Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium types and functions?

A

epithelial- covering
connective- support
muscle- movement
nervous-control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial function?

A
  • covers body surface or lines body cavity
  • forms parts of most glands
  • protection
  • excretion/ secretion
  • forms slippery surfaces
  • absorption, filtration, and ion transportation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Special characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  • cellularity: composed of cells with minimal matrix
  • specialized contacts: cells joined by junctions
  • polarity: cell regions of apical surface differ from basal surface
  • supported by connective tissue
  • avascular but innervated: epithelia receive nutrients from connective tissue
  • regeneration: lost cells replaced by cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you classify epithelial tissue?

A

simple: one layer
stratified: multiple layers

squamous: wider than tall, flat
cuboidal: square
columnar: taller than wide, column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of epithelial tissue?

A
  • simple squamous
  • simple cuboidal
  • simple columnar
  • pseudostratified
  • stratified squamous
  • transitional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endothelium: inner covering, lining hollow organs in circulatory system

Mesothelium: middle covering, lines peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities and covers visceral organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function simple squamous epithelium?

A
  • passage of materials be passive diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
  • secrete in mucous membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelium?

A
  • renal corpuscles
  • alveoli of lungs
  • lining of heart and blood vessels
  • lining of ventral body cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • secretion and absorption

- kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • may contain goblet cells
  • absorption; secretion of mucous, enzymes
  • ciliated type propels mucous or reproductive cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelium?

A

ciliated: lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

non-ciliated: lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is it called pseudostratified epithelium?

A
  • nuclei lie at varying height giving the false stratified look
  • only tall cells reach apical surface since they originate at basement membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of pseudostratified epithelium?

A

-secretion of mucous and propulsion of mucous by cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Location of pseudostratified?

A

ciliated: lines trachea, and upper respiratory tract

non-ciliated: ducts of male reproductive tubes and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of goblet cells?

A
  • to secrete and produce mucin onto skin or into digestive tube
  • mucous protects and lubricated body surfaces
  • H2O + mucin= mucous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Properties of stratified epithelium?

A
  • contains 2+ layers of cells
  • major role of protection
  • regenerate from basal layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

keratinized and non-keratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • contains keratin (for protection)
  • waterproof
  • surface cells are dead, dry, and full of keratin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • apical layer and deeper layers remain moist

- forms moist lining of body openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functions of keratinized and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  • forms epidermis

- forms lining of mucous membranes (esophagus, mouth…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • basal cells cuboidal or columnar
  • apical cells are squamous
  • stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder
  • lines inside of hollow urinary organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of microvilli?

A

-increase SA which is important for secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are microvilli abundant?

A

in epithelial tissue of small intestine and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Purpose of cilia?

A

-to produce directed movement of material over the surface of epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A
  • noncellular supporting sheet between the epithelial tissue and connective tissue
  • selective filtering and scaffolding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A
  • immotile cilia syndrome
  • dynein arms fail to form
  • leads to respiratory infections because cilia can’t sweep inhaled bacteria out of respiratory tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens if diabetes is left untreated?

A
  • basement membrane will thicken due to built up glucose

- evident in eye and kidneys

28
Q

Types of connective tissue?

A
  • connective tissue proper
  • bone tissue
  • blood tissue
  • cartilage
29
Q

Function of connective tissue?

A
  • binding and support
  • transportation
  • compartmentalization
  • protection and insulation of organs
  • major site of body energy reserves
30
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance:
-cushions/ protects, withstands compression or bathe all cells in body

Fibres:
-provide support

31
Q

Where does connective tissue originate from?

A

mesenchyme (embryonic tissue)

32
Q

Types of fibres that make up connective tissue?

A

collagen: tough and resist pulling forces
elastic: can stretch and return to original shape
reticular: strong but allow more give than collagen fibres, present in basement membrane

33
Q

Types of connective tissue proper?

A

loose connective tissue
-adipose and areolar
dense connective tissue
-DICT, DRCT, elastic

34
Q

What fibres and cells make up areolar connective tissue?

A

collagen, elastic, reticular fibres
fibroblasts (secrete matric and fibres), macrophages and mast cells (WBC)

fibres slow down harmful bacteria so WBC have time to get rid of them

35
Q

Function of areolar connective tissue?

A
  • wraps/ cushions organs
  • holds/ conveys tissue fluid
  • role in inflammation and infection
36
Q

Where is areolar connective tissue found?

