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Science for Medicine > Tissues 2 > Flashcards

Tissues 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the formation of exocrine glands.

A

A tube is formed as the cells are still attached to the basal lamina

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2
Q

Describe the formation of endocrine glands.

A

Cells lose contact with the surface and become a mass of specialised cells and accumulate around blood vessels

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3
Q

What types structures of exocrine gland are there?

A

Simple

Compound with many branches

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4
Q

What shape is a tubular gland?

A

Long, thin and relatively straight

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5
Q

What shape is an acinar gland?

A

Spherical, like a grape

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6
Q

What types of exocrine glands are there?

A

Mucous glands

Serous glands

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7
Q

Describe the secretions of mucous glands.

A
  • Secretion rich in proteoglycans

- Secretion mixed with water gives mucus

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8
Q

Describe the secretions of the serous glands.

A

-Protein rich secretion

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9
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A
  • Specialised epithelial cells which have contractile cytoplasm.
  • They play and important role in encouraging secretion of substances into ducts
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10
Q

What is secreted during proteinaceous secretion?

A

Proteins or hormones

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11
Q

Describe steroid endocrine glands.

A
  • They cannot store steroid hormones, only keep the precursor, however that can store protein hormones.
  • Steroid hormones made on demand.
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12
Q

What are the parenchyma of liver epithelium?

A

Heptocytes

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13
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged in the liver?

A

-In rows between blood vessels which allows them to take part in secretion

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14
Q

What are the support epithelial cells in the liver involved in?

A
  • Lining blood vessels

- Lining bile ducts

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15
Q

What are the parenchyma of kidney epithelium?

A

Epithelial cells

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16
Q

How are epithelial cells arranged in the kidney?

A

Organised into nephrons

17
Q

What are the function of epithelial cells in the kidney?

A

Multiple functions:

  • Filtration of blood
  • Partial absorption of filtrate
  • Overall to release urine from the kidney
18
Q

What are the support epithelial cells of the kidney involved in?

A
  • Lining blood vessels

- Lining renal pelvis

19
Q

What classifies as abnormal function of epithelial cells?

A

-Over proliferation
-Under proliferation
-Over secretion
-Under secretion
Loss of cilia/ciliary beat

20
Q

What does the pituitary gland secrete?

A

Growth hormone

21
Q

What is the result of abnormal function of the pituitary gland/

A

Over production: Pituitary giantism

Under production: Pituitary dwarfism

22
Q

How can disease affect the function of the uterine tube?

A
  • It contains singles celled mucous glands.
  • When infected with chlamydia trachomatis thick mucus is produced
  • This can lead to infertility as ovum/sperm become trapped
23
Q

What is considered connective tissue?

A
  • Blood/bone marrow
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Adipose
24
Q

What is connective tissue composed of?

A
  • Fibres (solid rope like)
  • Ground substance jelly like)
  • Tissue fluid
25
Q

What fibres are in connective tissue?

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic
  • Reticulin
26
Q

What are the physical propertied of collagen?

A
  • Inelastic but flexible

- Great tensile strength

27
Q

What are 3 types of collagen?

A
  • Type I in tendons
  • Type III in reticulin
  • Type IV in basal lamina (non-fibrous)
28
Q

How is collagen formed?

A
  • Fibroblasts produce procollagen which is acted on by collagenase
  • Produces triple stranded helix
  • Forms collagen fibril
  • Forms collagen fibres
29
Q

Where is reticulin found?

A

Lymph

30
Q

What are elastic fibre made from?

A

Protein elastin

31
Q

How far can elastic fibres stretch?

A

Can stretch to 1.5 times resting length

32
Q

What are the components of elastic fibres?

A
  • Microfibrils

- Amorphous component

33
Q

How are elastic fibres usually found?

A

Generally found in sheets and yellow in colour

34
Q

What does ground substance consist of?

A
  • Proteoglycans (protein core+ GAGS)
  • Hyaluronic acid
  • Glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)
35
Q

How can connective tissue be classified?

A
  • Loose
  • Dense regular
  • Dense irregular
36
Q

What is loose connective tissue made from?

A 
Permanent fixed cells
-Fibroblasts
-Macrophages
-Adipocytes
-Mast cells
-Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells
Transient cells
-WBC
37
Q

What is an example of a dense regular tissue?

A

Tendon

38
Q

What is an example of a dense irregular tissue?

A

Sebaceous gland in the skin

39
Q

Give examples of abnormal functions of connective tissue.

A
  • Blood/bone marrow: leukaemia
  • Loose/dense: loss/abnormal fibres
  • Cartilage: tear
  • Bone: osteoporosis

Science for Medicine (50 decks)

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