A&P Final unit 6

Question 1

Functions of skin

Answer 1

defense, sensation and vitamin d production

Question 2

Layers of skin

Answer 2

Epidermis, Dermis and Subcutaneous (hypodermis)

Question 3

what tissue is the epidermis

Answer 3

keratinized Stratified squamous

Question 4

what tissue is the dermis

Answer 4

dense irregular ct

Question 5

what tissue is the hypodermis

Answer 5

dense irregular, loose areolar and adipose CT

Question 6

what are the epidermal strata

Answer 6

Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Question 7

Stratum Basale

Answer 7

Deepest layer
Contains epidermal stem cells; cuboidal
rapidly reproduce; layer of epidermal regeneration

Question 8

Stratum spinosum

Answer 8

spiny layer
10 layers of keratinocytes begin filling with keratin
Attached by desmosomes

Question 9

Stratum granulosum

Answer 9

grainy layer
5 layers of keratinocytes; continue filling
nucleus + organelles destroyed
cells flatten

Question 10

Stratum lucidum

Answer 10

translucent layer
several layers of dead cells
found only on thick skin of hands and feet

Question 11

Stratum corneum

Answer 11

horny layer
30 layers of dead cells

Question 12

Melanocytes

Answer 12

stratum Basale
produce melanin to protect skin from harsh UV. pigments skin

Question 13

Merkel Cells

Answer 13

Stratum basale
tactile cells (soft touch)

Question 14

Dendritic cells

Answer 14

Immune cells of skin
“Langerhans”

Question 15

Hemoglobin in skin

Answer 15

pale/flushed

Question 16

melanin

Answer 16

pigment

Question 17

carotene

Answer 17

precursor of vitamin A stored in fat

Question 18

Nevus

Answer 18

pigmented skin lesion formed from a cluster of melanocytes; “mole”

Question 19

Freckles

Answer 19

areas of increased melanocyte activity

Question 20

Hemangiomas

Answer 20

skin discoloration due to abnormal proliferation of
blood vessels; “birthmark”

Question 21

Friction ridges

Answer 21

“epidermal ridges”; cause fingerprints

Question 22

Dermal layers

Answer 22

Papillary (top) and reticular (bottom)

Question 23

Papillary layer

Answer 23

top layer of dermis
loose areolar CT
Dense capillary network

Question 24

Reticular layer

Answer 24

Deep layer of dermis
Dense irregular CT
Accessory structures
-hair
-glands
-sensory receptors

Question 25

Hair function

Answer 25

Protection
Heat retention
Sensory reception
Disperse pheromones

Question 26

Hair bulb

Answer 26

base of hair follicle

Question 27

Papilla

Answer 27

capillary bed

Question 28

hair matrix

Answer 28

living cells divide to form hair

Question 29

Root

Answer 29

hair between bulb to surface

Question 30

Shaft

Answer 30

hair beyond surface

Question 31

Follicle

Answer 31

tube surrounding the root

Question 32

Arrector pili

Answer 32

Control goose bumps

Question 33

Lanugo hair

Answer 33

soft fine hair that covers newborns and babies

Question 34

Vellus hair

Answer 34

thin fine hair that grows all over; peachfuzz
on the limbs

Question 35

Terminal hair

Answer 35

thick, course, pigmented
scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, armpits, pubes, etc

Question 36

alopecia

Answer 36

hair loss

Question 37

Diffuse hair loss

Answer 37

Hair sheds from all parts of scalp
Due to hormones, drugs, iron deficiency

Question 38

Male pattern baldness

Answer 38

loss of hair from crown back in men

Question 39

Hirsutism

Answer 39

excessive hairiness

Question 40

Merocrine glands

Answer 40

exocrine gland
sweat + saliva
vesicles fuse with cell membrane and secrete
“mellocrine”

Question 41

Apocrine gland

Answer 41

exocrine gland
Sweat and mammary
Part of the cell with the vesicles are pinched off to release
activated during puberty
“Apocrine = Apart”

Question 42

Holocrine gland

Answer 42

Exocrine
Mature gland dies to secrete
Sebaceous (releases sebum)
“holo (Dead)”

Question 43

Sudoriferous glands