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HSCI100 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

main steps

A
  1. ingestion
  2. digestion
  3. movement
  4. absorption
  5. elimination
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2
Q

ingestion

A

intake of food via mouth

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3
Q

digestion

A

mechanically/chemically breaking down food into subunits

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4
Q

movement

A

food moved along GI tract

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5
Q

absorption

A

movement of nutrients across GI tract wall to cells/tissues via blood

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6
Q

elimination

A

removal of indigestible molecules

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7
Q

mucosa

A

innermost layer, produces: mucus for protection, produces digestive enzymes

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8
Q

submucosa

A

2nd layer, loose connective tissue containing blood/lymphatic vessels and nerves

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9
Q

muscularis

A

3rd layer, 2 smooth muscle layers that move food

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10
Q

serosa

A

outer lining, part of peritoneum that covers abdominal organs

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11
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete salivary amylase enzyme, beings carb digestion

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12
Q

tonsils

A

lymph organ, back of mouth, important in fighting disease

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13
Q

tongue

A

covered in taste buds, mechanical breakdown + movement of food

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14
Q

bolus

A

mass of chewed food

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15
Q

teeth

A

mechanical digestion

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16
Q

stomach

A

longitudinal/circular/oblique layer of muscle

  • pepsiongen/HCl/mucus-secreting cells embedded in wall, gastric pits
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17
Q

heartburn

A

acid reflux

-chronic: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

18
Q

pancreas

A

secretes enzymes into s. intestine to digest carbs, proteins, fats

19
Q

gallbladder

A

liver produces bile -> stores and secretes bile to emulsify fats

20
Q

microvilli/villi

A

increases surface area of small intestine for absorption

21
Q

which molecules enter the capillaries for absorption?

A

amino acids and sugars

22
Q

which molecules enter the lacteals (small lymph vessels)?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

23
Q

how are nutrients digested and transported out of s. intestine? (carbohydrates)

A
  • poly->di->mono->glucose/fructose
  • facilitated transport
  • blood travels via hepatic portal vein -> liver
24
Q

how are nutrients digested and transported out of s. intestine? (proteins)

A
  • protein -> peptide -> amino acids

- hepatic portal vein -> liver

25
Q

how are nutrients digested and transported out of s. intestine? (fat)

A

bile salts + fat globules -> emulsification droplets -> bile salts + fatty acids/monoglycerides -> micelles -> chylomicron -> lacteal -> thoracic duct

26
Q

protein digestion (substrates and enzymes): stomach

A

proteins + pepsin (enzyme) -> small polypetides

27
Q

protein digestion (substrates and enzymes): lumen/s. intestine

A
  • polypetides + trypsin -> smaller + aminopeptidase/carboxypeptidase -> amino acids
28
Q

protein digestion (substrates and enzymes): epithelium/s. intestine

A

small peptides + dipeptidases -> amino acids

29
Q

carbohydrate digestion (substrates and enzymes): mouth

A

polysaccharides (starch/glyogen) + salivary amylase -> smaller polysaccharides

30
Q

carbohydrate digestion (substrates and enzymes): lumen

A

polysaccharides + pancreatic amylases -> maltose, disaccharides

31
Q

carbohydrate digestion (substrates and enzymes): epithelium

A

maltose/disaccharides + disaccharidases -> monosaccharides

32
Q

nucleic acid digestion (substrates and enzymes): lumen

A

dna/rna + nucleases -> nucleotides

33
Q

nucleic acid digestion (substrates and enzymes): epithelium

A

nucleotides + nucleotidases -> nucleosides + nucleosidases -> nitrogenous bases/sugars/phosphates

34
Q

fat digestion (substrates and enzymes): lumen

A

fat globules + bile salts -> fat droplets (emulsified) + lipase -> glycerol, fatty acids, glyerides

35
Q

l. intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

36
Q

cecum

A

includes appendix (minor role in fighting infections)

37
Q

l. intestine functions

A

absorb water, vitamins (B complex + K) produced by intestinal flora/bacteria
- poop

38
Q

liver functions (7)

A
  • bile production
  • blood filtering
  • plasma protein production
  • bile salt production (cholesterol regulation)
  • glucose -> glycogen storage (glucose regulation w glucagon/insuline)
  • hemoglobin break down
39
Q

pancreas’ enzymes

A
  • trypsin: proteins
  • lipase: fats
  • pancreatic amylase: carbs
40
Q

pancreas functions (2)

A
  • bicarbonate secretion to neutralize stomach acids

- insulin (blood sugar level regulation)

HSCI100 (23 decks)

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