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HSCI100 > Reproductive cont. > Flashcards

Reproductive cont. Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Pre-embryonic development
A

fertilization through second week

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2
Q

2 Embryonic development

A

wk 3 - wk 8

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3
Q
  1. Fetal development
A

wk 9 - birth

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4
Q

development after birth

A

postnatal

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5
Q

main processes of development

A
  • cleavage
  • growth
  • morphogenesis
  • differentiation
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6
Q

cleavage

A

cell mitotic division (2, 4, 8..) w/o embryo increasing in size

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7
Q

growth

A

cell mitotic division + size increase

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8
Q

morphogenesis

A

embryo begins to take shape as cells migrate

  • “morpho” shape
  • “genesis” beginning
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9
Q

differentiation

A

cells take on specific structure and function (nervous system = first visible system of embryo)

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10
Q

fertilization steps 1

A

secretions from female reproductive tract alter surface of plasma membrane of sperm

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11
Q

fertilization steps 2

A

sperm contacts corona radiata, and enzyme; spill out of acrosome

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12
Q

fertilization steps 3

A

enzymes disrupt cellular attachments (allowing passage of sperm through corona radiata -> zona pellucida

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13
Q

fertilization steps 4

A

sperm contacts plasma membrane of secondary oocyte -> plasma membranes fuse

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14
Q

fertilization steps 5

A

sperm enters cytoplasm of secondary oocyte

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15
Q

fertilization steps 6

A

granules near plasma membrane of secondary oocyte release enzymes -> zona pellucida hardens

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16
Q

fertilization steps 7

A

nucleus of sperm and egg fuse (fertilization completed)

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17
Q

pre-embryonic development wk 1 step 1: ovulation

A

secondary oocyte released from ovary and swept into eviduct

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18
Q

pre-embryonic development wk 1 step 2: fertilization

A

single sperm penetrates secondary oocyte -> sperm and egg nuclei fuse -> zygote

19
Q

pre-embryonic development wk 1 step 3: cleavage

A

mitotic division w/o size increase

20
Q

pre-embryonic development wk 1 step 4: morula

A

solid ball of cells that enters uterus

21
Q

pre-embryonic development wk 1 step 5: blastocyst

A

hollow ball of cells w/ fluid-filled cavity

- increases in size

22
Q

pre-embryonic development wk 1 step 6: implantation

A

blastocyst attaches to endometrium -> cells of inner cell mass form primary germ layers

23
Q

chorion

A

fetal half of placenta

- organ nourishes embryo and gets rid of wastes by exchange w/ mother’s blood

24
Q

allantois

A

gives rise to bladder and blood vessels of umbilical cord that carry blood to-fro fetus

25
Q

yolk sack

A

contains many blood vessels and where blood cells first form
- primordial germ cells

26
Q

amnion

A

contains amniotic fluid for protection/cushioning

27
Q

embryonic development wk 2

A
  • pregnancy begins after implantation
  • human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) secreted (maintaining corpus luteum and endometrium
  • embryonic disk goes through gastrulation
28
Q

gastrula

A

embryo w/ ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

29
Q

ectoderm (outer layer)

A

skin epiderms, epithelial lining cavity and rectum, nervous system

30
Q

mesoderm (middle)

A

skeleton, muscular, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive, outer layers of respiratory/digestive

31
Q

endoderm (inner)

A

epithelial lining of digestive and respiratory tract,

32
Q

embryonic development wk 3

A
  • nervous system develops
  • neural tube -> spinal cord and brain
  • development of heart begins
33
Q

embryonic development wk 4

A
  • chorionic villi and umbilical cord forms
  • heart beats
  • limb buds form
  • hands/feet
34
Q

embryonic development wk 5

A
  • head enlarges

- eyes, ears, nose

35
Q

fetal development months 3/4

A
  • hair development
  • head slows in growth
  • cartilage -> bone
  • female/male
  • heartbeat
36
Q

fetal development months 5-7

A
  • fetal movement
  • fetal position
  • eyelids fully open
  • growth
37
Q

fetal development months 8/9

A
  • gains a pound/week

- fetus rotate (head pointed towards cervix)

38
Q

anti-mullerian hormone

A

secreted by testes, prevents development of female sex organs

39
Q

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

A

external organ development dependent of presence/absence of this (produced by testes)

40
Q

bad changes in mother’s body

A
  • effect of progesterone (acid reflux, constipation)
  • morning sickness
  • edema and varicose veins
  • gestational diabetes
  • stretch marks
41
Q

birth stage 1 (dilation)

A

regular contractions, ends when cervix is dilated 10 cm

42
Q

birth stage 2 (expulsion)

A

begins w full dilation of cervix and ends w/delivery of baby

43
Q

birth stage 3 (placental)

A

ends w/expulsion of placenta

HSCI100 (23 decks)

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