Bones

Question 1

skeletal system functions

Answer 1

support, protection, rbc production, mineral and fat storage, movement

Question 2

long bone parts

Answer 2

• diaphysis
• epiphysis
• articular cartilage
• yellow bone marrow
• red bone marrow
• periosteum
• ligaments

Question 3

diaphysis

Answer 3

bone shaft, compact bone, filled w/yellow bone marrow

Question 4

epiphysis

Answer 4

bone ends, spongy bone

Question 5

articular cartilage

Answer 5

hyaline cartilage @ bone ends

Question 6

yellow bone marrow

Answer 6

fat storage

Question 7

red bone marrow

Answer 7

rbc production, found in spongy and flat

Question 8

periosteum

Answer 8

living, outer covering of fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

ligaments

Answer 9

fibrous connective tissue that connects bones

Question 10

compact bone

Answer 10

osteons w/central canal containing blood vessels

• living bone cells (osteocytes) in lacunae chambers

Question 11

cartilage

Answer 11

used in bone formation

Question 12

spongy bone

Answer 12

made of plates w/spaces filled w/red bone marrow

Question 13

chondrocytes

Answer 13

cartilage-forming cells

Question 14

intramembranous ossification

Answer 14

bone development between fibrous connective tissue sheets

• used in flat bones

Question 15

endochondral ossification

Answer 15

cartilage replaced by bone (used in most bones)

Question 16

step 1: cartilage model

Answer 16

chondrocytes lay down hyaline cartilage in shape of future bones

Question 17

step 2: bone collar formation

Answer 17

osteoblasts secrete bone matrix, results in a compact bone collar

Question 18

step 3: primary ossification center

Answer 18

osteoblasts brought interiorly by blood, lays down spongy bone

Question 19

step 4: secondary ossification sites

Answer 19

bone centers in epiphyses formed after birth

Question 20

step 5: epiphyseal plate

Answer 20

cartilage band acts as growth plate that allows bones to lengthen

Question 21

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 21

stimulates general bone growth and epiphyseal plates

Question 22

sex hormones

Answer 22

increases growth during adolescence

Question 23

vitamin D

Answer 23

converted to a hormone to allow calcium absorption in intestine

Question 24

role in homeostasis

Answer 24

calcium blood regulation through hormones

Question 25

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 25

increases blood calcium by accelerating bone recycling (regulates)

Question 26

calcitonin

Answer 26

decreases blood calcium

Question 27

bone repair step 1

Answer 27

hematoma: blood clot formed between broken bones

Question 28

bone repair step 2

Answer 28

fibrocartilaginous callus: forms between broken bones

Question 29

bone repair step 3

Answer 29

bony callus - cartilaginous callus turned to bone

Question 30

bone repair step 4

Answer 30

remodeling: old bone replaced by new bone tissue

Question 31

fibrous joint type

Answer 31

usually immovable (eg sutures between cranial bones)

Question 32

cartilaginous joint type

Answer 32

slightly movable (eg intervertebral disks)

Question 33

synovial joint type

Answer 33

freely movable (shoulder/knee joints)

Question 34

flexion

Answer 34

decrease in joint angle

Question 35

extension

Answer 35

increase in joint angle

Question 36

adduction

Answer 36

body part moves toward midline

Question 37

abduction

Answer 37

body part moves away from midline

Question 38

inversion

Answer 38

sole of foot turns inward

Question 39

eversion

Answer 39

sole of foot turns outward