tissues: anna made Flashcards
what are the 4 categories of tissues
Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
types of muscle
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
skeletal muscle
-Attaches to and moves bones
-Striated
-Multinucleated
-Voluntary
-Requires neural impulse
cardiac muscle
-Muscle tissue of the heart
-Striated
-Branched cells -> Intercalated discs
-Involuntary
-Requires no neural or hormonal stimulus
what are the lines in cardiac muscle called
Intercalated discs
smooth muscle
-Muscle tissue in vessels and organs
-Nonstriated
-Appears smooth
-Involuntary
what muscles are striated, what aren’t
is: cardiac and skeletal
isn’t smooth
Nervous tissue function
-Communication among body systems
-Coordination of systemic activities
what are the 2 types of nervous tissue and their functions
Neurons: Transmit signals
Dendrites, cell body, axon
Neuroglia: Support and protect neurons
what is epithelia tissue
Covering, linings, glands
epithelial cell shapes
Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional
epithelial cell layers
Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified
Simple Squamous Epithelium
One layer
Squamous cells
Flat
Thinnest barrier
Allows rapid movement of molecules across membrane
Lining of lungs
Capillary walls
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
One layer
Cuboidal cells
-Cube-shaped
-Secretion
Most glands
Simple Columnar Epithelium
One layer
Columnar cells
Tall and narrow
Absorption
Two types
Ciliated (resp. tract)
Non-ciliated (dig. tract)
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
One layer but looks like more
Large passageways of respiratory tract
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Multiple layers of squamous cells
Two types
Keratinized
Skin
Non-keratinized
Mouth, throat, vagina, anus
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Two or more layers of cuboidal cells
Forms ducts of exocrine glands
Secretion
Transitional Epithelium
Lining of urinary bladder and ureters
Cells change shape as bladder fills/empties
Allows for stretching
Endocrine gland
“Ductless”
Secrete hormones into blood
Exocrine gland
Have ducts
Unicellular (mucus)
Multicellular
-Sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, etc.
Functions of Connective Tissue
-Physical protection: Bone and adipose tissue
-Support and framework: Bones
-Binding of structures: Ligaments, tendons, skin
-Storage: Adipose (energy) and bone (minerals)
-Transport: Blood
-Immunity: Blood and lymph
what is a matrix made up of
-Ground substance (H20 + chemicals)
-Proteins: Collagen, Elastin, Reticular
Connective Tissues Protein Fibers
Collagen “Ropes”
Elastin “Rubber bands”
Reticular “Beams”
Ground Substance
Non-cellular medium for cells and proteins
(Water and a variety of chemicals)
Loose connective tissue
LESS PROTEINS
Areolar (Packing) - the lining under skin like chicken stuff
Reticular (Beams) - in lymphatic tissues
Adipose (Energy)
memorize by ‘LARA’
Dense Connective Tissue
MORE PROTEINS
Dense Regular (Ropes) - tendons and ligaments
Dense Irregular (Burlap sack) - multiple lines of tension, like the dermis
Elastic (Spring) - lungs are made of this, elastin fiber
Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood: Transports oxygen, nutrients and waste
Lymph: Maintains fluid volume, provides immunity
Bone
compact & Spongy (Cancellous)
Cartilage
Hyaline: thin smooth, in big joints
Elastic: can bend and it bends back, like ear
Fibrocartilage: lots of collagen fibers, very strong, between vertebra
Memorize by Hayley Eats Fiber
Scurvy
-Vitamin C deficiency -> bad collagen fibers
-Symptoms: weakness, gum ulceration, hemorrhages, abnormal bone growth
-Treated by consuming foods high in vitamin C or supplements
Marfan Syndrome
Rare genetic disease of CT
Symptoms:
-Abnormally long fingers, toes, limbs
-Malformation of thoracic cage, vertebral column
-Easily dislocated joints, resulting from weak ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules
-Weakness in aorta and abnormal heart valves
-Slipped lens of the eye
-Often death before age 50 due to cardiovascular problems
Early diagnosis/medical management allows long life span
Atrophy
decrease in cell number or size
Hyperplasia
increase in number of cells; precursor to cancer
Dysplasia
growth of abnormal cells; still reversible
Neoplasia
tissue growth out of control; tumor develops
Benign (localized)
or
malignant (metastasizes/spreads)
Necrosis
tissue death
Cutaneous membrane
top layer of skin
Mucous membranes
line organs and passageways that open to the external environment
Serous membranes
two-layered membranes that protect moving organs (heart, lungs, abdominal organs)
Synovial membranes
lines synovial capsules between joints
