A&P final unit 5

Question 1

4 main types of tissue

Answer 1

Connective, epithelial, muscle and nervous

Question 2

Muscle

Answer 2

Contractile
Thermogenic
Multi-nucleated

Question 3

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 4

Skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Attaches to and moves bones
Striated
Multinucleated and voluntary

Question 5

Cardiac muscle

Answer 5

Muscle tissue of the heart
striated
involuntary

Question 6

Smooth muscle

Answer 6

Muscle tissue in vessels and organs
Nonstriated
Appears smooth
Involuntary

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

Communication among body systems
* Coordination of systemic activities
* Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 8

Neuron

Answer 8

transmit signals
dendrites, axons and cell bodies

Question 9

neuroglia

Answer 9

support and protect neurons

Question 10

Epithelial tissue

Answer 10

Coverings, linings and glands
Cells packed tightly
Reproduce rapidly
Avascular
Apical surface and basement membrane

Question 11

Functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 11

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion

Question 12

Classifications of epithelial tissue

Answer 12

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

Question 13

Layers of epi tissue

Answer 13

simple, stratified, psuedostrat

Question 14

Simple squamous

Answer 14

One layer, flat, thin barrier
Allows rapid movement of molecules across membrane

Question 15

Simple cuboidal

Answer 15

One layer
cube shaped
secretion
mostly glandular

Question 16

simple columnar

Answer 16

one layer
tall and narrow for absorption
can be ciliated (respiratory) or non-ciliated (digestive)

Question 17

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 17

One layer but looks like more
Large passageways of respiratory tract

Question 18

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 18

skin

Question 19

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 19

mouth, vagina, throat, anus

Question 20

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 20

Forms ducts of exocrine glands
Secretion

Question 21

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 21

Lining of urinary bladder and ureters
Cells change shape as bladder fills/empties
stretchy

Question 22

Endocrine glands

Answer 22

“ductless”
Secrete hormones into blood

Question 23

Exocrine

Answer 23

secrete directly into skin

Question 24

Function of connective tissue

Answer 24

Physical protection
Support and framework
Binding of structures
Storage
Transport
Immunity

Question 25

Connective tissue

Answer 25

ground substance comprised of water and chemicals
resident and wandering cells
contain proteins collagen, elastin and reticular

Question 26

Resident cells

Answer 26

Housed inside the CT
Fibroblasts, Adipocytes, Mesenchymal, Fixed macrophages

Question 27

Collagen

Answer 27

Primary building block protein for skin, bone, tendons. ligaments and other connective tissues

Question 28

Elastin

Answer 28

One of the most abundant proteins in the body. It is stretchy but very strong.

Question 29

Reticular

Answer 29

thin delicate supporting proteins

Question 30

Ground substance

Answer 30

Viscous in blood, semisolid in cartilage and solid in bone

Question 31

Loose ct

Answer 31

Areolar: packing
Reticular: beams
Adipose: energy

Question 32

Dense ct

Answer 32

Regular:rope
irregular:burlap sack
elastic:spring

Question 33

fluid ct

Answer 33

blood and lymph

Question 34

cartilage types

Answer 34

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 35

hyaline cartilage

Answer 35

helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints. It’s flexible but strong enough to help your joints hold their shape.
Slippery

Question 36

Elastic cartilage

Answer 36

a type of cartilage that provides both strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body, such as the ears. Allows stuff to maintain original shape when altered

Question 37

Fibrocartilage

Answer 37

tough, dense, composed of thick collagen fibers; inflexable

Question 38

Scurvy

Answer 38

Extreme vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D essential for healthy collagen

Question 39

Marfan syndrome

Answer 39

• Rare genetic disease of CT
• Symptoms:
   Abnormally long fingers, toes, limbs
   Malformation of thoracic cage, vertebral column
   Easily dislocated joints, resulting from weak ligaments,
  tendons, and joint capsules
   Weakness in aorta and abnormal heart valves
   Slipped lens of the eye
• Often death before age 50 due to cardiovascular problems
• Early diagnosis/medical management allows long life span

Question 40

Atrophy

Answer 40

decrease in cell # or size

Question 41

Hyperplasia

Answer 41

increase in number of cells; precursor to cancer

Question 42

Dysplasia

Answer 42

growth of abnormal cells; still reversible

Question 43

Neoplasia

Answer 43

tissue growth out of control; tumor develops
-benign: doesnt spread
-Malignant: does spread (bad)

Question 44

Necrosis

Answer 44

tissue death

Question 45

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 45

Lines top layer of skin

Question 46

Mucous membrane

Answer 46

Line organs and passageways that open to external environment
Respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive systems

Question 47

Serous membrane

Answer 47

double layered lining of moving organs; prevents friction

Question 48

visceral layer of serous membrane

Answer 48

attached to the organ(s)

Question 49

parietal layer of serous membrane

Answer 49

attached to the wall of the cavity