A
  • under epithelia
  • packages organs
  • surrounds small nerves and blood vessels
  • borders all other tissues in body
37
Q

Function and location of adipose tissue?

A
  • provides reserve food fuel
  • insulates
  • supports and protects organs

-under skin, around kidneys, behind eyes, within abdomen, in breasts, and heart

38
Q

What fibres and cells make up DICT?

A
  • irregularly arranged collagen fibres
  • some elastic fibres
  • fibroblasts
39
Q

Function and location of DICT?

A
  • withstand tension in many directions
  • provide structural strength
  • dermis of skin
  • submucosa of digestive tract
  • fibrous capsules of joints and organs
40
Q

What fibres and cells make up DRCT?

A
  • parallel collagen fibres
  • elastic fibres
  • fibroblasts

-poorly vascularized

41
Q

Function and location of DRCT?

A
  • attaches muscles to bone/ bone to bone
  • withstands stress in one direction
  • tendons/ ligaments
  • fascia around muscles
42
Q

Function and location of elastic connective tissue?

A

made up of elastic fibres

  • allows recoil after stretching
  • within walls of arteries and surrounding bronchial tubes
43
Q

What cells make up cartilage?

A

chondroblasts and chondrocytes

44
Q

Does cartilage have blood vessels or nerves?

A

No. They get their blood supply from surrounding perichondrium.
-no pain, but also no healing

45
Q

Types of cartilage?

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
46
Q

What fibres and cells make up hyaline cartilage?

A
  • collagen fibres
  • chondroblasts which produce matrix
  • chondrocytes which lie in lacunae
47
Q

Function and location of hyaline cartilage?

A
  • supports and reinforces
  • cushions
  • resists repetitive stress
  • fetal skeleton
  • ends of long bones
  • costal cartilage of ribs
  • cartilages of nose, trachea, larynx
48
Q

What fibres make up elastic cartilage?

A

-elastic and collagen

49
Q

Function and location of elastic cartilage?

A
  • maintains shape of structure
  • allows great flexibility
  • support external ear
  • epiglottis
50
Q

What fibres make up fibrocartilage?

A
  • thick collagen fibres

- matric is similar but less firm than hyaline

51
Q

Function and location of fibrocartilage?

A

-tensile strength and ability to absorb compressive shock

  • intervertebral discs
  • pubic symphysis
  • discs of knee joint
52
Q

What fibres and cells make up bone tissue?

A
  • collagen fibres
  • osteoblasts which secrete collagen fibres and matrix
  • osteocytes which are mature bone cells in lacunae
  • solid matrix
  • well vascularized
53
Q

Function and location of bone tissue?

A
  • supports and protects organs
  • provides levers and muscle attachment site
  • stores Ca2+, minerals and fat
  • marrow= bone cell formation site

-bones

54
Q

What fibres and cells make up blood tissue?

A
  • no fibres

- erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

55
Q

Function and location of blood tissue?

A
  • transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and waste

- within blood vessels and heart

56
Q

What is scurvy?

A
  • vitamin C deficiency
  • vit. C is necessary for proper cross linking of molecules which make up collagen fibres
  • result is weakened collagen and the supportive connective tissues in the body
57
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A
  • dry

- skin

58
Q

Mucous membrane

A
  • wet
  • lines hollow organs that open to the exterior of the body
  • epithelial sheet underlain with layer of lamina propria (areolar connective tissue)
59
Q

Serous membrane

A

-wet
-simple squamous epithelium lying on areolar connective tissue
-line closed cavities
(pleural, peritoneal, pericardial)

60
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue?

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
61
Q

Function and location of skeletal muscle tissue? Appearance?

A
  • voluntary movement
  • manipulation of environment
  • facial expression
  • skeletal muscles attached to bones
  • multinucleate, obvious striations
62
Q

Function and location of cardiac muscle tissue? Appearance?

A
  • contracts to propel blood into circulatory system
  • involuntary control

-occurs in walls of heart

  • striated
  • uninucleate
  • cells interdigitate at intercalated discs
63
Q

Function and location of smooth muscle tissue? Appearance?

A
  • propels substances along internal passageways
  • involuntary control

-walls of hollow organs

  • spindle shaped with central nuclei
  • no striations
  • form sheets
64
Q

What cells make up nervous connective tissue?

A

neurons

neuroglia (glue)

65
Q

Function and location of nervous tissue?

A
  • transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
  • brain, spinal cord, nerves

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions