Blood Flashcards
functions
- transportation: oxygen, nutrients, wastes, co2, hormones, etc.
- defense: against pathogens
- regulatory: body temp, water-salt balance, body pH
albumins
plasma protein
- for plasma osmotic pressure and transport
globulins
plasma protein
- transport lipids + fat-soluble vitamins
- some are antibodies
fibrinogen
blood clot formation
hematopoieisis
process of blood stem cell differentiation
rbc’s
lacks nucleus, few organelles, shape increases surface area, hemoglobin molecule (each one binds 4 O2)
rbc production cycle and negative feedback
red bone marrow -> increased oxygen delivery to tissues -> inhibits erythropoeitin (EPO) release -> decreased oxygen delivery to tissues -> kidney EPO released -> old cells destroyed by liver/spleen -> epo increase -> production
anemia
too few rbc’s/hemoglobin
sickle-cell anemia
genetic, rbc’s sickle-shape that tend to rupture
hemolytic disease of the newborn
incompatible blood types -> rupturing of blood cells in a baby before and after birth
- Rh- mother + 2nd(+) Rh+ baby
wbc
red bone marrow, nucleus, production regulated by colony-stimulating factor (CSF), also found in tissues, immune system, etc.
eosinophil
granular wbc stained by eosin (red)
- small %
- large granules function in parasitic worm infections
- allergies
basophil
granular wbc stained by basic dyes (blue)
- small %
- histamine (attracts other wbcs, dilates blood vessels)
neutrophil
granular wbc unstained
- 50-70%
- phagocytosis
- component of pus
lymphocyte (B/T-cells)
- agranular
- 25-35%
- develops B and T cells for immune cystemd
monocyte
- in tissues
- macrophages use phagocytosis
severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
inherited
- wbc’s lack enzyme to fight any infection
leukemia
groups of cancers affect wbc’s
infectious mononueclosis
“kissing disease”
- epstein-barr virus (EBV) infects lymphocytes
- fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes
platelets
- megakaryocyte fragments
- blood proteins thrombin + fibrinogen for blood clotting
blood clot process step 1
injured cells in vessel walls and platelets release clotting factors
blood clot process step 2
clotting factors convert inactive blood protein to prothrombin activator
blood clot process step 3
prothrombin activator: prothrombin -> thrombin (liver)
blood clot process step 4
thrombin: fibrinogen -> fibrin (liver)
blood clot process step 5
fibrin network traps rbcs and platelets, forming blood clot
thrombocytopenia
platelets # low
thromboembolism
when a clot forms (thrombus) and breaks off from its origin site (embolus) and plugs another vessel
hemophilia
genetic disorder
- unable to properly clot internally and externally
antigen
foreign substance (eg polysaccharide, protein) that stimulates immune response
antibody
proteins made in response to antigen (binds to it to eliminate)
- very specific, numerous variety
type A
- A antigen
- Anti-B
- Receives A, O
type B
- B antigen
- Anti-A
- Receives B, O
type AB
- AB antigen
- none
- receives all
type O
- no antigen
- Anti-A/B
- receives O
Rh factor
Rh antibodies develop when exposed to Rh factor from another (fetus)
hemolytic disease of the newborn prevention
- Rh- women given injection of anti-RH antibodies
