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Kinesiology > Lumbar Spine & Pelvis > Flashcards

Lumbar Spine & Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The body of lumbar vertebral body is ______. Why is this important?

A

Large! Can withstand large compression forces

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2
Q

How is the vertebral foramen different in the lumbar vertebrae?

A

It is triangular and larger than thoracic and smaller than cervical

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3
Q

What is special about L5?

A

It’s a transitional vertebrae
Has a wedge shaped body
Smaller spinous process
Large transverse processes

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4
Q

Lumbar facet joints are curved and ______

A

Biplaner

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5
Q

Anteriorly the lumbar facet jts are aligned to the __________ plane allowing resistance for__________

A

Frontal plane

Anterior shear force

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6
Q

Posteriorly, lumbar facet jts are aligned close to the _________ plane. This allows for _____________ and restricts __________

A

Sagittal plane
Flex/ext
Rotation

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7
Q

The annulus fibrosus between lumbar vertebrae are formed in alternating layers called ….

A

Lamellae

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8
Q

The annulus fibrosus collagen layers in the lumbar spine are oriented ________________. Which allows them to resist __________ forces in ________________ directions.

A

Opposite

Resist tensile forces in nearly all directions

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9
Q

The IV disc of the lumbar spine have a ________________. This allows a greater portion of annulus fibrosus located _____________, increasing the ability to resist tension that occurs with _______________.

A

Posterior concavity
Posteriorly
Forward bending

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10
Q

The lumbosacral articulation is formed by

A

L5 and S1

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11
Q

Lumbosacral Angle is the angle between the

A

1st sacral segment and the horizontal plane

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12
Q

greater lumbosacral angle results in

A

Increased lordosis

Increasing amount of shearing stress

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13
Q

What structures in the lumbosacral articulation resist natural shear force?

A

IV disc, facet jt capsule, ALL, and Iliolumbar ligaments

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14
Q

Spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs at what segment? Why?

A

L5/S1

Secondary to angulation of this segment

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15
Q

The anterior sacroiliac articulation is a _______ jt between the ____________

A

Synovial

Articular surfaces

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16
Q

The posterior sacroiliac articulation is a _________________ between the ______________________

A

Syndesmosis

Tuberosity of ilium and sacrum

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17
Q

The pubis symphysis is a ______________ jt

A

Cartilaginous

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18
Q

The anterior portion of the pubis symphysis is reinforced by what muscles?

A

Transverse abdominals
Rectus abdominals
Internal oblique
Adductor Longus

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19
Q

Describe the Osteokinematics of the lumbar spine

A

Flexion (40-60)
Extension (20-35)
Lateral flexion (15-20)
Rotation (3-18)

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20
Q

Is there coupling in the lumbar spine?

A

Yes but the pattern is inconsistent

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21
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of the lumbar facets in the sagittal plane

A

Flexion: glide superior and anterior
Extension: glide inferior and posterior

22
Q

What segments of the lumbar spine have the greates flex/ext?

A

Inferior lumbar segments

23
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of the lumbar facets in the frontal plane

A

Contralateral superior glide

Ipsilateral inferior glide

24
Q

What segment of the lumbar spine has the greatest motion in the frontal plant?

A

Superior lumbar segments

25
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics of lumbar facets in the transverse plane

A

Contralateral: anterior glide in a neutral spine approximation

Ipsilateral: posterior glide in a neutral spine distraction (gapping)

26
Q

What lumbar segments have the greatest motion in the transverse plane

A

Superior lumbar segments

27
Q

When does lumbo-pelvis rhythm occur?

A

During trunk flexion/ext

28
Q

In lumbo-pelvic rhythm, the movement of the pelvis increases motion but also ________ the amount of flexibility needed of the lumbar spine

A

Reduces

29
Q

Describe the lumbo-pelvic rhythm in flexion/ext

A

Flex: lumbar flexion followed by anterior tilt of the pelvis

Ext: posterior tilt of the pelvis followed by lumbar extension

30
Q

Increased lumbar lordosis (ext) results in a ___________ percentage of the compressive load through the facet jts.

A

Greater

31
Q

Causes of increased lumbar lordosis

A

Weakness of hip extensors or abdominal muscles

32
Q

Benefits of a stable core

A

Structural integrity
Optimal postural alignment
Limits excess micro motion
Provides a firm base for extremities to move

33
Q

The active muscle force essential for stabilizing the vertebral column is often referred to as

A

Core stability

34
Q

Intrinsic stabilizers of the trunk include

A 
Semospinalis 
Multifidi
Rotatores
Interspinalis
Intertransversarius
35
Q

Extrinsic stabilizers of the trunk

A 
Recuts abdominals
External and internal oblique
Transverse abdominals
Erector Spinae
Quadratics lumborum
Psoas major
36
Q

A normal sit up has 2 phases. What are they and what order should they occur

A

Trunk flexion phase > hip flexion phase

37
Q

Weak abdominals will cause what altered pattern in a sit up?

A

Results in early hip flexion due to hip flexor dominance

38
Q

4 ways to reduce force required of extensors with lifting

A

Reduce velocity
Reduce magnitude of external load
Reduce length of EMA (bring object closer)
Increase length of the IMA

39
Q

Factors that contribute to safe lifting

A

Light load held close
Lift with lumbar spine as close to neutral as possible
Activate hip and knee extensors (decreases demand on lumbar extensors)
Minimize vertical and horizontal distance load must be lifted
Minimize asymmetric limiting
Avoid twisting
Lift slow and smooth
Use a wide and slightly staggered BOS
use a mechanical lifting device or team lift

40
Q

Which moment arm is easiest to change to reduce force required of extensors when lifting

A

External moment arm- lift close to the body

41
Q

Why is a stoop lift not recommended and what lift should you do instead?

A

Can result in large compression and shear forces on discs

Squat lift is safer

42
Q

A stoop lift is synonymous to lifting with your ________ whole a squat lift is synonymous with lifting with your _______

A

Back

Legs

43
Q

Kinematics of sacrum on the innominate

A

Nutation: sacral promontory moves anterior and inferior, apex moves posterior

Counternutation: promontory moves posterior and superior, apex moves anterior

44
Q

Kinematics of innominate bones

A

Anterior pelvic tilt: ASIS and pubic symphysis move inferior

Posterior pelvic tilt ASIS and public symphysis move superior

45
Q

Nutation and counternutation can occur from __________ movements, __________ movement, or both

A

Sacral-on-iliac

Iliac-on-sacral

46
Q

Near vertical orientation of the SI jt could result in …

A

Slipping

47
Q

Full nutation indicates……

Why does this matter

A

A closed-packed position of the SI jt

This is where the SI jt is most congruent

48
Q

Notation torque stretches what ligaments? What does this cause in the SI jt

A

Interosseous, sacroslinous, and sacrotuberous ligaments

Causing compression and stabilization in the SI jt

49
Q

Primary function of the lumbar spine. Accomplished secondary to…..

A

Provide support for the weight of the upper body
Withstand lard compressive loads applied with muscle contraction

Accomplished secondary to increased size of lumbar vertebral bodies and IV discs

50
Q

Primary function of pelvis

A

Transmit force of vertebral column to lower extremities

Relieve stress on the pelvic ring created by movement of the trunk and lower extremities

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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