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A&P 1 > Brain and Cranial Nerves: anna made > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves: anna made Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

Three connective tissue layers protecting the brain

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2
Q

Pia mater

A

Adheres to brain surface
Areolar CT

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3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

 Lies external to pia mater
 Arachnoid trabeculae extend to pia mater through subarachnoid space
 Subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

Dura mater

A

 Tough, outer membrane
 Dense irregular connective tissue
 Meningeal layer (deeper layer of dura)
 Periosteal layer (more superficial layer of dura)

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5
Q

Epidural space

A

Between dura and skull; contains arteries and veins

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6
Q

Dural Extensions

A

Form partitions between brain areas; provide support

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7
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Located on midline; separates R & L cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

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9
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Separates left and right cerebellar hemispheres

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10
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Forms “roof ” over sella turcica of sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: R&L Lateral ventricles

A

Through interventricular foramen

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12
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: Third ventricle

A

Through cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: Fourth ventricle

A

Through obex to central canal of spinal cord
Through lateral and medial apertures to subarachnoid space

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14
Q

Ventricular System and CSF: Subarachnoid space

A

Circulation of CSF

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15
Q

Choroid Plexus

A
  • Specialized tissue in each ventricle
     Dense capillary bed lined with ependymal cells
  • Production of CSF
     Filtrate of blood
     Circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space
     Clear liquid
     No RBCs
     Cushions brain
     Transports nutrients and wastes
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16
Q

CSF

A

 Filtrate of blood
 Circulates in ventricles and subarachnoid space
 Clear liquid
 No RBCs
 Cushions brain
 Transports nutrients and wastes

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17
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Projections of arachnoid mater into venous sinus

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18
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

Drains blood from brain

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19
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A
  • Regulates which substances enter the brain
  • Composed of specialized capillaries
     Wrapped by astrocytes
     Tight junction connections
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20
Q

Four functional regions of the brain

A

 Brainstem
 Diencephalon
 Cerebrum
 Cerebellum

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21
Q

Gyri

A

Outward folds

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22
Q

Sulci

A

Inward folds

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23
Q

Fissures

A

Deep sulci

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24
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • Inferior region of brainstem
  • Pyramids: Crossing of somatic motor axons
  • Cardiac centers: Regulates heart rate and force
  • Respiratory centers: Regulates respiratory rate
  • Vasomotor centers: Regulates blood pressure
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25
Q

Pons

A

Bulging region on anterior brainstem
 Respiratory centers: Controls the rate/speed of involuntary respiration

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26
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Superior portion of brainstem
  • Substantia nigra: Releases dopamine to control movement
     Provides excitatory/inhibitory stimuli
  • Periaqueductal gray: Modulation of pain
     Inhibition/facilitation of pain
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27
Q

Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus

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28
Q

Epithalamus

A

Pineal gland

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29
Q

Thalamus

A

 Receives all sensory information except smell
 Sends information to appropriate cerebral centers

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30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

 Controls the ANS
 Regulates body temperature
 Controls the pituitary gland
 Regulates hunger/thirst

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31
Q

Cerebrum

A

Complex intellectual function
 Intelligence and reasoning
 Thought, memory, judgment
 Voluntary movement
 Visual and auditory function

32
Q

Gray matter

A

 Synapses
 Cell bodies, dendrite, terminal bulbs
 “Cerebral cortex”

33
Q

White matter

A

 Myelinated axons
 “Tracts” in CNS
 “Nerves” in PNS

34
Q

Longitudinal fissure (sulcus)

A

Divides cerebrum into R&L hemispheres

35
Q

Central sulcus

A

Boundary between frontal and parietal lobes

36
Q

Corpus callosum

A

~200 million axons that connect the cerebral hemispheres

37
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • Executive function
     Analysis, judgment, planning, personality
  • Somatomotor area
  • Broca’s area
     Controls muscles of speech production
38
Q

