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A&P > skeletal > Flashcards

skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal functions

A

provides framework, protects soft internal tissues, lever for movement, reservoir for minerals, red blood cell production and energy storage

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2
Q

tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

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3
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

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4
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate
hyaline cartilage
becomes epiphyseal line in adults

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5
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Filled with red marrow as children and turns to yellow as adults

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6
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines medullary cavity
Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

CT wrapping of bones
fibrous and osteogenic

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8
Q

Fibrous layer

A

Anchors vessels and nerves to bone surface
Tendon/ligament attachment

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9
Q

Osteogenic layer

A

Osteoprogenitor cells,
osteoblasts, osteoclasts

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10
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of hyaline that covers the joint. reduces friction and absorbs shock

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11
Q

Nutrient foramen

A

blood and nerves penetrate bone through these

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12
Q

Mesenchymal cell

A

becomes osteoprogenitor cells

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13
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

A

become osteoblasts

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14
Q

osteoblasts

A

produce osteoid

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15
Q

osteocyte

A

mature osteoblasts embedded in bone matrix

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16
Q

osteoclast

A

dissolve and absorb bone

17
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Calcium phosphate
forms crystals
hardens matrix
provides strength

18
Q

Vitamin D

A

For calcium absorption

19
Q

Vitamin C

A

For collagen formation

20
Q

Lamellae

A

Rings of calcified collagen

21
Q

Perichondrium

A

Dense irregular CT
Covers and protects cartilage

22
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Bone forms as hyaline cartilage model. Osteoblasts fill model and secrete bone matrix (osteoid). Leaves spongy bone. Periosteal bud enters. Diaphysis elongate and medullary cavity forms. Epiphysis ossify. Hyaline cartilage remains as epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage

23
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

Bone growth within a membrane
Skull bones, mandible, clavicles

24
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth in length
Occurs at the epiphyseal plate

25
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth in thickness
Occurs at osteogenic layer of periosteum and endosteun

26
Q

Calcium is required for

A

Muscle contraction
Neural function
Cardiac function
Blood clotting

27
Q

vitamin D is needed for

A

calcium absorption
converts to calcitriol

28
Q

Stress fracture

A

hairline fractures due to repeated impact

29
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

fracture due to disease process

30
Q

Simple fracture

A

bone breaks but does not break through skin

31
Q

Compound fracture

A

broken ends of bone break through skin

32
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

partial fracture; bone bends and frays

33
Q

Colles fracture

A

wrist fracture; “dinner fork” deformity

34
Q

Compression fracture

A

osteoporosis leads to fractures of vertebrae

35
Q

Pott’s fracture

A

ankle fracture

36
Q

Bone Repair

A
  1. Fracture hematoma: Blood clot forms
  2. Soft callus: Collagen deposited, Fibrocartilaginous CT forms
  3. Hard callus: Osteoblasts build trabeculae
  4. Remodeling: Osteoclasts remove excess, Compact bone develops

A&P (14 decks)

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