit eversion/pronation

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15
Q

The lateral collateral lig at the ankle is a combo of what ligs

A

Anterior talofibular lig
Calcaneofibular lig
Posterior talofibular lig

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16
Q

Function of the lateral collateral lig at the ankle

A

Limit inversion/supination

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17
Q

What active structures limit plantar flexion

A

Tib anterior
Extensor hallucis Longus
Extensor digitorum Longus

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18
Q

What active structures limit dorsiflexion

A

Gastric and soleus

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19
Q

What active structures assist the MCL

A

Tib posterior
Flexor hallucis Longus
Flexor digitorum Longus

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20
Q

What active structures assist the LCL

A

Fibularis Longus and brevis

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21
Q

The trochlear surface of the talus is wider where?

A

Anteriorly

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22
Q

Describe the osteo and Arthrokinematics of the talocrural jt

A

Dorsiflexion- anterior roll and posterior glide

Plantarflexion- posterior roll and anterior glide

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23
Q

What is the closed packed position the talocrural jt

A

Max dorsiflexion

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24
Q

What is the open packed position of the talocrural jt

A

10 deg plantar flexion

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25
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the talocrural jt

A

Plantarflexion > dorsiflexion

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26
Q

Pronation allows for __________, while full supination __________ the bones of the foot

A

Mobility

Locks

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27
Q

What are the three plantar arches of the foot?

These arches are fully integrated to _______ the dynamic function of the foot.

A

Medial, longitudinal, and transverse

Enhance

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28
Q

The __________ arch is typically higher than the _________ arch

A

Medial

Lateral

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29
Q

What helps stabilize/support plantar arches

A

Shape of bones, ligaments, and muscles.

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30
Q

Describe how the plantar arches help mobility of the foot

A

Allows the foot to ….

Dampen impact of weight-bearing forces
Dampen superimposed rotational motions
Adapt to changes in supporting surfaces and terrain

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31
Q

The plantar arches help stabilize the foot to allow

A

Distribution of weight through the foot for proper weight-bearing

Convert the flexible foot to a rigid lever

32
Q

Describe the plantar fascia

A

Runs almost entire length of foot and important for arch support

From beginning to end of stance during gait tension in plantar fascia increases

33
Q

Windlass effect

A

the manner by which the plantar fascia supports

the foot during WB activities

34
Q

Pew planud is also called

A

Flat feet

35
Q

Describe the subtalar jt

A

3 plane type synovial jt between the talus and calcaneus

36
Q

The subtalar jt has 3 articulations. What are they and which is the largest?

A

Posterior, anterior, and medial

Posterior

37
Q

Describe the subtalar jt axis

A

Axis is approximately half way between longitudinal and vertical

This oblique axis results in triplanar motion

38
Q

What are the main motions at the subtalar jt

A

Inversion/eversion

Add/abd

39
Q

What motions are coupled at the subtalar jt to result in supination in an open kinetic chain

A

Inversion
Adduction
Slight PF

40
Q

What motions are coupled at the subtalar jt to result in pronation in an open kinetic chain

A

Eversion
Abduction
slight DF

41
Q

Valgus movement of the calcaneus is also described as

A

Pronation

42
Q

Varus movement at the subtalar jt is also called

A

Inversion and adduction

43
Q

What motions can be observed at the subtalar jt

A

Inversion/eversion
Abd/add
Slight DF/PF

44
Q

What motions can the Calcaneus do in wt bearing

A

Inversion/eversion

45
Q

In closed chain supination, the calcaneus ——— and in pronation ———-

A

Inverts

Everts

46
Q

In Wbing subtalar pronation leads to ______________ of the leg that may influence knee and/or hip

A

Medial rotation of the leg

47
Q

In Wbing subtalar supination leads to ————————— of the leg that may influence knee and/or hip

A

Lateral rot

48
Q

What is the closed packed position of the subtalar jt is

A

Full eversion

49
Q

Open packed position of the subtalar jt

A

Mid inversion/eversion and mid PF/DF

50
Q

The rom of the subtalar jt is

A

5* inversion and eversion

51
Q

The transverse tarsal jt is a

A

Modified ovoid jt between the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

52
Q

Coupled motion at the transverse tarsal jt results in

A

Sup/pron

53
Q

Function of the transverse tarsal jt

A

Add to supination/pronation ROM of subtalar joint

Compensate at the forefoot for hindfoot position in closed chain

54
Q

What is the closed packed position of the transverse tarsal jt

A

Supination

55
Q

Open packed position of the transverse tarsal jt is

A

Mid range of supination / pronation

56
Q

Each metatarsal jt has its own …..

A

Unique axis of motion

57
Q

Functions of the tarsometstarsal jt

A

Regulates position of the forefoot in relation to wt bearing surface

58
Q

Substantial weight-bearing pronation of the hindfoot results in ___________ of the transverse tarsal joint to counter rotate the forefoot. To remain On the ground, the TMT jts mus undergo counteracting __________

A

Supination

Supination twist

59
Q

Full subtalar supination results in __________ at the transverse tarsal joint!
At this point, the forefoot must perform a _________ in order to maintain contact with the ground

A

Supination

Pronation twist

60
Q

Describe the metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

Condyloid jt btw Convex heads of metatarsals and concave base of proximal phalanges

61
Q

Function of the metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

weight bearing function is to primarily allow the foot to rotate over the toes through MTP extension (metatarsal break) when rising on toes or during walking

62
Q

Osteokinematics of metatarsalphalangeal jts

A

Flex/ext

Abd/add

63
Q

Arthrokinematics of flex/ext at metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

Flexion: Plantar roll and glide
Extension: Dorsal roll and glide

64
Q

Arthrokinematics of add/abd at metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

Abduction: Roll and glide same direction (reference point is second toe)

Adduction: Roll and glide same direction (reference point is second toe)

65
Q

Closed packed position of the metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

Full ext

66
Q

Open packed position of the metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

10 deg ext

67
Q

Capsular pattern of metatarsalphalangeal jt

A

1st MTP Extension>flexion; 2-5 loss of flexion

68
Q

Describe Hallux limitus

A

Posttraumatic condition marked by gradual and significant limitation of motion, articular degeneration and pain

69
Q

Turf toe is the most common MOI (forceful flexion) causing

A

Hallux limitus

70
Q

Describe hallux valgus (bunion)

A

Progressive lateral deviation of great toe

71
Q

Function of interplalangeal jts of the toes

A

Maintain stability by pressing against the ground in standing

72
Q

Describe Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics of the IP jts of the toes

A

Flexion: plantar roll and glide
Extension: dorsal roll and glide

73
Q

What is the difference between pies planus and peas cavus

A

Planus- dropped medial longitudinal arch

Cavus- raised medial longitudinal arch

74
Q

—————— or ————— in stance places excessive demands on tibialis posterior
Causing…

A

Excessive or rapid pronation

Tendinopathy, muscle fatigue

75
Q

Function of Tibialis Posterior in Stance Phase of Ambulation

A

Decelerates pronating rearfoot in loading response

———Results in gradual and controlled lowering of medial longitudinal arch & Absorbs some of the impact from loading

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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