Skeleton Flashcards
What are the cranial bones held together by?
immovable joints called sutures
What is the purpose of the facial bones?
- to form a framework for the face
- protect delicate sense organs
- anchor muscles of the face
- hold the teeth
What is the purpose of the cranium?
- enclose the brain
- provide attachment site for neck and head muscles
What makes up the ethmoid bone?
- middle nasal concha
- perpendicular plate
What 2 bones does the coronal suture hold together?
frontal and parietal bone
What 2 bones does the squamous suture hold together?
parietal and temporal bone
What 2 bones does the lambdoid suture hold together?
parietal and occipital bone
What 2 bones does the sagittal suture hold together?
the two parietal bones
What 2 bones does the occipitomastoid suture hold together?
occipital and temporal bone
What bones make up the hard palate?
maxilla and palatine bone
What is the purpose of the vertebral column?
- formed by 26 adult bones
- transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs
- surrounds and protects spinal cord
- attachment site for neck and back muscles
When does the thoracic and sacral curves formed?
during fetal development
When does the cervical curve form?
when an infant raises head at 4 months
When does the lumbar curve form?
when an infant sits up and begins to walk at 1 year
Intervertebral discs compose _____ % of the height of the vertebral column
25%
What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?
to absorb compressive stresses
What is the purpose of the anulus fibrosus?
- binds vertebrae together
- resists tension on the spine
- absorbs compressive forces
What can cause a herniated disc? What is a herniated disc?
can happen due to age or spine trauma
- nucleus pulposus loses cushion
- anulus fibrosus weakens
What is formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae?
intervertebral foramen
Which curve of the spine has bifid spinous processes?
C1-C6
C7 has vertebra prominens
Allows for flexion and extension of the neck?
atlas C1
Acts as a pivot point for rotation of atlas?
axis C2
What hold the axis in place?
the transverse ligaments
Scoliosis
-lateral curvature of thoracic region
-common in girls
results from…
-abnormally structures vertebrae
-unequal lower limb length
-impaired muscle function
Kyphosis
- hunchback
- exaggerated thoracic curve
- common in aged woman (spinal fractures due to osteoporosis)
Lordosis
- sway back
- accentuated lumbar curve
- temporary in obese men and pregnant women
What is it called when you have an extra lumbar vertebrae?
lumbosacral transitional vertebrae
Which cartilage provides support with flexibility and resilience?
hyaline cartilage
Which cartilage is the most flexible?
elastic cartilage
Which cartilage is highly compressible and has great tensile strength?
fibrocartilage
The glenoid cavity has _____ flexibility and ______ stability
great, poor
Shoulder dislocation vs separation
- head of humerus dislocates forwards and down
- acromioclavicular joint dislocates
What are the functions of the clavicles?
- attachment for muscles
- hold arms superiorly and laterally
- transmit compression forces from upper limb to axial skeleton
Which is the largest and strongest bone of the upper limb?
humerus
What is the function of the ulna?
- responsible for forming elbow joint
- hinge joint allows arm to bend
What is the function of the radius?
-to articulate with carpal bones and form wrist joint
Which carpal bones articulate with the radius?
scaphoid and lunate
The Acetabulum has _________ stability and ______ flexibility
great, poor
What is the strongest part of the hip bone?
the ischial tuberosities
What is the longest and strongest bone of the body?
femur
What type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
