DNA replication Flashcards
how does DNA replicate?
- an enzyme winds the 2 strands (breaks H bonds)
- DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides
- replication is “semiconservative”
- result with two strands from original one
polymerases
RNA/DNA polymerase
synthesize (DNA/RNA) from DNA template
3 types of RNA (+ 3 bonus)
rRNA : Ribosomal
mRNA: Messenger
tRNA: Transfer
Ribozymes: Enzymatic RNAs
snoRNA: components of mRNA splicing machinery
miRNA: microRNAS (regulate gene expression
codon vs anticodon
a: complementary to codon bases
c: 3 bases
transcription
RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA using DNA as a template
mRNA is processed before leaving nucleus
EXons are EXpressed
translation
mRNA moves to ribosomes -> tRNAs with anticodons carry amino acids to mRNA -> anticodon-codon complementary base pairing occurs -> polypeptide synthesis takes place one amino acid at a time
translation 3 stages
Initiation: mRNA binds to ribosome
Elongation: polypeptide chain grows
Termination: Protein synthesis stops
transcription involves the _____ while translation involves the _______
nucleus; ribosome
mRNA is read in triplets called ___, which bind to parts of tRNA called _____ during a cellular process called ____
codons; anticodons; translation
