Tissues 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe epithelial tissue.

A
  • It covers surfaces and separates compartments
  • Forms glands
  • Cells are connected and define function
  • Has a diversity of secondary functions
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2
Q

Describe connective tissue.

A
  • It connects
  • Structure and function defined by fluid and extracellular matrix
  • Liquid to solid matrix
  • Includes blood, bone and adipose
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3
Q

Describe muscle tissue.

A
  • Long thin cells which have cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus
  • Contractile
  • Shortens in length and closes down spaces
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4
Q

What kind of muscle tissues are there?

A
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
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5
Q

Describe nervous tissue.

A
  • Important in communication
  • Consists of neurones and support cells
  • Receives, generates and transmits electrical signals
  • Integrates information from around the body
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6
Q

How does epithelial tissue maintain coverage of surfaces?

A
  • No contact inhibition
  • Cell-cell junctions
  • Cell-ECM junctions
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7
Q

What is a desmosome?

A

A cell-cell junction

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a desmosome?

A

Firm anchorage

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9
Q

What is the structure of a desmosome?

A

Two cells stick together by a plaque of protein and filamentous proteins radiate out.

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10
Q

What is a tight junction?

A

A cell-cell junction

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11
Q

What is the function of a tight junction?

A

Seals intracellular spaces

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12
Q

What is a gap junction?

A

A cell-cell junction

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13
Q

What is the function of a gap junction?

A

Cell to cell communication

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14
Q

How do gap junctions allow for communication?

A
  • Signals go between the cells

- Holes are punched in the membrane which allow for the movement of ions

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15
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A
  • Reticular lamina

- Basal lamina

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16
Q

What sits in the basement membrane?

A

Four nucleated cells

17
Q

What cell-ECM junctions exist?

A
  • Hemidesmosomes
  • Skin-basal lamina
  • BV endothelium-BL
18
Q

What are the secondary roles of the epithelium?

A
  • Thick for wear and tear
  • Thin for diffusion
  • Movement-cilia
  • Absorption-microvilli
19
Q

What are cilia?

A

Finger like projections from the apical surface

20
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Finger like projections from the apical surfaces

21
Q

How can epithelia be classified?

A
  • Either simple (one cell thick) or complex (more than 1 cell thick)
  • Squamous (squashes)
  • Cuboidal
  • Coumnar
  • Stratified (spherical cells)
  • pseudostratified columnar (appears like more than one layer but ever cell has contact with the basal lamia)
22
Q

What are cuboidal and columnar cells used for?

A

Secretion

23
Q

Where are stratified epithelia found?

A

Bladder and UT to stop accumulated toxins leaking back into the system

24
Q

Where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

Trachea

25
Q

What are glands?

A

Collections of secretory epithelia cells which can be single or multicellular

26
Q

What are the 2 types of gland you can get?

A
  • Exocrine secrets out through tubes on the surface

- Endocrine secretes into the blood