Parietal lobe

A

 Sensation from body
 Somatosensory area
 Tactile sensation

39
Q

Temporal lobe

A

 Primary auditory cortex
 Language comprehension
- Wernicke’s area
 Primary olfactory cortex

40
Q

Occipital

A

Primary visual cortex

41
Q

Insula (Limbic cortex)

A

 Memory
 Consciousness
 Emotion
 Primary gustatory cortex

42
Q

Primary sensory cortex

A

 Parietal lobes
 Receives sensory information from proprioceptors, touch,
pressure, pain, temperature receptors

43
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

 Frontal lobes
 “Somatic motor area

44
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

 Language comprehension
 L temporal lobe

45
Q

Broca’s area

A

 Speech production
 L frontal lobe

46
Q

Cerebral Nuclei

A

Centers deep in cerebrum
* Striatum
 Subconscious movement
 Regulates muscle tone

47
Q

CNS Tracts

A

Myelinated axons running together

48
Q

Association tracts

A
  • Same hemisphere
    a. Arcuate fibers
    - Short tracts connecting neighboring nuclei
    b. Longitudinal fasciculi (fibers)
    - Tracts connecting nuclei in different lobes
49
Q

Commissural tracts

A

Connect regions in different hemispheres
- Corpus callosum

50
Q

Projection tracts

A

Connect cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions

51
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

Coordination and balance
- Stores memories of previously learned movements
- Adjusts movements initiated by cerebrum
- Helps maintain balance

52
Q

Folia

A

folds of Cerebellum

53
Q

Vermis

A

Connects L&R cerebellar hemispheres

54
Q

Primary fissure

A

Separates anterior and posterior cerebellar lobes

55
Q

Cerebellar cortex

A

Gray matter

56
Q

Arbor vitae

A

White matter

57
Q

Peduncles

A

Connect brain to cerebellum

58
Q

Limbic System

A

“Emotional brain”
Composed of multiple centers that process emotions
Amygdala

59
Q

Amygdala

A

Integration of emotions and emotional behavior

60
Q

Nerves

A

 Bundles of axons
extending from brain or
spinal cord
 Provide sensory/motor
function to tissues

61
Q

Mnemonic for name and number of cranial nerves:

A

Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly!

62
Q

Mnemonic for sensory/motor function of cranial nerves:

A

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brain Matter More

63
Q

Cranial Nerve I:

A

Olfactory Nerve

  • Sense of smell
  • Sensory (afferent) only
  • Centers in temporal lobes
64
Q

Cranial Nerve II:

A

Optic Nerve

  • Vision
  • Sensory (afferent) only
  • Centers in occipital lobes
65
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor

  • Motor (efferent)
  • Somatic function
     Controls muscles that move the eye
  • Autonomic function
     Controls pupil constriction and dilation
66
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

  • Motor (efferent)
  • Controls muscles that move the eye
67
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal Nerve

  • Sensory and motor
  • Sensation from face
  • Motor function to muscles of mastication (chewing)
68
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens Nerve

  • Motor (efferent)
  • Controls muscles that move the eyes
     Abduction
69
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial Nerve

  • Sensory and motor
  • Controls muscles of facial expression
  • Delivers taste information from tongue
70
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

  • Sensory
  • Two nerves in one
    1. Cochlear (auditory)
    nerve
     Hearing
    2. Vestibular nerve
     Balance
71
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

  • Sensory and motor
  • Taste and touch from tongue
  • Control of pharyngeal muscles
     Swallowing
72
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus Nerve
* Sensory and motor
* Sensation from organs (viscera)
* Parasympathetic motor control of many organs
 Decreased BP and HR, increased digestive activities, increased blood flow to kidneys, increased reproductive activity

73
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory Nerve
* Controls some muscles that position and move the head

74
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve
* Controls tongue movement

75
Q

what are the nerves that involve eye movement

76
Q

what are nerves that involve the face

77
Q

Arachnoid trabeculae

A

extend to pia mater through subarachnoid space

A&P 1 (21 decks)

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