Blood

Question 1

functions

Answer 1

• transportation: oxygen, nutrients, wastes, co2, hormones, etc.
• defense: against pathogens
• regulatory: body temp, water-salt balance, body pH

Question 2

albumins

Answer 2

plasma protein

• for plasma osmotic pressure and transport

Question 3

globulins

Answer 3

plasma protein

• transport lipids + fat-soluble vitamins
• some are antibodies

Question 4

fibrinogen

Answer 4

blood clot formation

Question 5

hematopoieisis

Answer 5

process of blood stem cell differentiation

Question 6

rbc’s

Answer 6

lacks nucleus, few organelles, shape increases surface area, hemoglobin molecule (each one binds 4 O2)

Question 7

rbc production cycle and negative feedback

Answer 7

red bone marrow -> increased oxygen delivery to tissues -> inhibits erythropoeitin (EPO) release -> decreased oxygen delivery to tissues -> kidney EPO released -> old cells destroyed by liver/spleen -> epo increase -> production

Question 8

anemia

Answer 8

too few rbc’s/hemoglobin

Question 9

sickle-cell anemia

Answer 9

genetic, rbc’s sickle-shape that tend to rupture

Question 10

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 10

incompatible blood types -> rupturing of blood cells in a baby before and after birth

• Rh- mother + 2nd(+) Rh+ baby

Question 11

wbc

Answer 11

red bone marrow, nucleus, production regulated by colony-stimulating factor (CSF), also found in tissues, immune system, etc.

Question 12

eosinophil

Answer 12

granular wbc stained by eosin (red)

• small %
• large granules function in parasitic worm infections
• allergies

Question 13

basophil

Answer 13

granular wbc stained by basic dyes (blue)

• small %
• histamine (attracts other wbcs, dilates blood vessels)

Question 14

neutrophil

Answer 14

granular wbc unstained

• 50-70%
• phagocytosis
• component of pus

Question 15

lymphocyte (B/T-cells)

Answer 15

• agranular
• 25-35%
• develops B and T cells for immune cystemd

Question 16

monocyte

Answer 16

• in tissues

- macrophages use phagocytosis

Question 17

severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

Answer 17

inherited

- wbc’s lack enzyme to fight any infection

Question 18

leukemia

Answer 18

groups of cancers affect wbc’s

Question 19

infectious mononueclosis

Answer 19

“kissing disease”

• epstein-barr virus (EBV) infects lymphocytes
• fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes

Question 20

platelets

Answer 20

• megakaryocyte fragments

- blood proteins thrombin + fibrinogen for blood clotting

Question 21

blood clot process step 1

Answer 21

injured cells in vessel walls and platelets release clotting factors

Question 22

blood clot process step 2

Answer 22

clotting factors convert inactive blood protein to prothrombin activator

Question 23

blood clot process step 3

Answer 23

prothrombin activator: prothrombin -> thrombin (liver)

Question 24

blood clot process step 4

Answer 24

thrombin: fibrinogen -> fibrin (liver)

Question 25

blood clot process step 5

Answer 25

fibrin network traps rbcs and platelets, forming blood clot

Question 26

thrombocytopenia

Answer 26

platelets # low

Question 27

thromboembolism

Answer 27

when a clot forms (thrombus) and breaks off from its origin site (embolus) and plugs another vessel

Question 28

hemophilia

Answer 28

genetic disorder | - unable to properly clot internally and externally

Question 29

antigen

Answer 29

foreign substance (eg polysaccharide, protein) that stimulates immune response

Question 30

antibody

Answer 30

proteins made in response to antigen (binds to it to eliminate) - very specific, numerous variety

Question 31

type A

Answer 31

- A antigen - Anti-B - Receives A, O

Question 32

type B

Answer 32

- B antigen - Anti-A - Receives B, O

Question 33

type AB

Answer 33

- AB antigen - none - receives all

Question 34

type O

Answer 34

- no antigen - Anti-A/B - receives O

Question 35

Rh factor

Answer 35

Rh antibodies develop when exposed to Rh factor from another (fetus)

Question 36

hemolytic disease of the newborn prevention

Answer 36

- Rh- women given injection of anti-RH antibodies