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A&P > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Chord

A

Spinal chord housed within the vertebral foramen.

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2
Q

Dura Mater

A

outer most meninges
epidural space and subdural space

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3
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Middle meninges

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4
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

csf flows through

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5
Q

Pia Mater

A

Innermost meninges

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6
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is the source of the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus and supply the upper limbs.

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7
Q

Lumbar enlargement

A

Nerves supply the lower limbs

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8
Q

Conus medullaris

A

give rise to the lumbar sympathetic, sacral somatic and sacral parasympathetic nerves which continue downward within the cauda equina.

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9
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of nerves

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10
Q

Cauda equina

A

these nerves send and receive messages to and from the lower limbs and pelvic organs

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11
Q

Filum terminale

A

fixate, stabilize, and buffer the distal spinal cord from normal and abnormal cephalic and caudal traction.

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12
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

help to anchor the spinal cord in place

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13
Q

Cervical region

A

c1-8

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14
Q

thoracic region

A

t1-t12

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15
Q

lumbar region

A

l1-5

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16
Q

sacral region

A

s1-5

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17
Q

Coccygeal region

A

c0

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18
Q

Roots of spinal chord

A

Axons extend from spinal cord to innervate tissues
Ventral/anterior:motor and Dorsal/posterior:sensory

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19
Q

Anterior median fissure

A

Groove in front of spinal cord

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20
Q

Posterior median fissure

A

Groove in back of spinal cord

21
Q

Anterior horns

A

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
Motor nuclei send out efferent somatic signals

22
Q

Lateral horns

A

Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons (only segments T1-L2)
Motor nuclei send out efferent autonomic signals

23
Q

Posterior horns

A

Synaptic knobs of sensory neurons and cell bodies of
interneurons
Sensory nuclei receive afferent somatic and autonomic signals

24
Q

Gray commissure

A

Band of gray matter surrounding central canal. Connect left and right gray matter

25
Q

Posterior funiculus

A

Ascending sensory tracts

26
Q

Lateral funiculus

A

Sensory and motor tracts

27
Q

Anterior funiculus

A

Sensory and motor tracts

28
Q

Somatosensory pathways

A

sensory info from muscles, joints, skin

29
Q

Viscerosensory pathways

A

Sensory information from organs and vessels

30
Q

Dorsal (posterior) column

A

Spinal cord to the medulla, transmits sensory info.

31
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

Continuation of the dorsal column, from the medulla to the cortex

32
Q

Anterior root

A

Axons of motor neurons
Cell bodies located in anterior and lateral horns

33
Q

Posterior root

A

Axons of sensory neurons
Cell bodies located in posterior root ganglion

34
Q

Posterior ramus

A

Innervates muscles
and skin of back

35
Q

Anterior ramus

A

Innervates trunk,
upper and lower limbs

36
Q

Rami communicantes

A

Small branches of
autonomic fibers

37
Q

Nerve plexus

A

Network of branching spinal
nerves
* Provide a backup system for
sensory and motor function
 Cervical plexus
 Brachial plexus
 Lumbar plexus
 Sacral plexus
* Give rise to peripheral
(named) peripheral nerves

38
Q

Medial lemniscus pathway

A

a sensory pathway in the central nervous system responsible for carrying information related to fine touch, vibration, proprioception (body position), and two-point discrimination from the body to the somatosensory cortex in the brain

39
Q

Anterolateral pathway

A

carries information about noxious stimuli, temperature stimuli, and deep touch and pain.

40
Q

Spinocerebellar pathways

A

an ascending tract that travels a path from the spinal cord to the cerebellum ipsilaterally. The function involves carrying unconscious proprioceptive information toward the cerebellum.

41
Q

Somatic motor pathway

A

Control skeletal muscle
* Involve 2-3 neurons
 Upper motor neurons
 “Descending” tracts
 Begin in motor cortex,
cerebral nuclei, brainstem
nuclei
 Substantia nigra, striatum
 Excite or inhibit lower
motor neurons
 Lower motor neurons
 “Efferent” pathways
 Begin in cranial nerve
nucleus or anterior horn of
spinal cord
 Synapse with effectors

42
Q

Direct pathway

A

Conscious voluntary control
* Involves 2 neurons
 Upper motor neuron
 Originates at precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex
 Axon part of one of two corticospinal tracts
* Lateral corticospinal tract
o Decussates in medulla
o Targets appendicular skeletal muscle
o 85% of direct pathway neurons
* Anterior corticospinal tract
o Does not decussate
o Targets axial skeletal muscle
o 15% of direct pathway neurons
 Lower motor neuron
 Originates in anterior gray horn of spinal cord
 Synapses with skeletal muscle

43
Q

Indirect Pathway

A

Unconscious, reflexive
control
* Lateral pathway
 Precise, discrete
movement of limbs
 Lateral corticospinal
tract and rubrospinal
tract (tegmentum to
spinal cord)
* Medial pathway
 Muscle tone and
movement of axial
muscles
 Face, head, neck, trunk

44
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1-C5
Innervates head neck and shoulders
Phrenic nerve: innervates diaphragm

45
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C6-T1
Innervates upper extremities
Axillary nerve: delt
Median nerve: anterior forearm
Radial nerve: posterior lateral forearm
Ulnar nerve: medial forearm

46
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1-L5
femoral nerve: hip, anterior thigh
Obturator nerve: medial thigh

47
Q

Sacral plexus

A

S1-S5
Sciatic nerve: glute, posterior thigh
longest nerve in the body
Tibial nerve: hamstring, adductors
Common fibular nerve: knee and leg movers

48
Q

Dermatomes

A

An area of skin supplied by sensory neurons of a single spinal nerve
 Borders overlap
 Some overlap of function
 Referred pain

A&P (14 decks)

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