A&P 1 final unit 1 Flashcards
Cytology
The study of cells
Histology
The study of tissues
Gross Anatomy
Study structures visible to the unaided eye
Systemic anatomy
studies the anatomy of each body
system
Regional anatomy
examines the structures in a body region
Surface anatomy
focuses on superficial anatomic
markings
Embryology
studies developmental changes from
conception to birth
Pathophysiology
focuses on the function of a body system during disease or injury to the system
Levels of organization
Chemicals->cells->tissues->organs->systems->organism
Characteristics of life
Organization, Metabolism, Growth and Development, Responsiveness, Regulation, Homeostasis, Reproduction
Anabolism
Small molecules join together to form a larger one
Catabolism
Large molecule breaks down to smaller ones
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain consistent internal environment in response to changing conditions.
Negative feedback loop
a response to a stimulus causes a change that turns off the response
Positive feedback loop
a response to a stimulus causes a change that reinforces the response
Sagittal plane
Cut straight down the front middle
Frontal/Coronal plane
cuts the body into front and back sides
Transverse plane
top and bottom halves
Thoracic cavity
Pleural and pericardial cavities
Pleural cavity
houses the lungs
Pericardial cavity
houses only the heart
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity
Mediastinum
Median space within the thoracic cavity
-Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart
Abdominopelvic regions
R&L upper quadrants
R&L lower quadrants
Serous Membranes
slick layer surround moving organs in ventral body cavities
Parietal layer
lines internal surface of body wall
Visceral layer
covers external surface of organs
Serous cavity
space between membranes
Serous fluid
Fluid that acts as lubricant to reduce
friction
Pericardium
lines the heart
Pluerae
lines the lungs
Peritoneum
lines all the other organs
List the organ systems
(RUN MRS. LIDEC)
Respiratory, Urinary, Nervous, Muscular, Reproductive, Skeletal, Lymphatic, Integumentary, Digestive, Endocrine, Cardiovascular
Respiratory system
Primary function: breathing O2/CO2 exchange
Major organs: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Urinary system
Primary function: removes waste
Major organs: Kidneys, bladder, urethra
Nervous system
Primary function: sensing and processing information, controlling body activities
Major organs: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Muscular system
Primary function: movement
Major organs: all muscles (smooth, skeletal, cardiac)
Reproductive system
Primary function: to reproduce/continue species
Major organs: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, penis, testicles, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles and prostate
Skeletal system
Primary function: support, protection, movement
Major organs: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
Lymphatic system
Primary function: immune/disease protection
Major organs: lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, spleen, and thymus
Integumentary system
Primary function: protection, sensasion
Major organs: skin, hair, nails
Digestive system
Primary function: breakdown and absorption of nutrients
Major organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Endocrine system
Primary function: Regulatory, hormones
Major organs: hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, ovaries and testicles
Cardiovascular system
Primary function: To transport nutrients, waste, and hormones
Major organs: Heart, blood vessels, and blood
