Tissues

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

collection of similar cells that perform a common function (cells held by junctions)

Question 2

tight junction

Answer 2

impermeable junction preventing exchange between cells

• digestive tract

Question 3

adhesion junction

Answer 3

holds cells together despite stretching

• opening of uterus, skin

Question 4

gap junction

Answer 4

allows communication (small molecules/ions passing from cell to cell)

• beating of cilia, heart, smooth muscle

Question 5

3 main types of connective tissue

Answer 5

fibrous, supportive, fluid

Question 6

fibrous connective

Answer 6

loose: open framework
dense: packed together

Question 7

collagen vs reticular vs elastic fiber

Answer 7

r: branched, thin, forms network
c: unbranched, strong, flexible
e: branched, stretchable

Question 8

ground substance

Answer 8

fills spaces between cells and fibers

Question 9

fibroblast

Answer 9

produces fibers + ground substance

Question 10

mast cell vs stem cell

Answer 10

m: releases chemicals after injury/infection
s: divides to produce other types

Question 11

supportive connective tissue

Answer 11

cartilage and bone

Question 12

cartilage

Answer 12

lacunae cell chambers, solid/flexible matrix, low blood supply

Question 13

hyaline cartilage

Answer 13

fine collagen fibers

Question 14

elastic cartilage

Answer 14

more elastic fibers (flexible)

Question 15

fibrocartilage

Answer 15

strong collagen fibers, areas w/high tension/pressure

Question 16

bone

Answer 16

lacunae chambers, solid/rigid matrix, collagen + calcium salts, vascularized

compact + spongy

Clasts: break down
cytes: maintain
Blasts: building

Question 17

compact

Answer 17

units called osteons, hard matrix + living cells + blood vessels

eg long shaft bone

Question 18

spongy

Answer 18

open, latticework w/irregular spaces, surrounds bone marrow cavity

eg ends of long bones

Question 19

benefits of bone being vascularized

Answer 19

more access to nutrients, growth, and repair

cartilage requires nutrients by diffusion

Question 20

fluid connective tissue

Answer 20

blood and lymph

Question 21

blood

Answer 21

fluid matrix (plasma) + 3 formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

transfers nutrients and waste to/from tissues

Question 22

RBCs VS WBCs VS platelets

Answer 22

r: carry oxygen
w: fight infection (immune system)
p: clots blood (pieces of megakaryocytes)

Question 23

lymph

Answer 23

clear/watery fluid matrix

site of immune system action

Question 24

lymphatic vessels functions

Answer 24

absorb excess fluids -> cardiovascular system -> absorb fat from small intestine

Question 25

lymph nodes

Answer 25

(fibrous connective tissue) "filter" and clean lymph (get enlarged during infections)

Question 26

muscle tissue

Answer 26

muscle fibers/cells + protein fibers (actin/mysoin) for movement 3: skeletal, smooth, cardiac)

Question 27

skeletal muscle

Answer 27

long, cylindrical cells, multiple nuclei, striated fibers attached to bone w/tendon

Question 28

smooth muscle

Answer 28

spindle-shaped cell w/1 nucleus, lacks striations walls of hollow organs/vessels involuntary slower to contract

Question 29

cardiac

Answer 29

branched cells w/1 nucleus, strations w/dark striations (intercalated disks) between cells

Question 30

nervous tissue

Answer 30

communication between cells (sensory input + integration of data + motor output) neurons + (neuro)glia

Question 31

neurons

Answer 31

dendrite + cell body + axon covered in myelin

Question 32

glia types

Answer 32

oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheath astrocytes: provide nutrients microglia: engulf bacteria + debris

Question 33

epithelial tissue

Answer 33

- tight, continuous network - lines body cavities, surfaces and glands - cells anchored by basement membrane (carbs/proteins layer) - other side exposed to environment

Question 34

epithelial functions

Answer 34

secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration

Question 35

epithelial categorization (# of cell layers)

Answer 35

simple: 1 stratified: 1+ pseudostratified: 1 (appears to have more)

Question 36

epithelial categorization (shape of cell)

Answer 36

cuboidal: cube columnar: column squamous: flat

Question 37

simple squamous

Answer 37

air sacs of lungs, heart and blood vessel linings | exchange of nutrients, gases, wastes

Question 38

stratified squamous

Answer 38

surface of skin, mouth lining, esophagus | protection against abrasion, infection, drying out

Question 39

simple cubodial

Answer 39

kidney tubules, glands | absorption, secretion

Question 40

stratified cubodial

Answer 40

ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands | protection

Question 41

simple columnar

Answer 41

lining of gut, respiratory tract | absorption, secretion

Question 42

stratified columnar

Answer 42

rare, urethra | protection, secretion