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Kinesiology > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are atypical

A

Atlas
Axis
C7

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2
Q

How is the atlas different from a typical cervical vertebra

A

No vertebral body or spinous process

Shaped like a ring- 2 lateral masses separated by anterior and posterior arch

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3
Q

How does the axis differ from a typical vertebra

A

Anterior portion extends inferiorly
Dens (vertebral projection from superior surface)
Spinous process is large/elongated and bifid

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4
Q

How does c7 differ from a typical vertebrae?

A

Largest cervical vertebrae

Large spinous process

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5
Q

Describe typical cervical vertebral body

A

Unicinate processes arise from posterolateral margins which give the upper surface a concave shape

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6
Q

Transverse processes of a typical cervical vertebra contain __________

A

Transverse foramen

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7
Q

Describe the Atlanta-occipital joint

A

“Yes” jt
Convex occipital condoles articulate with concave superior faces of atlas
Synovial condyloid jt

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8
Q

The Atlanto-axial jt has 3 articulations. What are they?

A

Median AA jt (dens and anterior arcs of axis/transverse ligament)

2 lateral AA jts ( inferior facet of axis with superior facet of axis)

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9
Q

What type of jt is the median AA jt

A

Synovial pivot jt

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10
Q

Lateral AA jts are what type of jt? Do they follow the convex-concave rule?

A

Synovial plane jt

No! They are biconvex with meniscoids

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11
Q

That is the role of the transverse ligament in relation to C1 and C2?

A

Prevent anterior displacement of C1 on C2

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12
Q

The alar ligaments are taunt in ______ with _________

A

Neck flexion

Axial rotation

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13
Q

Function of the alar ligaments:

A

Limit lateral flexion and prevent distraction of C1 on C2

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14
Q

What conditions can compromise the integrity of the transverse ligament resulting in instability of c1/c2

A

Rheumatoid arthritis & Down syndrome

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15
Q

What is the orientation of cervical facet jts

A

Approximately 45 degrees off the frontal plane and transverse planes

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16
Q

Osteokinematics of cervical vertebrae are

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
rotation

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17
Q

What are the Osteokinematics of protraction?

A

Upper cervical extension and lower cervical flexion

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18
Q

What are the Osteokinematics of retraction in the cervical spine?

A

Upper cervical flexion

Lower cervical extension

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19
Q

How does prolonged protraction result in a forward head posture?

A

It causes lengthening of the deep neck flexors and scapular retractors and tightening of the pecs and upper trap/levator scap

20
Q

What is the primary motion that occurs at the atlanto-occipital jt?

A

Flexion/ext
Also does some lateral flexion
“Yes” jt

21
Q

Arthrokinematics of AO movement in the sagittal plane

A

Convex occipital condole on concave articular facet of atlas (opposite roll and glide)

(Flex/ext)

22
Q

Arthrokinematics of AO movement in the frontal plane

A

Convex occipital condoles on concave superior articular facet of atlas (opposite roll and glide)

(Lat flex)

23
Q

Arthrokinematics of AO movement in the transverse plane

A

Negligible-limited by deep jt congruency

Rotation

24
Q

During cervical flexion, in the AO jt the occipital condyles roll ____________ and slide ____________. During extension this process is _______________.

A

Anterior
Posterior

Reversed

25
Q

What is the primary motion that occurs are the AA jt?

A

“No” jt, rotation

26
Q

Arthrokinematics of AA jt movement in the transverse plane

A

Medial AA jt- rotation of anterior arc and transverse ligament around the dens

Lateral AA jt-
-ipsilateral: inferior facet of the atlas glides posteriorly on the superior facet of the axis

  • contralateral: inferior facet of the atlas glides anteriorly on the superior facet of the axis
27
Q

Arthrokinematics of the AA jt movement in the sagittal plane

A

Middle AA jt- anterior arch and transverse ligament allow for a “tilt” of the atlas on the axis (dens)

Lateral AA jt- ligaments and spinal cord block gliding of the inferior facet of the atlas on the superior facet of the axis

28
Q

Arthrokinematics of the AA jt in the frontal plane

A

Negligible

29
Q

What ligament limits rotation at the AA jt?

A

Alar ligament

30
Q

What ligament limits tilting of axis at the AA jt with flexion?

A

Transverse ligament

31
Q

In the lower cervical spine _______________ and __________ occur simultaneously in the __________ direction.

A

Lateral flexion and rotation

Same

32
Q

With spinal coupling, performing movements in isolation would ……

A

Cause the facet jts to come in contact with one another blocking motion.

33
Q

Arthrokinematics of c3-c7 facet jts in the sagittal plane

A

Flexion: inferior facet glides anterior and superior
Extension: inferior facet glides posterior and inferior

Same thing occurs bilateral

34
Q

Arthrokinematics of the c3-c7 (facet jt) movement in the transverse plane

A

Ipsilsterally: inferior facet glides posterior and slightly inferior

Contralateral: inferior facet glides anterior and slightly superior

35
Q

Arthrokinematics of c3-c7 (facet jts) in the frontal plane

A

Ipsilateral: inferior facet glides inferior and slightly posterior
Contralateral: inferior facet glides superior and slightly anterior

36
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of R rotation at C4-C5

A

Right (ipsilateral) c4 facet SLIDE POSTERIOR and SLIGHTLY INFERIOR on C5 facet

Left (contralateral) C4 facet SLIDES ANTERIOR and SLIGHTLY SUPERIOR on C5 facet

37
Q

Function of cervical spine

A

Stability and protection

Mobility

38
Q

The cervical spine provides protection for the _____________ by way of the __________________ and protects the _______________ by way of the __________________.

A

Spinal cord by way of the ledge vertebral canal (especially at c1)

Vertebral artery by way of the transverse foramen

39
Q

Stability in the cervical spine is especially important in what jts?

A

AO & AA

40
Q

The atlas is designed to allow for ________ to prevent __________

A

Free space

Impingement

41
Q

When cervical movement is added to eye movement the visual field can reach:

A

330 degrees

42
Q

Musculature of the anterior-lateral craniocervical region

A

SCM
Scalenes
Longus Collin
Longus capitis

43
Q

Muscles of the posterior craniocervical region

A

Splenius cervicis
Splenius capitis
Suboccipital muscles

44
Q

Muscles of the thorax that have action on the neck

A 
Erector Spinae 
Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
Rotatores 
Multifidi 
Interspinalis
Inertransversarius
45
Q

Causes of Muscular imbalance in the cervical spine

A
  1. Excessive hyper extension straining the SCM, Longus colli and anterior or scalenes causing chronic spasm/guarding
  2. Inhibition, pain, weakness, or fatigability of deep flexors resulting in dominant SCM and anterior scalene
  3. Ergonomics
46
Q

Optimal posture allows for ___________________ of flexor and extensor muscles. This contributes to __________________ of the cervical spine.

A

Co-contraction

Vertical stability

Kinesiology (18 decks)

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